Marine Capture Fisheries in Thailand: Review and Synthesis* Pakjuta Khemakorn Department of Fisheries, Thailand PhD Candidate The Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources & Security (ANCORS) University of Wollongong, Australia UNNFF Alumni 2006-2007 The United Nations-The Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship Programme Inaugural Asia-Pacific Alumni Meeting Tokyo, Japan 13-16 April 2009 *A part of PROFISH Project, FAO/RAP
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Marine Capture Fisheries in Thailand: Review and Synthesis*...Marine Capture Fisheries in Thailand: Review and Synthesis* Pakjuta Khemakorn Department of Fisheries, Thailand PhD Candidate
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Marine Capture Fisheries in Thailand: Review and Synthesis*
Pakjuta KhemakornDepartment of Fisheries, Thailand
PhD CandidateThe Australian National Centre for Ocean
Resources & Security (ANCORS)University of Wollongong, Australia
UNNFF Alumni 2006-2007
The United Nations-The Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship Programme
Inaugural Asia-Pacific Alumni MeetingTokyo, Japan 13-16 April 2009*A part of PROFISH Project, FAO/RAP
Outline
�Introduction�Marine capture fisheries profile of
Thailand �Aspects and circumstances related
to marine capture fisheries of Thailand
Introduction
� Population about 63,400,000 (2008)
� Total area of Thai waters within EEZ is about 420,280 sq. km. � 304,000 sq. km. of the Gulf of
Thailand (86 m max. depth)� 116,280 sq. km. of the
Andaman Sea (1,200 m max. depth).
� GoT is recognized as a Large Marine Ecosystem (LME), highly productive water body (fisheries and other marine resources)
Introduction
� Fisheries play an important role in the food security (2000-2003, 30.85 kg/year)
� Fisheries are also important in the economies and international trade. (2001-2003, 2nd top global exporter of fishery commodities)� development of trawl fisheries in the 1970s (shrimps)� development of purse seine fisheries in the early
1980s (pelagic species)� Two main sectors: Capture fisheries, Culture� Marine capture fisheries refer all types of harvesting of
naturally occurring living resources in marine environments
� Definitions by National Statistical Office and DoF, Thailand Small-scale: without boat, non-powered boats, outboard powered and inboard powered boats less than 10 GT, also the fishing gears generally operating inshoreLarge scale: fishing boats of > 10 GT, and the fisheries operations conducted offshore
� Fishing contracts might be arranged between government and government, private sector and government, or private sector and private sector.
� However, there are generally two main forms of arrangements, i.e. licensing and joint venture.
� About 1.15 million tonnes of total marine production (2.64 million tonnes) are obtained from overseas (2004).
� It is from the EEZs of coastal States in Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and East Africa, such as Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Bangladesh, India, Oman, Yemen, Madagascar and Somalia.
Production of marine capture fisheries out of Thai waters, 2004 (tonnes)
SpeciesGrand Total
Otterboard Trawl
14-18 m
Otterboard Trawl
19-25 m
Otterboard Trawl> 25 m
PairTrawl
14-18 m
PairTrawl> 18 m
Purse seine
King Mackerel
drifting gill net
Grand Total 1,146,811 138,216 432,264 373,478 1,977 14,897 182,710 3,269
Pelagic fish 289,641 2,790 19,196 79,931 80 1,743 182,632 3,269
Demersal fish 374,331 12,925 118,966 240,329 415 1,641 55 0
Other food fish 71,943 4,716 56,136 10,170 96 825 0 0
Trash fish 311,040 110,248 191,118 0 758 8,916 0 0
Thai capture fisheries outside the national EEZ
� There are about 3,000 to 4,000 Thai boats fishing in the EEZs of the other coastal States and two Thai boats fishing on the high sea.
� Most of these fishing boats are under contracts arranged by private sectors, and not obliged to report to the DoF in Thailand.
� Since January 2008 hundreds of Thai boats have stopped fishing in Indonesian waters, because of new arrangement applied foreign boats. � Change from licensing to joint venture� Fly Indonesian flag� Can not carry fish back to Thailand
Aspects and circumstances related to marine capture fisheries of Thailand
�Fishery resource aspects � Resources depleted (CPUE of GoT from 297.6
kg/hr in 1961 to 49.8 kg/hr in 1981, and to 29.0 kg/hr in 2006)
� Resources overexploited (MSY, dermersal and pelagic fish)