Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 1 A Brief History of Interactivity in Performance ^ very ^ at a distance PLEASE VIEW IN SLIDE SHOW MODE TO ACTIVATE.

Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 11

A Brief History of InteractivityA Brief History of Interactivityin Performancein Performance^̂

veryvery

^̂

at a distance

at a distance

PLEASE VIEW IN SLIDE SHOW MODE TO ACTIVATE PLEASE VIEW IN SLIDE SHOW MODE TO ACTIVATE AUDIOAUDIO


Pre-Human Interactive Performance?Pre-Human Interactive Performance?

The Oceania ProjectThe Oceania Projecthttp://songlinesofthewhales.org/ http://songlinesofthewhales.org/

Download Video FileDownload Video Filefromfrom

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CCRMA_World_Opera_WhaleSong_Slide2.wmvCCRMA_World_Opera_WhaleSong_Slide2.wmv

CLICK MOUSE TO ADVANCE TO NEXT CLICK MOUSE TO ADVANCE TO NEXT SLIDESLIDE


Perhaps NotPerhaps Not

Speed of sound in Speed of sound in water ~ 0.92 water ~ 0.92 miles/secondmiles/second

Singer 100 miles away Singer 100 miles away hears song 92 seconds hears song 92 seconds late & response arrives late & response arrives another 92 seconds another 92 seconds later, more than three later, more than three minutes!minutes!

Christophe Dang Ngoc Chan Christophe Dang Ngoc Chan http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30.gif http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30.gif


Human CommunicationHuman Communication

Frederick RemingtonFrederick Remington


Jack Johnson Jack Johnson v. Jim Jeffriesv. Jim JeffriesReno, NV, Reno, NV, 19101910

Result Result learnedlearnedwithin hours within hours by explorer by explorer ThomasThomasCameron Cameron Taylor in Taylor in central Africa central Africa 180 miles 180 miles from the from the nearestnearesttelegraph linetelegraph line

drum “telegraph” Assam, Indiadrum “telegraph” Assam, India


Map of High-Map of High-Speed Wireless Speed Wireless CommunicationCommunication

s System in s System in FranceFrance


The Original The Original Telegraph:Telegraph:1793-18521793-1852

(-1880(-1880 in in Sweden)Sweden)

replacingreplacingexistingexisting

infrastructureinfrastructureis difficult!is difficult!


Telegraph-controlled puppet, 1851Telegraph-controlled puppet, 1851

Harmonic telegraph, 1874Harmonic telegraph, 1874


The New York Times, The New York Times, April 3, 1877April 3, 1877


““The operator in Providence plays the The operator in Providence plays the banjo, the Worcester operator the banjo, the Worcester operator the harmonica, and gently the others harmonica, and gently the others sing. Some tune will be started by sing. Some tune will be started by the players and the other will sing. the players and the other will sing. To appreciate the effect, one must To appreciate the effect, one must have a transmitter close to his ear. have a transmitter close to his ear. The music will sound as clear as The music will sound as clear as though it were in the same room.” though it were in the same room.” Boston Evening RecordBoston Evening Record, about an , about an 1891 concert organized by operators 1891 concert organized by operators in Worcester, Fall River, Boston, in Worcester, Fall River, Boston, Springfield, Providence and New YorkSpringfield, Providence and New York


Satellite Arts Project 1977Satellite Arts Project 1977

Kit Galloway & Sherrie RabinowitzKit Galloway & Sherrie Rabinowitz NASA facilitiesNASA facilities GEO delay ~ GEO delay ~ ¼¼-second-second

http://ecafe.com/getty/table.html http://ecafe.com/getty/table.html


AES ISDN Concert 1995AES ISDN Concert 1995

APT codecsAPT codecs Jesse Rae, Scottish BordersJesse Rae, Scottish Borders Dan Dean, SeattleDan Dean, Seattle Angus Clark, New YorkAngus Clark, New York Audience in New YorkAudience in New York


An Olympic ThoughtAn Olympic Thought

The five Olympic The five Olympic rings represent the rings represent the five continents; five continents; why not open the why not open the 1998 Games with 1998 Games with choruses singing choruses singing together on five together on five continents?continents?


Distributed But Not InteractiveDistributed But Not Interactive Nagano Winter Olympics Nagano Winter Olympics

19981998 orchestra in concert hall fedorchestra in concert hall fed choruses in Beijing, Berlin, Cape choruses in Beijing, Berlin, Cape

Town, Nagano, New York, & Town, Nagano, New York, & Sydney with multi-hop satellite Sydney with multi-hop satellite delays, which feddelays, which fed

Olympics stadium after frame-Olympics stadium after frame-rate conversion & multi-hop rate conversion & multi-hop satellite delays, where 2000 satellite delays, where 2000 chorus & 50,000 spectators chorus & 50,000 spectators sang with speaker delays to sang with speaker delays to 228.25 ms228.25 ms http://arte.sc-a.jp/3w/ardbf/olympic98/index_e.html http://arte.sc-a.jp/3w/ardbf/olympic98/index_e.html


SpeedsSpeeds

LightLight 299,792,458 m/s 299,792,458 m/s in a in a

vacuumvacuum (~186,282 MPH)(~186,282 MPH)

slower in denser mediaslower in denser media ~ 185,000 m/s in an optical ~ 185,000 m/s in an optical

fiberfiber

SoundSound 0 in a vacuum0 in a vacuum

no sound in a pure vacuumno sound in a pure vacuum fasterfaster in denser media in denser media

~ 343 m/s in dry, room-temp. ~ 343 m/s in dry, room-temp. airair

~ 1125 ft/s~ 1125 ft/s ~ 1484 m/s in water~ 1484 m/s in water ~ 5120 m/s in iron~ 5120 m/s in iron

““I have, by the help of a I have, by the help of a distended wire propagated the distended wire propagated the sound to a very considerable sound to a very considerable distance in an instant” distance in an instant” – – Robert Hooke, Robert Hooke, MicrographiaMicrographia

pulse dispersionpulse dispersion


CircusCircusMaximus,Maximus,AncientAncientRomeRome2037 ft.2037 ft.longlong

speed ofspeed ofsound ~sound ~1125’/s1125’/s

~1.8 sec.~1.8 sec.one endone endto otherto other


more than four US TV framesmore than four US TV framesof acoustic delayof acoustic delay

about three US TV frames about three US TV frames of acoustic delayof acoustic delay

Metropolitan Opera HouseMetropolitan Opera House


Stockholm-Palo Alto: 5379 miles directStockholm-Palo Alto: 5379 miles direct ~ 29 ms for light in a vacuum~ 29 ms for light in a vacuum

acoustically equivalent to about a 33-foot separationacoustically equivalent to about a 33-foot separation Metropolitan Opera proscenium is 54 feet acrossMetropolitan Opera proscenium is 54 feet across

unfortunately, no direct vacuum pipeunfortunately, no direct vacuum pipe add fiber delay, routing delay, processing delay: ~123 ms, add fiber delay, routing delay, processing delay: ~123 ms,

138 feet138 feet

Porgy and Bess Porgy and Bess will be pretty far apart!will be pretty far apart!


Let’s See!Let’s See!

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Mark Schubin, World Opera, 2011 May 17 1 A Brief History of Interactivity in Performance ^ very ^ at a distance PLEASE VIEW IN SLIDE SHOW MODE TO ACTIVATE.

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