Marine Integrated Aquaculture Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D. Professor, University of Arizona American Soybean Association Past President – World Aquaculture Society Karachi, Pakistan 9 March, 2012
Dec 13, 2015
Marine Integrated Aquaculture
Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D.Professor, University of Arizona
American Soybean Association
Past President – World Aquaculture Society
Karachi, Pakistan9 March, 2012
OverviewGlobal perspective on sustainable aquacultureProduction systemsPolyculture of fish, bivalves, seaweeds, and
crustaceansFuture trends
Several modelsFish and seaweed in cagesSeaweeds in shrimp pondFish in cages in shrimp farm supply
reservoirsFish and shrimp in crop rotationTilapia to treat/re-use shrimp effluent
Philippines - Early adoption of polyculture
Severe disease outbreaks in shrimp industry in 1990’s
Major producer of tilapia Developed tilapia-shrimp polyculture
system on Negros Island Crop-rotation, tilapia in cages/hapas, and
tilapia in reservoir Have been operating for 10+ years
Fish-shrimp production in Ecuador and Peru
Supplementing shrimp because of white spot and other shrimp diseases
Crop rotation, tilapia in supply reservoirs
Using shrimp infrastructureExporting tilapia to US and EU
Tilapia production in Ecuador and shrimp viral infections
TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN ECUADOR
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Pro
du
ctio
n (
mt)
IHHN TauraWhite Spot
Brackish water fish – seaweeds and bivalvesSnapper, seabass, grouper cage effluents (feed and feces) fertilize seaweed and feed filter feeding bivalves
Thailand experimental polyculture systems at AIT
Shrimp survival - 90% Shrimp yield - 3,000 kg/ha Tilapia survival - > 90% Tilapia yield - 1,500 kg/ha Tilapia growth - 10g to 300g in 10 weeks Shrimp survival and yield was lower in
monoculture control
Mechanisms
Mucus – supports gram positive bacteria Fish activity increases green algae bloom
while maintaining levels of other types of algae
Bio-manipulators of sediments- Oxidize wastes- Disturb life-cycle of pathogens and vectors
Marine Integrated Aquaculture Shrimp seaweeds, bivalves, cucumbers,
urchins Fish seaweeds, bivalves, tunicates Abalone seaweeds Mud crabs seaweeds, fish, shrimp
Grouper and Snappers → seaweeds, inverts Groupers and
snappers in cages release dissolved nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, CO2, etc.) and suspended solids (feed, feces, phytoplankton) to be consumed by seaweed, bivalves, and sea urchins