Marine Biodiversity of the Kimberley 1880s–2009 edited by ...museum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/WAM_Supp84...(ABRS 2014) and the Zoological Catalogue (Hooper and Wiedenmayer 1994)

Western Australian Museum and Woodside Energy Ltd. Partnership

Marine Biodiversity of the Kimberley1880s–2009

edited by Diana Jones, Clay Bryce, Jane Fromont, and Glenn Moore

RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM

SUPPLEMENT84

Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: sponges (Porifera)

Jane Fromont1* and Alison Sampey1

1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia, 6986

*Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT – A data compilation of Kimberley sponge species housed in four Australian natural science collection institutions was undertaken by the Western Australian Museum. Just under 40% of the collected data were excluded from the synthesis described here due to insufficient species identifications, however 342 species of sponges are documented. This dataset provides baseline information for future sponge investigations in the region. The majority of the known species were widespread Indo-Pacific with a number of Australian endemics. Collection effort was biased to offshore locations. Comprehensive surveys of inshore marine habitats will provide a greater understanding of sponge diversity and abundance throughout the entire region.

KEYWORDS: natural history collections, species inventory, Kimberley Marine Bioregion, biodiversity, NW Australia, baseline

069–100 (2014)84RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM

SUPPLEMENT

INTRODUCTION

The importance of utilising natural science

col lec t ion dat ase t s to prov ide basel i ne

biodiversity information to inform conservation

and environmental management decisions is

increasingly being recognised (Pyke and Ehrlich

2010; Costello et al. 2013). Biodiversity research into

the Kimberley region of Australia is of immense

value as it is an area with high conservation values

and with new and proposed marine parks. There

are proposed developments associated with oil and

gas reserves, fishing and aquaculture activities,

and tourism (Department of Environment and

Conservation 2009). The importance of compiling

existing data to provide a baseline to assist with

characterisation of the assets and values of this

region was recognised by Wood and Mills (2008).

The Western Australian Museum (WAM) and

other Australian natural science institutions have

undertaken marine biodiversity fieldwork in the

Kimberley Project Area (see Methods), which has

resulted in specimen collections, but much of the

data and their interpretation are either unpublished

or published in specialist taxonomic literature,

and thus not readily accessible to researchers and

managers. To address this information gap WAM

instigated an extensive data compilation of the

species known from the Kimberley Project Area.

Here, we document what is currently known about

sponge diversity in the Project Area.

Sponges are important as habitat formers,

providing protection and food sources for other

marine organisms in all oceans of the world. They

have a wide range of biological associations with

other organisms from microbes to vertebrates

(Bell et al. 2013). They perform a variety of

functional roles such as facilitating primary

production, eroding carbonate reefs and filtering

vast volumes of seawater (Bell 2008; Bell et al.

2013). There is increasing evidence that they are

critical in nutrient cycles that occur in the oceans,

for example in cycling dissolved organic matter

in coral reefs (de Goeij et al. 2013), and nitrogen

cycling in oligotrophic reefs (Keesing et al. 2013).

A recent analysis of bioactivity in Australian

marine fauna demonstrated that sponges were

the most consistently bioactive phylum across all

bioregions examined (Evans-Illidge et al. 2013). In

recent times sponges have been recognised as a

critical component of the marine benthos, but in

many areas their species richness and abundance is

largely unknown.

The collecting of sponges in the Kimberley

Project Area is very recent, from the 1980s

70 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

onwards, with no major historical surveys to the

region focussing on this group. Three sponge

studies in the Kimberley have been published:

Hooper (1994), Fromont and Vanderklift (2009)

and Keesing et al. (2011) (Table 1). The Australian

Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) Bioactivity Unit

collected marine invertebrates throughout Western

Australia, including sponges in the Project Area,

and results were documented in an unpublished

report (McCauley et al. 1993). These collections

were made in 1991 between Broome and Cape

Rulhieres in inshore subtidal habitats by SCUBA

and intertidal collecting. They are now held in the

Queensland Museum, and sponges with adequate

species determinations have been included in

this paper. Keesing et al. (2011) reported on the

sponges collected from inshore subtidal habitats

in Gourdon Bay and the Dampier Peninsula, with

specimens collected utilising an epibenthic dredge

in depths between 11–23 m. Along with the AIMS

collection and a small diving expedition by WAM

to Beagle Bay (Bryce et al. 1997), these are the major

expeditions to focus on sponges in the inshore

Kimberley. Other inshore sponge records in this

paper are anecdotal, generally one-off collections,

not undertaken by sponge experts. Hooper (1994)

and Fromont and Vanderklift (2009) focussed on

offshore locations, the first study at Ashmore, Cartier

and Hibernia Reefs and the second at Mermaid,

Scott and Seringapatam Reefs. The first expedition

targeted shallow subtidal habitats on SCUBA, and

the second both subtidal habitats on SCUBA and

intertidal collecting. These are the only studies to

date to document the sponges of the offshore reefs

and atolls of the North West Shelf of WA.

The aim of this project was to collate the

records of shallow water (<30 m) sponge species

in the Kimberley Project Area, which are verified

by specimens lodged in Australian museum

collections (1880s–2009), and to comment on spatial

distributions and collection gaps of this faunal

group in the region.

METHODS

STUDY AREA AND COLLECTION SCOPE

The Kimberley Project Area is defined by the

coordinates 19.00°S 121.57°E; 19.00°S 118.25°E;

12.00°S 129.00°E; 12.00°S 121.00°E. It encompasses

the coast, which forms a natural inshore boundary,

from south of Broome to the WA/NT border

extending beyond the 1000 m bathymetric contour

to include the shelf edge atolls (Figure 1). We

included all classes of sponges: Hexactinellida,

Calcarea, Homoscleromorpha and Demospongiae.

The methodology follows that outlined by

Sampey et al. (2014). Sponge data for the region

were sourced from the collection databases of

WAM, Queensland Museum (QM), Australian

Museum (AM) and Museum and Art Gallery of

the Northern Territory (MAGNT), and species lists

from three publications: Hooper (1994), Fromont

and Vanderklift (2009) and Keesing et al. (2011).

Species names were checked using the online

databases: World Porifera Database (Van Soest

et al. 2014), the Australian Faunal Directory

(ABRS 2014) and the Zoological Catalogue

(Hooper and Wiedenmayer 1994) to identify the

Survey Year No. Locations No. Stations No. Species No. Families Reference

Offshore

1981, 1986, 1987, 1992 3 32 138 38 Hooper (1994)

2006 4 45 132 31 Fromont and Vanderklift (2009)

Inshore

1991 11 15 19* 11 McCauley et al. (1993)

1997 1 2 28 13 Bryce et al. (1997)

2008 5 15 52 18 Keesing et al. (2011)

TABLE 1 Number of locations, stations, species and families of sponges (Porifera) sampled during expeditions in the Project Area, with data in reports or publications. NB: Only stations that included sponges were counted. *recorded to species or OTU.

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 71

currently accepted taxonomic name and determine

biogeographic distributions.

Many of the sponges from the Project Area have

only been assigned to an Operational Taxonomic

Unit (OTU), or morphospecies concept, and have

not been examined within the Linnaean system

to determine if they are new species or have

been previously described in historic taxonomic

literature. OTUs are used for a number of reasons

outlined in Sampey et al. (2014). In the case of

sponge identifications within the Project Area they

indicated one or more of the following:

• the identification was preliminary with no time

to study the historic literature;

• the morphological characters differed from the

published descriptions;

• the species was outside its known geographic

range; and

• the taxonomic group requires substantial

revision.

As the Project Area sponges have been examined

by sponge experts it was assumed each OTU

was consistent and represented a single species,

although OTUs have not been checked between

institutions for duplication. Total number of sponge

species was determined using all named, cf. and

OTU species. For biogeographic analyses only

sponges with full species names were used.

SPATIAL INFORMATION, COLLECTION DETAILS AND MAPPING

Data from all sources were collated into a

single database and location, and collection

details were checked and verified. Full details

of this methodology are outlined in Sampey et

al. (2014) along with the list of locations, latitude

and longitude where collections occurred in the

Kimberley Project Area.

Maps of species richness and sampling effort

were generated for each main location. Since

species richness patterns are highly dependent

on sampling effort, we calculated the number

of collecting events at a location to provide an

indication of relative sampling effort. A collecting

event was defined by the season and year of

collecting (Sampey et al. 2014).

BIOGEOGRAPHIC CODING

Spe c ie s were coded for t he i r k now n

biogeographic range following the relevant

categories in Spalding et al. (2007). We coded for the

following five realms:

• Temperate South Africa (TSA). Found from

Benguela in the west, south and east to Agulhas

Bank-Natal, including Amsterdam and St. Paul

in the temperate Indian Ocean.

• Western Indo-Pacific (WIP). Found throughout

the Red Sea and the East African coast, Western

and Central Indian Ocean.

• Eastern Indo-Pacific (EIP). Found throughout

Hawaii, eastern Pacific Islands, Central and

Southeast Polynesia.

• Temperate Australasia (TA). Found throughout

New Zealand and temperate Australia from

Shark Bay on the west coast south and east to

Tweed Heads-Moreton Bay.

• Central Indo-Pacific (CIP). Here coded as the

region encompassing the South China Sea,

Sunda Shelf, the tropical northwestern and

southwestern Pacific and coral triangle.

We separately coded for the following three

provinces within this fifth realm:

• Sahul Shelf (SS). Includes the Gulf of Papua,

the Arafura Sea, Arnhem coast to Gulf of

Carpentaria and Bonaparte Gulf.

• Northeast Australian Shelf (NES). Torres Strait

and Great Barrier Reef.

• Northwest Australian Shelf (NWS). Broome to

Ningaloo.

Within its distribution range a species may be restricted to certain habitats, however sponges are predominantly found on hard subtidal substrates, with a few adapted to soft sediments and/or intertidal habitats. The species in this study were not coded for habitat as there are limited habitat data for sponges in the area and most of the collecting was by SCUBA or intertidal surveys of hard substrates, with little to no focus on soft

sediments.

RESULTS

NUMBER OF SPECIMENS IN COLLECTIONS

A total of 1,071 ‘specimen lots’ of sponges were

in the combined collection databases, of these 665

were retained in the Project Area dataset as they

were identified to species, cf. or OTU (Table 2). A

‘specimen lot’ represents one to many individuals

of the same species from the same site with a

unique museum registration number. QM and

WAM had the highest numbers of specimen lots,

followed closely by MAGNT. A high number of lots

were excluded from the present dataset (406, 38%)

due to insufficient species identification (Table 2).


The oldest records in the databases for Kimberley

sponges were housed in the WAM, MAGNT and

QM collections and were represented by two

species Clathria lendenfeldi and Axinyssa sp. collected

from Broome in 1961.

SPECIES RICHNESS AND COLLECTING EFFORT

A total of 343 species were recorded in the dataset.

There were no glass sponges (Hexactinellida),

but six species of Calcarea and seven species

of Homoscleromorpha were recorded, with the

remaining 330 species all Demospongiae. All

major orders of sponges were represented in this

synthesis. The most species rich orders, listed here

from most to least species, were the Haplosclerida,

Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida, Dictyoceratida,

Hadromerida and Spirophorida (Table 3).

Thirty three of the species were identified as cf.

taxa (i.e. to a known Linnaean species concept),

and 205 to OTU-level taxa (Appendix 1a), with

the remaining 105 recognised as known species.

Twenty four of the known species were recorded

from Kimberley inshore localities, the majority

(65) from the offshore continental edge atolls with

the remaining 16 species found in both areas

(Appendix 1b). No sponges have been collected

from Browse Island or the midshelf shoals. The high species richness recorded for the offshore atolls is related to higher sampling effort in these locations (Tables 1 and 4). We summarised the number of offshore versus inshore locations and stations for five major studies conducted in the Project Area (Table 1). We found that while seven offshore locations had been sampled compared to 17 inshore, 77 offshore stations were sampled compared to less than half that number (32) inshore.

Overall we found sponges were recorded from 33 locations in the Project Area, seven offshore and 26 inshore localities (Table 4, Figures 1–3). Species richness varied considerably from 101 (at Scott Reef) to one (at eight inshore locations; Table 4, Figure 2). This is clearly related to sampling effort, which was highly variable, with four collecting events at Broome and only one collecting event at 29 locations (Table 4, Figure 3). Sponge species richness was higher at the seven offshore sites than at the inshore locations. For eight of the Kimberley inshore sites there was only a single species of sponge recorded from a single collecting event. No collecting has occurred at Browse Island (midshelf), or Imperieuse Reef (continental slope), nor has the eastern Kimberley been adequately sampled (Figure 1).

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Porifera

FIGURE 1 Locations of records of sponge species in the Project Area.The Proect Area boundary is marked in grey. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.


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FIGURE 2 Species richness of sponges for each main location in the Project Area. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.

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FIGURE 3 Number of collecting events for sponges at each main location for which there are collections. This was based on a count of the season code and provides an indication of sampling effort. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.


TABLE 2 Number of specimen lots of Project Area sponges housed in Australian collections. Included are those lots identified to species or OTU (able to be distinguished as a separate species) and excluded are those lots incompletely identified.

Collection Included Excluded Total

AM 2 9 11

QM 238 132 370

MAGNT 60 265 325

WAM 365 0 365

Total 665 406 1071

TABLE 3 Number of species in each class and order of sponges in the Project Area.

Class/Order No. of species

Calcarea 6

Homoscleromorpha 7

Demospongiae 330

Spirophorida 19

Astrophorida 15

Hadromerida 28

Chondrosida 3

Lithistids 4

Halichondrida 58

Poecilosclerida 55

Agelasida 2

Haplosclerida 84

Dictyoceratida 42

Dendroceratida 4

Verongida 16

Total 343

LocationSpecies Richness

Collecting Events

Offshore

Scott Reef 101 2

Cartier Island 75 1

Mermaid Reef 59 1

Ashmore Reef 53 3

Hibernia Reef 44 1

Seringapatam Reef 39 1

Clerke Reef 15 1

Inshore

Quondong Point 35 1

Beagle Bay 33 3

Packer Island 23 1

Gourdon Bay 18 1

Pender Bay 10 1

Broome 7 4

Eclipse Shoals 7 1

Cape Latouche Treville 4 1

Fenelon Island 4 1

Grey Shoal 4 1

Heritage Reef 4 1

Tangier Shoals 3 1

Lacepede Islands 2 1

Lord Mayor Shoal 2 1

Cockatoo Island 2 1

Colbert Island 2 1

Cone Bay 2 1

Vansittart Bay 2 1

Green Island 1 1

Jamieson Reef 1 1

King Sound 1 1

Talboys Rock 1 1

Cape Leveque 1 1

Champagny Island 1 1

George Water 1 1

Gibbings Island 1 1

TABLE 4 Species richness and number of collecting events at each location in the Project Area.

BIOGEOGRAPHY

Of the 105 known species reported from the

Kimberley two thirds were wide ranging Indo-

Pacific species with 68 (65%) in this category,

and 31 species (30%) Australian endemics (Table

5). Forty six (71%) of the offshore species were

widespread Indo-Pacific species, almost half of the

inshore species were widespread (11 species, 46%),

and the majority of those found both inshore and

offshore (11 species, 69%) were widespread Indo-

Pacific species (Table 5).

Endemic Australian species were proportionally

highest at the inshore locations with 12 species

(50%) reported, while 14 endemic species (22%)

were reported offshore including six (43%) of those

species considered to be temperate Australian. Five

species (31%) that occurred in both locations were

Australian endemics.


Biogeographic Code Inshore and offshore Inshore only Offshore only

WIDESPREAD

WIP 1 4

CIP 4

TSA/WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP/EIP 1

TA/WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1 1 3

TA/WIP/NWS/SS/CIP/EIP 1

TA/WIP/NWS/NES/CIP/EIP 1

TA/WIP/NWS/SS/CIP 1 1

TA/WIP/NWS 2

TA/WIP 2

TA/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1

TA/NWS/NES/CIP 2

WIP/NWS 1

WIP/NWS/SS 1

WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 4 1 4

WIP/NWS/SS/CIP 1 1

WIP/NWS/NES/CIP 2 4

WIP/NWS/NES/CIP/EIP 1

WIP/NWS/CIP 4

WIP/NWS/CIP/EIP 1

WIP/NES/CIP 2

WIP/NES 1

NWS/NES/CIP 3

NWS/CIP 1 5

NWS/SS/CIP 1 2

NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1 1

Widespread Total 11 11 46

AUSTRALIAN ENDEMIC

TA/NWS/SS/NES 2 2

TA/NWS/SS 1 3

TA/NWS 2 2

NWS/SS/NES 1 1

NWS/SS 1 3

NWS/NES 2 1

NES 1

NWS 2 1

TA 6

Endemic Total 5 12 14

OTHER

TSA 1

Other 1 4

Other Total 1 5

Grand Total 16 24 65

TABLE 5 Number of species with each biogeographic code. Codes are defined in the Methods.


DISCUSSION

Zoological collections are important tools for providing historical baseline biodiversity and ecological data, as well as contributing to determining biotic and human impacts on marine environments. The knowledge of the Western Australian tropical sponge fauna has increased markedly in recent years (Fromont 2003, 2004; Fromont et al. 2006; Fromont and Vanderklift 2009; Keesing et al. 2011; Schönberg and Fromont 2011), yet knowledge of the Kimberley sponge fauna has lagged behind other better studied tropical regions, such as the Pilbara and Ningaloo in WA. The specimen data collated in this study provides a historical baseline to assist current and future sponge biodiversity studies being conducted in the region.

The majority of the species collected in the Project Area were from offshore atolls, largely due to the work done by Hooper on Ashmore, Cartier and Hibernia Reefs (Hooper 1994), and by Fromont on Mermaid, Scott and Seringapatam Reefs (Fromont and Vanderklift 2009). Fewer species were reported from inshore locations due largely to sponges not being targeted for research until very recently (Bryce et al. 1997; Keesing et al. 2011). Midshelf habitats remain largely unexplored, and no sponges have been reported from these localities.

Species composition differed between offshore and onshore sites with 16 known species occurring in both areas, and the majority of the species being recorded at offshore localities. Many of the species found offshore are known coral reef species such as Pericharax heterorhapis, Rhabdastrella globostellata, Carteriospongia foliascens and Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti. These species are also likely to be found in the more turbid inshore reef systems as effort in these locations is increased.

The differences in species richness are largely the result of collecting effort, which was not comparable between inshore and offshore locations. Although more inshore locations had sponges collected from them (26 inshore versus seven offshore), more than twice as many stations were sampled offshore compared to inshore (see Table 1) resulting in lower species diversity reported inshore.

The 342 species collated here suggest a similar high diversity in the Project Area compared to other Indo-Pacific regions (see Schönberg and Fromont 2011). High sponge species diversity has been reported across tropical Australian waters: Carnarvon Basin, WA (261 species, Schönberg and Fromont 2011), Dampier Archipelago, WA (275 species, Fromont et al. 2006), Sunshine Coast, Qld (247 species, Hooper and Kennedy 2002), Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef (304 species, Hooper et al. 1999), Wessel Island, NT (315 species, Hooper et al. 2002) and Darwin and Coburg Peninsula, NT

(395 species, Hooper et al. 2002; and 283 species, Przeslawski et al. 2014). Sponge diversity in the Project Area is likely to increase substantially with inshore collecting.

To date, almost two thirds of the known, described sponge species reported from the Kimberley Project Area were widespread Indo-Pacific and almost one third Australian endemics. Six of the 14 endemic species reported offshore were temperate Australian endemics (see Table 5). This is unusual, and the species require further taxonomic study to determine if they are truly this widespread or whether they represent sibling species.

The large number of sponges assigned to cf. or OTU demonstrates the enormous task of documenting these species. Hooper et al. (2013) recognised the need to compile sponge OTUs into an online workspace (www.spongemaps.org) where sponge taxonomists can compare and standardise this interim nomenclature at a national to ocean basin scale (Hall 2013).

Comprehensive sampling of Project Area marine habitats for sponges has only been undertaken offshore. It is anticipated this synthesis will facilitate future surveys in the region, and that current survey work documenting species from inshore locations will assist with filling collection gaps. In the future it is hoped that a more complete picture of sponge distributions and abundances in the Kimberley region will be realised.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to John Hooper for collecting a significant proportion of the specimens contained in this dataset. Thanks to Stacey Osborne and Albert Miles for databasing the unregistered Kimberley material in WAM collections and for checking taxonomic and spatial information in this dataset. We are also grateful to Holly Winkle for checking the biogeographic coding of the species, and for the technical support provided by Oliver Gomez. Many thanks to Drs John Hooper, Christine Schönberg and Belinda Alvarez for their helpful comments on the manuscript.

REFERENCES

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Bell, J.J., Davy, S.K., Jones, T., Taylor, M.W. and Webster, N.S. (2013). Could some coral reefs become sponge reefs as our climate changes? Global Change Biology 19: 2613–2624.


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MANUSCRIPT RECEIVED 9 JUNE 2014; ACCEPTED 12 SEPTEMBER 2014


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ist,

199

21

11

Cym

bast

ela

sp. B

B1

1

Dra

gmac

idon

aus

tral

e (B

erg

qu

ist,

197

0)1

Dra

gmac

idon

dur

issi

mum

(D

end

y, 1

905)

1

Phak

ellia

sp

. BB

11

Phak

ellia

sp

. K1

1

Ren

ioch

alin

a sp

. 1

11

1

Ren

ioch

alin

a sp

. 2

11

11

Ren

ioch

alin

a st

alag

miti

s Len

den

feld

, 188

81

11

11

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Fam

ily

: Des

mo

xyid

ae

Hig

gins

ia s

p. 1

059

1

Hig

gins

ia m

ixta

cf.

Hen

tsch

el, 1

912

1

Hig

gins

ia sc

abra

Wh

itel

egg

e, 1

907

11

Hig

gins

ia s

p. K

1

1

Fam

ily

: Dic

tyo

nel

lid

ae

Aca

nthe

lla c

aver

nosa

Den

dy,

192

21

11

Aca

nthe

lla d

endy

i (B

erg

qu

ist,

197

0)1

1

Aca

nthe

lla p

ulch

errim

a R

idle

y &

Den

dy,

188

61

1

Phak

ettia

euct

imen

a (H

ents

chel

, 191

2)1

Styl

issa

car

teri

(D

end

y, 1

889)

11

11

11

Styl

issa

con

ulos

a (D

end

y, 1

922)

11

Styl

issa

flab

ellif

orm

is (

Hen

tsch

el, 1

912)

1

Styl

issa

mas

sa (C

arte

r, 1

887)

11

Fam

ily

: Hal

ich

on

dri

idae

Axi

nyss

a sp

.?

1

Cio

caly

pta

sp. B

B1

1

Cio

caly

pta

sp. S

S3

11

1

Epip

olas

is s

p. 7

99

1

Hal

icho

ndri

a (H

alic

hond

ria)

110

1

1

Hal

icho

ndri

a (H

alic

hond

ria)

778

1

1

Hal

icho

ndri

a (H

alic

hond

ria)

786

1

Hal

icho

ndri

a (H

alic

hond

ria)

802

1

Hal

icho

ndri

a (H

alic

hond

ria)

805

1

Hal

icho

ndri

a (H

alic

hond

ria)

sp

. K1

11

Hal

icho

ndri

a sp

. NW

1

11

Hal

icho

ndri

a sp

. NW

2

11

Hal

icho

ndri

a sp

. NW

3

11


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Hal

icho

ndri

a sp

. NW

4

1

Hal

icho

ndri

a sp

. NW

5

1

Hym

enia

cido

n sp

. NW

1

1

Hym

enia

cido

n sp

. NW

2

1

Hal

icho

ndri

da s

p. N

W3

1

Fam

ily

: Het

ero

xyid

ae

Did

iscu

s ace

ratu

s (R

idle

y &

Den

dy,

188

6)1

Myr

mek

iode

rma

sp. 1

092

1

Myr

mek

iode

rma

gran

ulat

um (E

sper

, 179

4)1

11

11

Myr

mek

iode

rma

nive

um (R

ow

, 191

1)1

Ord

er: P

oec

iosc

leri

da

Fam

ily

: Aca

rnid

ae

Aca

rnus

tern

atus

Rid

ley,

188

41

Zyz

zya

cric

eta

cf. S

chö

nb

erg

, 200

01

Zyz

zya

fulig

inos

a cf

. (C

arte

r, 1

879)

1

Fam

ily

: Ch

on

dro

psi

dae

Batz

ella

sp

. 109

6

1

Cho

ndro

psis

sp

. NW

1

11

Cho

ndro

psis

sp

. NW

2

1

Cho

ndro

psis

sp

. NW

3

11

Fam

ily

: Cra

mb

eid

ae

Mon

anch

ora

ungu

icul

ata

(Den

dy,

192

2)1

11

Fam

ily

: Cre

llid

ae

Cre

lla (Y

vesi

a) sp

inul

ata

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

911)

1

Fam

ily

: Des

mac

elli

dae

Biem

na s

p. 7

93

1

Biem

na fo

rtis

cf.

(To

pse

nt,

189

7)1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Biem

na s

p. N

W1

11

Biem

na s

p. N

W2

1

Des

map

sam

ma

sp. 8

00

11

Fam

ily

: Hy

med

esm

iid

ae

Hym

edes

mia

(Hym

edes

mia

) sp

. 109

8

1

Fam

ily

: Io

tro

cho

tid

ae

Iotr

ocho

ta b

acul

ifera

Rid

ley,

188

41

11

11

Iotr

ocho

ta c

occi

nea

(Car

ter,

188

6)1

1

Iotr

ocho

ta c

occi

nea

cf. (

Car

ter,

188

6)1

1

Fam

ily

: Iso

dic

tyid

ae

Coe

loca

rter

ia si

ngap

oren

sis c

f. (

Car

ter,

188

3)1

Fam

ily

: Mic

roci

on

idae

Ant

ho (A

carn

ia) r

idle

yi (H

ents

chel

, 191

2)1

Cla

thri

a (M

icro

cion

a) a

cera

toob

tusa

(C

arte

r, 1

887)

11

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) abi

etin

a (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

11

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) cac

tifor

mis

(L

amar

ck, 1

814)

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) cer

vico

rnis

cf.

(T

hie

le, 1

903)

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) cop

ping

eri R

idle

y, 1

884

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) len

denf

eldi

R

idle

y &

Den

dy,

188

61

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) rei

nwar

dti V

osm

aer,

188

01

11

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) tin

gens

Ho

op

er, 1

996

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) tox

ifera

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

912)

11

Cla

thri

a sp

. NW

1

1

Cla

thri

a sp

. NW

2

1

Cla

thri

a sp

. NW

3

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Echi

noch

alin

a (E

chin

ocha

lina)

inte

rmed

ia c

f.

(Wh

itel

egg

e, 1

902)

1

Echi

noch

alin

a (E

chin

ocha

lina)

sp

. K1

1

Echi

noch

alin

a sp

. BB

11

Echi

noch

alin

a sp

. NW

1

1

Echi

nocl

athr

ia s

p. N

W1

1

Fam

ily

: My

cali

dae

Myc

ale (

Are

noch

alin

a) s

p. 7

95

1

Myc

ale (

Car

mia

) sp

. 239

1

Myc

ale s

p. N

W1

1

Fam

ily

: Ras

pai

liid

ae

Echi

nodi

ctyu

m ca

ncell

atum

(Lam

arck

, 181

4)1

11

Echi

nodi

ctyu

m cl

athr

ioid

es H

ents

chel

, 191

11

11

Echi

nodi

ctyu

m m

esen

terin

um (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

11

1

Ecty

opla

sia ta

bula

(Lam

arck

, 181

4)1

11

11

1

Ecty

opla

sia v

annu

s Ho

op

er, 1

991

1

Ras

paili

a (C

lath

riode

ndro

n) m

elano

rhop

s H

oo

per

, 199

11

Ras

paili

a (P

aras

yrin

gella

) cl

athr

ata

cf. R

idle

y, 1

884

1

Ras

paili

a (P

aras

yrin

gella

) nu

da c

f. H

ents

chel

, 191

11

Ras

paili

a (R

aspa

ilia)

pha

kello

psis

Ho

op

er, 1

991

1

Ras

paili

a (R

aspa

ilia)

ves

tigife

ra D

end

y, 1

896

1

Ras

paili

a (R

aspa

xilll

a) s

p. B

B1

1

Thrin

acop

hora

cerv

icor

nis c

f.

Rid

ley

& D

end

y, 1

886

11

Trik

entr

ion

flabe

llifo

rme C

arte

r, 1

882

11


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Fam

ily

: Rh

abd

erem

iid

ea

Rha

bder

emia

indi

ca c

f. D

end

y, 1

905

1

Fam

ily

: Ted

anii

dae

Teda

nia

(Ted

ania

) anh

elan

s cf.

(L

ieb

erk

üh

n, 1

859)

1

Ord

er: A

gel

asid

a

Fam

ily

: Ag

elas

idae

Age

las m

auri

tiana

(Car

ter,

188

3)1

11

1

Fam

ily

: Ast

rosc

leri

dae

Ast

rosc

lera

will

eyan

a L

iste

r, 1

900

11

Ord

er: H

aplo

scle

rid

a

Fam

ily

: Cal

lysp

on

gii

dae

Are

nosc

lera

sp

. K1

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

ally

spon

gia)

102

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

ally

spon

gia)

755

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

ally

spon

gia)

791

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

ally

spon

gia)

803

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

ally

spon

gia)

938

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

ally

spon

gia)

con

foed

erat

a (R

idle

y, 1

884)

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

ally

spon

gia)

sp

. K1

11

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

lado

chal

ina)

cf.

aer

izus

a D

esq

uey

rou

x-F

aún

dez

, 198

41

11

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (T

oxoc

halin

a) sc

hulz

ei

(Kie

sch

nic

k, 1

900)

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (T

oxoc

halin

a) s

p. K

1

11

Cal

lysp

ongi

a sp

. NW

1

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a sp

. NW

2

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Cal

lysp

ongi

a sp

. NW

3

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a sp

. NW

4

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a sp

. NW

5

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a sp

. NW

6

1

Fam

ily

: Ch

alin

idae

Cha

linul

a co

nfus

a (D

end

y, 1

922)

1

Hal

iclo

na (G

elliu

s) a

mbo

inen

sis (

Lév

i, 19

61)

11

Hal

iclo

na (G

elliu

s) c

ymae

form

is (E

sper

, 179

4)1

11

11

Hal

iclo

na (H

alic

lona

) sp

. 102

2

1

Hal

iclo

na (H

alic

lona

) sp

. 384

1

1

Hal

iclo

na (H

alic

lona

) sp

. 945

1

Hal

iclo

na (R

enie

ra) s

p. 7

89

1

Hal

iclo

na (R

enie

ra) s

p. 8

01

1

Hal

iclo

na (R

enie

ra) s

p. N

W2

11

Hal

iclo

na (R

enie

ra) s

p. N

W6

1

Hal

iclo

na (R

enie

ra) s

p. N

W7

1

Hal

iclo

na (R

enie

ra) s

p. N

W8

1

Hal

iclo

na k

orem

ella

de

Lau

ben

fels

, 195

41

Hal

iclo

na s

p. N

W1

1

Hal

iclo

na s

p. N

W10

1

Hal

iclo

na s

p. N

W3

1

Hal

iclo

na s

p. N

W4

11

Hal

iclo

na s

p. N

W5

11

Hal

iclo

na s

p. N

W9

1

Hal

iclo

na v

iola

cf.

Ho

shin

o, 1

981

1

Fam

ily

: Nip

hat

idae

Am

phim

edon

lam

ella

ta F

rom

on

t, 1

993

11

Am

phim

edon

par

avir

idis

Fro

mo

nt,

199

31


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Am

phim

edon

sp

. 881

1

Am

phim

edon

sp

. NW

1

11

Cri

broc

halin

a sp

. 792

1

1

Gel

liode

s sp

. 555

1

Gel

liode

s sp

. 619

1

Gel

liode

s sp

. 777

1

Gel

liode

s fibu

lata

(Car

ter,

188

1)1

11

11

1

Gel

liode

s sp

. BB

11

Nip

hate

s niti

da c

f. F

rom

on

t, 1

993

1

Nip

hate

s ole

mda

(de

Lau

ben

fels

, 195

4)1

Nip

hate

s sp

. NW

1

11

1

Nip

hate

s sp

. NW

3

1

Nip

hate

s sp

. NW

4

1

Nip

hate

s sp

. NW

5

1

Fam

ily

: Pet

rosi

idae

Aca

ntho

stro

ngyl

opho

ra a

shm

oric

a

Ho

op

er, 1

984

1

Neo

petr

osia

exig

ua (K

irk

pat

rick

, 190

0)1

11

11

1

Petr

osia

(Pet

rosi

a) s

p. 1

095

1

Petr

osia

(Pet

rosi

a) s

p. 1

103

1

Petr

osia

(Pet

rosi

a) s

p. 1

13

1

Petr

osia

(Pet

rosi

a) n

igri

cans

Lin

dg

ren

, 189

71

11

Petr

osia

(Str

ongy

loph

ora)

du

riss

ima

cf. (

Den

dy,

190

5)1

11

Petr

osia

(Str

ongy

loph

ora)

sp

. NW

1

11

Petr

osia

(Str

ongy

loph

ora)

sp

. NW

2

11

Petr

osia

(Str

ongy

loph

ora)

stro

ngyl

ata

cf

. Th

iele

, 190

31

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Petr

osia

(Str

ongy

loph

ora)

stro

ngyl

ata

T

hie

le, 1

903

1

Petr

osia

sp

. NW

3

11

Petr

osia

sp

. NW

4

1

Petr

osia

sp

. NW

5

1

Petr

osia

sp

. NW

6

1

Xes

tosp

ongi

a be

rgqu

istia

cf.

Fro

mo

nt,

199

11

11

Xes

tosp

ongi

a sp

. NW

1

1

Xes

tosp

ongi

a sp

. NW

2

1

Xes

tosp

ongi

a te

stud

inar

ia (L

amar

ck, 1

815)

11

11

11

11

Fam

ily

: Ph

loeo

dic

tyid

ae

Siph

onod

icty

on m

ucos

um B

erg

qu

ist,

196

51

Siph

onod

icty

on p

arat

ypic

um c

f. (

Fro

mo

nt,

199

3)1

Siph

onod

icty

on s

p. 1

102

1

Siph

onod

icty

on s

p. 3

32

1

Siph

onod

icty

on s

p. K

1

1

Siph

onod

icty

on s

p. K

2

11

Siph

onod

icty

on s

p. N

W1

1

Siph

onod

icty

on s

p. N

W2

1

Oce

anap

ia a

mbo

inen

sis T

op

sen

t, 1

897

11

1

Oce

anap

ia m

acro

toxa

(Ho

op

er, 1

984)

11

1

Oce

anap

ia ra

msa

yi L

end

enfe

ld, 1

888

1

Oce

anap

ia s

p. N

W1

1

Ord

er: D

icty

oce

rati

da

Fam

ily

:Dy

sid

eid

ae

Dys

idea

sp

. 111

1

Dys

idea

are

nari

a B

erg

qu

ist,

196

51

1

Dys

idea

gra

nulo

sa B

erg

qu

ist,

196

51

Dys

idea

gra

nulo

sa c

f. B

erg

qu

ist,

196

51

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Dys

idea

sp

. NW

1

1

Dys

idea

sp

. NW

3

1

Dys

idea

sp

. NW

4

11

Dys

idea

sp

. NW

5

11

Eury

spon

gia

delic

atul

a cf

. Ber

qu

ist,

199

51

Lam

ello

dysi

dea

herb

acea

(K

elle

r, 1

889)

11

11

11

1

Fam

ily

: Irc

inii

dae

Irci

nia

sp. 1

1

Irci

nia

ram

osa

cf. (

Kel

ler,

188

9)1

Irci

nia

sp. N

W1

11

Irci

nia

sp. N

W2

1

Psam

moc

inia

sp

. 2

1

Sarc

otra

gus s

p. 1

1

Sarc

otra

gus s

p. N

W1

11

Sarc

otra

gus s

p. S

S8

11

11

11

Fam

ily

: Sp

on

gii

dae

Hip

posp

ongi

a sp

. 27

1

Hip

posp

ongi

a sp

. 6

1

Hip

posp

ongi

a sp

. NW

1

1

Hip

posp

ongi

a sp

. SS1

1

Hya

ttel

la in

test

inal

is (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

1

Spon

gia

(Spo

ngia

) aus

tral

is cf

. Ber

gq

uis

t, 1

995

1

Spon

gia

sp. 1

5

1

Spon

gia

sp. N

W1

1

Fam

ily

: Th

ore

ctid

ae

Apl

ysin

opsi

s ele

gans

Len

den

feld

, 188

81

Cac

ospo

ngia

sp

. NW

1

1

Car

terio

spon

gia

flabe

llifer

a

(Bo

wer

ban

k, 1

877)

11


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Car

terio

spon

gia

folia

scen

s (P

alla

s, 1

766)

11

1

Dac

tylo

spon

gia

elega

ns (T

hie

le, 1

899)

11

11

Dac

tylo

spon

gia

sp. N

W1

1

Fasc

aply

sinop

sis re

ticul

ata

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

912)

11

Fasc

iosp

ongi

a sp

. 1

1

Hyr

tios e

rect

us (K

elle

r, 1

889)

11

11

Hyr

tios s

p. N

W1

1

Luffa

riella

sp. 8

04

1

Luffa

riella

sp. K

1 1

Phyl

losp

ongi

a pa

pyra

cea

(Esp

er, 1

794)

11

11

Thor

ecta

sp. 1

1 1

Thor

ecta

sp. K

1 1

11

Thor

ecta

ndra

sp. 1

1

Ord

er: D

end

roce

rati

da

Fam

ily

: Dar

win

elli

dae

Che

lona

plys

illa

sp. N

W1

1

Che

lona

plys

illa

sp. N

W2

1

Fam

ily

: Dic

tyo

den

dri

llid

ae

Dic

tyod

endr

illa

sp. 3

62

1

Dic

tyod

endr

illa

sp. N

W1

1

Ord

er: V

ero

ng

ida

Ver

ongi

da s

p. N

W1

1

Fam

ily

: Ap

lysi

nel

lid

ae

Sube

rea

iant

helli

form

is (L

end

enfe

ld, 1

888)

11

Sube

rea

labo

utei

cf.

Ber

gq

uis

t, 1

995

1

Sube

rea

sp. N

W1

1


Offs

hore

Ato

llsKi

mbe

rley

Coas

t

Taxa

Ashmore Reef

Cartier Island

Hibernia Reef

Scott Reef

Seringapatam Reef

Clerke Reef

Mermaid Reef

Beagle Bay

Broome


Cape Leveque

Champagny Island

Cockatoo Island

Colbert Island

Cone Bay

Eclipse Shoals

Fenelon Island

George Water

Gibbings Island

Gourdon Bay

Green Island

Grey Shoal

Heritage Reef

Jamieson Reef

King Sound

Lacepede Islands

Lord Mayor Shoal

Packer Island

Pender Bay

Quondong Point

Talboys Rock

Tangier Shoals

Vansittart Bay

Fam

ily

: Ap

lysi

nid

ae

Apl

ysin

a sp

. 125

1

Apl

ysin

a sp

. 589

cf.

A

. ret

icul

ata

Len

den

feld

, 188

91

Apl

ysin

a sp

. NW

1

1

Apl

ysin

idae

sp

. K1

1

Fam

ily

: Ian

thel

lid

ae

Iant

hella

bas

ta (P

alla

s, 1

766)

1

Iant

hella

flab

ellif

orm

is (P

alla

s, 1

766)

1

Iant

hella

qua

dran

gula

ta B

erg

qu

ist

&

Kel

ly-B

org

es, 1

995

1

Fam

ily

: Pse

ud

oce

rati

nid

ae

Pseu

doce

ratin

a sp

. 190

1

Pseu

doce

ratin

a sp

. 364

1

Pseu

doce

ratin

a sp

. 1

1

Pseu

doce

ratin

a sp

. 2

1

Pseu

doce

ratin

a ve

rruc

osa

cf. B

erg

qu

ist,

199

51

To

tal

nu

mb

er

of

speci

es

73

85

54

111

49

25

69

53

17

14

1111

12

12

12

17

14

1111

28

1114

14

1111

12

12

33

20

45

1113

12


APPE

NDI

X 2

Know

n sp

ecie

s of

spo

nges

reco

rded

from

the

Proj

ect A

rea,

the

loca

tions

whe

re th

ey w

ere

repo

rted

, and

thei

r bio

geog

raph

ic c

odin

g.

Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

CA

LC

AR

EA

Ord

er:

Cla

thri

nid

a

Fam

ily

: L

eu

cett

idae

Per

icha

rax

hete

rora

phis

Po

léja

eff,

1883

11

11

11

1

HO

MO

SC

LE

RO

MO

RP

HA

Ord

er:

Ho

mo

scle

rop

ho

rid

a

Fam

ily

: P

lak

inid

ae

Pla

kina

stre

lla m

amm

illar

is L

end

enfe

ld, 1907

1

Pla

kort

is c

omm

unis

Mu

ricy

, 2010

11

11

Pla

kort

is n

igra

Lév

i, 1

953

1

DE

MO

SP

ON

GIA

E

Ord

er:

Sp

iro

ph

ori

da

Cin

achy

rella

aus

tral

iens

is C

art

er, 1886

11

11

1

Cin

achy

rella

eni

gmat

ica

(Bu

rto

n, 1934)

1

Cin

achy

rella

sch

ulze

i (K

elle

r, 1

891)

11

Cin

achy

rella

tare

ntin

a (P

uli

tzer

-Fin

ali

, 1983)

Tem

p N

th A

tlan

tic;

Tro

p A

tlan

tic

Ord

er:

Ast

rop

ho

rid

a

Mel

ophl

us s

aras

inor

um T

hie

le, 1899

11

11

Rha

bdas

trel

la g

lobo

stel

lata

(Cart

er, 1883)

11

11

11

Stel

lett

a cl

avos

a R

idle

y, 1

884

11

11

11

Stel

lett

a sp

lend

ens

Tan

ita, 1965

Tem

p N

th P

aci

fic

(Sea

of

Jap

an

)

Ord

er:

Had

rom

eri

da

Fam

ily

: C

lio

naid

ae

Clio

na c

elat

a G

ran

t, 1

826

1T

emp

Nth

Atl

an

tic,

Tro

p A

tlan

tic

Clio

na d

issi

mili

s R

idle

y &

Den

dy,

1886

11

1


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Clio

na o

rien

talis

Th

iele

, 1900

11

11

1

Pio

ne la

mpa

(de

Lau

ben

fels

, 1950)

Tro

p A

tlan

tic

Pio

ne v

elan

s H

ents

chel

, 1909

11

1

Sphe

cios

pong

ia p

apill

osa

Rid

ley

& D

end

y, 1

886

1

Sphe

cios

pong

ia v

agab

unda

(Rid

ley,

1884)

11

11

Fam

ily

: H

em

iast

ere

llid

ae

Axo

s fla

belli

form

is C

art

er, 1879

11

Fam

ily

: S

ub

eri

tid

ae

Aap

tos

aapt

os (S

chm

idt,

1864)

Tem

p N

th A

tlan

tic

Fam

ily

: T

eth

yid

ae

Ant

hote

thya

from

onta

e S

ara

& S

ara

, 2002

1

Ord

er:

Ch

on

dro

sid

a

Fam

ily

: C

ho

nd

rill

idae

Cho

ndri

lla a

ustr

alie

nsis

Cart

er, 1873

11

11

11

Fam

ily

: H

ali

sarc

idae

Hal

isar

ca d

ujar

dini

Joh

nst

on

, 1842

Tem

p N

th A

tlan

tic

Ord

er:

Lit

his

tid

a

Fam

ily

: T

heo

nell

idae

Dis

code

rmia

dis

cife

ra (L

end

enfe

ld, 1907)

11

1

The

onel

la c

ylin

dric

a W

ilso

n, 1925

1

The

onel

la le

vior

Len

den

feld

, 1907

11

The

onel

la s

win

hoei

Gra

y, 1

868

11


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Ord

er:

Hali

cho

nd

rid

a

Fam

ily

: A

xin

ell

idae

Axi

nella

aru

ensi

s (H

ents

chel

, 1912)

11

11

Axi

nella

laby

rint

hica

Den

dy,

1889

1

Cym

bast

ela

stip

itat

a (B

erg

qu

ist

& T

izard

, 1967)

11

Dra

gmac

idon

aus

tral

e (B

erg

qu

ist,

1970)

11

11

Dra

gmac

idon

dur

issi

mum

(Den

dy,

1905)

11

1

Ren

ioch

alin

a st

alag

mit

is L

end

enfe

ld, 1888

11

1

Fam

ily

: D

esm

oxy

idae

Hig

gins

ia s

cabr

a W

hit

eleg

ge,

1907

1

Fam

ily

: D

icty

on

ell

idae

Aca

nthe

lla c

aver

nosa

Den

dy,

1922

11

11

Aca

nthe

lla d

endy

i (B

erg

qu

ist,

1970)

1

Aca

nthe

lla p

ulch

erri

ma

Rid

ley

& D

end

y, 1

886

11

11

1

Pha

kett

ia e

ucti

men

a (H

ents

chel

, 1912)

11

Styl

issa

car

teri

(Den

dy,

1889)

11

1

Styl

issa

con

ulos

a (D

end

y, 1

922)

1

Styl

issa

flab

ellif

orm

is (H

ents

chel

, 1912)

11

1

Styl

issa

mas

sa (C

art

er, 1887)

11

11

Fam

ily

: H

ete

roxy

idae

Did

iscu

s ac

erat

us (R

idle

y &

Den

dy,

1886)

11

11

Myr

mek

iode

rma

gran

ulat

um (E

sper

, 1794)

11

11

1

Myr

mek

iode

rma

nive

um (R

ow

, 1911

)1


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Ord

er:

Po

eci

losc

leri

da

Fam

ily

: A

carn

idae

Aca

rnus

tern

atus

Rid

ley,

1884

11

1

Fam

ily

: C

ram

beid

ae

Mon

anch

ora

ungu

icul

ata

(Den

dy,

1922)

11

1T

rop

Atl

an

tic

Fam

ily

: C

rell

idae

Cre

lla (Y

vesi

a) s

pinu

lata

(Hen

tsch

el, 1911

)1

1

Fam

ily

: Io

tro

cho

tid

ae

Iotr

ocho

ta b

acul

ifera

Rid

ley,

1884

11

11

11

Iotr

ocho

ta c

occi

nea

(Cart

er, 1886)

1

Fam

ily

: M

icro

cio

nid

ae

Ant

ho (A

carn

ia) r

idle

yi (H

ents

chel

, 1912)

11

Cla

thri

a (M

icro

cion

a) a

cera

toob

tusa

(Cart

er, 18

87)

11

11

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) abi

etin

a (L

am

arc

k, 1814)

11

11

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) cac

tifo

rmis

(Lam

arc

k, 1814)

11

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) cop

ping

eri R

idle

y, 1

884

11

11

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) len

denf

eldi

Rid

ley

& D

end

y, 1

886

11

11

11

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) rei

nwar

dti V

osm

aer

, 1880

11

11

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) tin

gens

Ho

op

er, 1996

11

1

Cla

thri

a (T

haly

sias

) tox

ifera

(Hen

tsch

el, 1912)

11

1

Fam

ily

: R

asp

ail

iid

ae

Ech

inod

icty

um c

ance

llatu

m (L

am

arc

k, 1814)

11

11

Ech

inod

icty

um c

lath

rioi

des

Hen

tsch

el, 1911

11

Ech

inod

icty

um m

esen

teri

num

(Lam

arc

k, 1814)

11

11

Ect

yopl

asia

tabu

la (

Lam

arc

k, 1814)

11

1

Ect

yopl

asia

van

nus

Ho

op

er, 1991

11


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Ras

paili

a (C

lath

riod

endr

on) m

elan

orho

ps H

oo

per

, 1991

1

Ras

paili

a (R

aspa

ilia)

pha

kello

psis

Ho

op

er, 1991

11

Ras

paili

a (R

aspa

ilia)

ves

tigi

fera

Den

dy,

1896

11

1

Trik

entr

ion

flabe

llifo

rme

Cart

er, 1882

11

1

Ord

er:

Ag

ela

sid

a

Fam

ily

: A

gela

sid

ae

Age

las

mau

riti

ana

(Cart

er, 1883)

11

Fam

ily

: A

stro

scle

rid

ae

Ast

rosc

lera

will

eyan

a L

iste

r, 1

900

11

11

1

Ord

er:

Hap

losc

leri

da

Fam

ily

: C

all

ysp

on

gii

dae

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (C

ally

spon

gia)

con

foed

erat

a (R

idle

y, 1

884)

11

1

Cal

lysp

ongi

a (T

oxoc

halin

a) s

chul

zei (

Kie

sch

nic

k, 1900)

1

Fam

ily

: C

hali

nid

ae

Cha

linul

a co

nfus

a (D

end

y, 1

922)

1

Hal

iclo

na (G

elliu

s) a

mbo

inen

sis

(Lév

i, 1

961)

11

11

Hal

iclo

na (G

elliu

s) c

ymae

form

is (E

sper

, 1794)

11

11

1

Hal

iclo

na k

orem

ella

de

Lau

ben

fels

, 1954

11

Fam

ily

: N

iph

ati

dae

Am

phim

edon

lam

ella

ta F

rom

on

t, 1

993

11

Am

phim

edon

par

avir

idis

Fro

mo

nt,

1993

11

Gel

liode

s fib

ulat

a (C

art

er, 1881)

11

11

11

Nip

hate

s ol

emda

(d

e L

au

ben

fels

, 1954)

1

Fam

ily

: P

etr

osi

idae

Aca

ntho

stro

ngyl

opho

ra a

shm

oric

a H

oo

per

, 198

41


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Neo

petr

osia

exi

gua

(Kir

kp

atr

ick

, 1900)

11

11

Pet

rosi

a (P

etro

sia)

nig

rica

ns L

ind

gre

n, 1897

11

1

Pet

rosi

a (S

tron

gylo

phor

a) s

tron

gyla

ta T

hie

le, 1903

11

Xes

tosp

ongi

a te

stud

inar

ia (L

am

arc

k, 1815)

11

11

1

Fam

ily

: P

hlo

eo

dic

tyid

ae

Siph

onod

icty

on m

ucos

um B

erg

qu

ist,

1965

11

1

Oce

anap

ia a

mbo

inen

sis

To

pse

nt,

1897

11

Oce

anap

ia m

acro

toxa

(Ho

op

er, 1984)

11

Oce

anap

ia r

amsa

yi L

end

enfe

ld, 1888

11

Ord

er:

Dic

tyo

cera

tid

a

Fam

ily

: D

ysi

deid

ae

Dys

idea

are

nari

a B

erg

qu

ist,

1965

11

Dys

idea

gra

nulo

sa B

erg

qu

ist,

1965

11

Lam

ello

dysi

dea

herb

acea

(K

elle

r, 1

889)

11

11

Fam

ily

: S

po

ng

iid

ae

Hya

ttel

la in

test

inal

is (L

am

arc

k, 1814)

11

Fam

ily

: T

ho

rect

idae

Apl

ysin

opsi

s el

egan

s L

end

enfe

ld, 1888

11

11

Tem

p N

th P

aci

fic

Car

teri

ospo

ngia

flab

ellif

era

(Bo

wer

ban

k, 1877)

11

1

Car

teri

ospo

ngia

folia

scen

s (P

all

as,

1766)

11

11

11

Dac

tylo

spon

gia

eleg

ans

(Th

iele

, 1899)

11

Fasc

aply

sino

psis

ret

icul

ata

(Hen

tsch

el, 1912)

11

11

1

Hyr

tios

ere

ctus

(Kel

ler,

1889)

11

1

Phy

llosp

ongi

a pa

pyra

cea

(Esp

er, 1794)

11

11


Taxa

Offshore

Inshore

Temp Aus

Temp Sth Africa

Western Indo-Pac

NW Aust Shelf

Sahul Shelf

NE Aust Shelf

Central Indo-Pac

Eastern Indo-Pac

Com

men

ts

Ord

er:

Vero

ng

ida

Fam

ily

: A

ply

sin

ell

idae

Sube

rea

iant

helli

form

is (L

end

enfe

ld, 1888)

11

Fam

ily

: Ia

nth

ell

idae

Iant

hella

bas

ta (P

all

as,

1766)

11

11

Iant

hella

flab

ellif

orm

is (P

all

as,

1766)

11

11

1

Iant

hella

qua

dran

gula

ta B

erg

qu

ist

& K

elly

-Bo

rges

, 1995

1

To

tal

speci

es

81

40

34

247

76

39

45

56

5

Marine Biodiversity of the Kimberley 1880s–2009 edited by ...museum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/WAM_Supp84...(ABRS 2014) and the Zoological Catalogue (Hooper and Wiedenmayer 1994)

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