Technology trends within water and waste water treatment Harsha Ratnaweera Professor, Norwegian University of Life Sciences Presentation at University of Makarere Market drivers ! Investments ! Technological trends ! Technological innovations GDP World = 77.6 trillion USD (in 2014) Uganda: 0.03 trillion USD Norway: 0.52 trillion USD Africa: 2.4 trillion USD China: 9 trillion USD USA: 18 trillion USD GDP World = 77.6 trillion USD 71 trillion USD = 90% of world’s GDP is dependent on water 589 billion USD = Water and wastewater treatment and distribution market (4% annual growth) 2014 figures, GWI Market drivers for global water investments (and developments) Water facts • 70% of the world is covered with water • Only 3% is fresh water • Less than 0.007% is easily accessible for humans (rest is either in frozen icebergs or in deep groundwater aquifers)
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Technology trends within water and waste water treatment
Harsha RatnaweeraProfessor, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
71 trillion USD = 90% of world’s GDP is dependent on water
589 billion USD = Water and wastewater treatment and distribution market
(4% annual growth)
2014 figures, GWI
Market drivers for global water investments
(and developments)
Water facts
• 70% of the world is covered with water•Only 3% is fresh water•Less than 0.007% is easily accessible for humans (rest is either in frozen icebergs or in deep groundwater aquifers)
Cubic kilometers
Access to safe drinking water
Ratio of wastewater treatment
71 main Indian cities produce 70 million m3 ww/day (132 mill m3/d in 2050), but the treatment capacity is 12 million m3/d…
Global water market & drivers
Frost & Sullivan
589
Global risks- associated with water Water resources development market
• Lifetime from 2 years to >11 years with LED technology
• Combatting reactivation• Disinfection by-products: no THMs, but more exotic
ones?
Membrane technologies
• Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment• membranes for desalination• Removal of non-traditional pollutants cheaper and more
efficiently• Seawater desalination with solar-power
Nano technology
NanoadsorbentsMagnetic nanoparticles
NanofiltrationNanocatalystsNanobiocides
Nanofibers
Reuse of water• Recycled water is becoming to be recognized as a
beneficial resource and not a waste
Recovery of valuables from wastewater
NitrogenPhosphorous
Organic matterEnergy
Phosphorus crisis
• Coagulation – reduces the plant availability of phosphorous
– After treatment of sludge– Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) production– Reduce Al/Fe use
WWTPs or energy plants?
Frank Rogalla, Aqualia
Energy from sludge• Thermal hydrolysis
One visit to toilet = car fuel for 350 m Biofuels from microalgae.
EU FP7 All-gas project
Real-time surveillance and control
Smart IT technologies = integral component of modern water networks• Earlier detection of leakages• Approximate location from data simulations• Process surveillance and control
Sewer systems
Coping with the Climate Change• More and frequent rains
–Overloaded sewers and WWTPs will have even more challenges.
• How to cope with the need?–Infrastructure expansions–Soft approaches: real time control of sewers and
WWTPs
Novel sensors and estimation tools• Water quantity- using weather radar and physical
measurements• Models to estimate water quality with simpler
measurements (flow, etc)• Advanced data processing• Remote surveillance & control
• Image analysis• Novel technologies for cheaper and faster detection• Bioindicators
Optimal dosages and images of flocs
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2
Tot.
P ef
ficie
ncy,
%
Dose, mmole Al/l
Floc features detection limit GLCM
A paradigm shift
Arve Heistad, NMBU
In household wastewater:
* 90 % of N* 80 % of P* 80 % of K* 40-75 % of org.matter