MARIE KATZENBACH/NEW JERSEY FIRST CLASS SCHOOL for …nj2pa.net/downloads/winter 2012.pdf · The Marie H. Katzenbach/New Jersey School for the Deaf, New Jersey State Department of

KATZENBACH SCHOOL NEWS

NJSD / Marie H. Katzenbach School for the Deaf

West Trenton, New Jersey

Volume 85 - Number 2 - Winter 2012

Katzenbach School News

The Katzenbach School News is published quarterly: Fall, Winter, Spring and Summer at 320 Sullivan Way, Trenton, New Jersey, 08628, by the Marie Katzenbach/New Jersey School for the Deaf, New Jersey State De-partment of Education.

Please send address changes to: Cindy Storms, Katzenbach School News, Marie Katzenbach/New Jersey School for the Deaf, P.O. Box 535, Trenton, NJ 08625-0535

www.mksd.org

The Katzenbach School is nationally recognized for its high quality, comprehensive education program specifically designed for Deaf and hard of hearing students. It is fully accredited by the State of New Jersey. Since all tuition costs and fees are paid for by the state and sending school districts, there is absolutely no cost to parents.

For detailed information concerning enrollment in the Katzenbach School please contact:Mrs. Margaret Provost - Enrollment Coordinator

Voice - 609-530-3156 Videophone - 609-498-7942 [email protected]

MARIE KATZENBACH/NEW JERSEYSCHOOL for the DEAF

P.O. Box 535 - Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0535

FIRST CLASSUS POSTAGE PAID

TRENTON, NJPERMIT NO. 21

On the Cover:

The Mad Dash benefit run earned over $6,000

for NJSD. More information on page 10.

Other items of interest in this issue include:

• AMessagefromtheSuperintendent-pg.1

• MiddleSchoolStudentCouncilFoodDrive-pg.2

• ManipulativeVisualLanguage-pg.3

• AlumniNews-pg.4

• StudentCorner-pg.6

• FieldTriptoTCNJ-pg.8

• M.A.D.Dash-pg.10

• RememberingCharlieRadvanny-pg.12

In This Issue:

Dr.AngelM.Ramos,Superintendent

609-530-3112 - 609-498-7942 VP

MarieKatzenbach/NewJerseySchoolfortheDeaf

ImportantPhoneNumbers

General School Information

Telephone:609-530-3100

KatzenbachDoesNotDiscriminate

The Marie H. Katzenbach/New Jersey School for the Deaf, New Jersey State Department of Education, is an equal opportunity employer, has an af-firmative action program and does not discriminate against applicants for employment, employees, applicants for admission or students because of race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, age, political affiliation, sex, armed forces liability, handicap, social or economic status. The Title IX Coordinator is Ms. Kim Arrigo.

TeachingandLearning 609-530-3121 Joan KrasniskySchoolPrograms Early Childhood 609-530-3185 Debbie Solimando

PLUS Program 609-530-4598 Wayne Jacobsen, Angela Budai Elementary Program 609-530-3153 Jody Caseiro Middle School 609-530-3120 Joan Krasnisky High School 609-530-3130 Wayne Jacobsen ASLDeafStudies 609-530-2331 Kim Arrigo 609-530-2332

SpecializedChild 609-530-3145 StudyTeams

Athletics 609-530-3183 Martha Fowler

ResidentialServices 609-530-3198 Lauren Clarke High School Dorm 609-954-6923 Helene Robidoux Elementary/Middle Dorm 609-530-3197 Lauren Clarke PLUS Dorm 609-530-3196 Patrick Gillespie Night Residential Services 609-530-3179 Brian Marion StudentHealthServices 609-530-3167 Head Nurse - Carla Grover BusinessServices,Facilities&Operations Allwyn Baskin 609-530-3104

Enrollment 609-530-3156 Margaret Provost

CampusSecurity 609-610-4587 Edward Harris

Personnel 609-530-3118

KatzenbachSchoolNewsMarie H. Katzenbach School for the Deaf

founded 1883

Janice E. Nemeth, LayoutEditor Cindy Storms, CopyEditor,PrintingWendy Clugston, ProductionCoordinatorMKSD Office and Production Services Students,Printing&Assembly

Dr Angel M. Ramos, Superintendent

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A Message from the SuperintendentDr. Angel M. Ramos

Dr. Angel M. Ramos

Wi n s t o n Churchill once

said, “ To improve is to change, to be perfect is to change often.” Judg-ing by a l l the changes that have occurred the past few months there is no question that Marie

K atz enbach Ne w Jerse y School for the Deaf (MK/

NJSD) is improving. One such change is our partner-ship with Mercer County Technical School (MCTS). We have entered into an agreement with MCTS whereby we will begin on-site MCTS programs at MK/NJSD. This means that we will expand our School of Career and Technical Education (CTE) offering from three programs to ten in the next two years with most of the teachers from MCTS. This also means that the curriculum for each of our CTE programs will be the same as that of MCTS insuring that our programs are of the highest quality. One additional benefit of our partnership with MCTS is that our current teachers in the CTE programs now have colleagues at MCTS that they can meet with for support and to learn about the latest developments in their respective fields.

Another change is the addition of Manipulative Visual Language (MVL) to our teaching strategies. MVL is a tool, a set of 40+ colorful blocks, which allows students to see the English language. All of the elementary teachers and the language teachers in middle school and high school have received training from Jimmy Challis, one of the creators of MVL. We expect our teachers to begin using MVL with

their students as early as February. A more in-depth explanation of MVL is found inside this issue.

Another change is the addition of Achieve 3000 to our programs. Achieve 3000 is an on-line read-ing program used by thousands of school districts throughout the country. The program assesses stu-dents reading skills and then gives students reading materials at their respective reading level – reducing student’s frustrations and allowing teachers to discuss a topic with all students in the class without regard to reading level. Achieve 3000 has an impressive track record of improving students’ reading skills. With Achieve 3000 aligned to New Jersey’s Com-mon Core standards we fully expect our students to make substantial literacy improvements. Thanks to Saki Dodelson, CEO of Achieve 3000, MK/NJSD has received FREE training and FREE use of its on-line program. Said Mrs. Dodelson, “I am look-ing forward to making a difference in your school. With the new rigors of the Common Core standards and a greater emphasis on college and the workforce readiness, Achieve3000 [will work with your teach-ers] to enable them to reach each student, with his/her unique abilities, and help them prepare to meet these standards.”

Partnership with MCTS, MVL, Achieve 3000, and more. All these improvements are designed to help meet what I stated in my previous article – “make sure our students receive the best education possible.” In the next issue of the Katzenbach News I will share with you additional improvements. I ’m not sure we will ever be “perfect” as Churchill stated, but I guarantee we will continue to change and improve so that we offer New Jersey’s Deaf and hard of hearing students an outstanding education.

Charles A. Radvany Sr. Dedication Ceremony

Charles A. Radvany Sr . passed away on Saturday, Jan. 29, 2011 at the age of 88. Born in Tren-ton, he was an area resident all of his life. He attended and graduated from NJSD. After graduation, he worked at his father's business, Capitol Body and Fender Works. He then became a vocational teacher here at MK/NJSD. He taught students in the Mechanical Trades program for 29 years. Family members attending the dedication ceremony were his wife of 63 years, Dorothy Ketch Radvany, (also worked at the school); his daughter, Judith Radvany; his son, Charles Radvany Jr (also worked at the school); his son, James Radvany and wife Maureen; his daughter, Jane Rich and his brother, Dr. John Radvany, (worked as an interim Superintendent at the school), and his many grandchildren.

Charles was a lifelong basketball enthusiast. He played on the NJSD basketball team while he was a student and kept score for the basketball team his entire 29 years of employment. The family asked in lieu of flowers that donations be made to MK/NJSD. Many donations were received in Charlie’s memory so the school was able to purchase a new score table. Because of his enthusiasm for basketball and all the years he kept score, it was fitting to dedicate the table to Charlie. Charlie will always be remembered for his dedication to the school. The Alumni Asso-ciation also presented the family with a plaque, which is on view in the high school lobby trophy case. The family was thrilled with the presenta-tion and it was very emotional. With the stands packed with family and friends, the ceremony took place just before the boys’ championship game of the 15th Annual Tip-Off Basketball Tournament.

Everyone misses Charlie but the new score table will remind the MK/NJSD family of his dedication and love for the school.

Pictured above: The Radvanny Family who attened the dedication of the score table in honor of Charles A. Radvany, Sr.

The appreciative family sent a thank you note to Superintendent, Dr. Angel Ramon some of which is excerpted below:

Please know that our family is still feeling the overwhelming joy and gratitude from your thoughtfulness and kindness. The wonderful gift of the electronic score table in my father's honor was fantastic. We know my father would be thrilled with it. His life was spent at the Marie H Katzenbach School for the Deaf and basketball was his true passion. Now we know his legacy will never be forgotten.

You have truly touched all of our hearts and that too, will never be forgotten. May God Bless all of you! Your thoughtfulness was very kind and so appreciated.

Page Two Page Eleven

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Joan Krasnisky and Jody Caseiro run the Middle School Student Council.

At one of the meetings, the students decided to do a Food Drive to help people who are less fortunate. This community service project involved collecting non-perishable food items for a food bank. The goal was to collect 300 cans in order to earn a two-day, no homework pass. Within two weeks, the students collected far above their goal limit –almost six hundred cans!

On December 21st, the Middle School Student Council went to Mt. Carmel Guild in Trenton, NJ. They carried twen-ty-seven full boxes of food to the food bank shelter and had the privilege to see what a food bank looks like inside. While there, students saw many people outside waiting in line to get their monthly supply of food. The students felt so fortunate that they are able get food at a grocery store at any time and happy that they were able to help the people in need.

a p a i r o f St a rke y digital hearing aids. Justin also gave Ryan a g i f t of a v io l in , with hopes that Ryan will learn to play a song and have “music brought to his ears” for when Justin re-turns to MK/NJSD for next years’ event.

On Sunday, No-vemb er 13th , s tu -dents, staff, parents, volunteers, sponsors, a n d v a r i o u s c o m -munity members as-sembled at Johnson Park, located in Piscataway NJ for the big event. Tents, tables, and mobile vans were scattered near the start/finish line, of numerous sponsors, such as Horizon NJ Health, Family Karate Center, TD Bank, NJ 101.5 Radio Station, and MK/NJSD. With music provided by NJ 101.5 and the Horizon Mobile Health Services van, runners, walkers, and spectators celebrated the beauty of the day and the beautiful event-taking place. Ryan Smith, along with his family, smiled the day away with his new hearing aids. Proceeds from this event and future events will give deserving students the opportunity to acquire amplifica-tion and will assist in supplying much needed support to the school and its programs.

The students and staff of MK/NJSD wish to give a heartfelt thank you to all who were involved with this event. Expectations are to see an even greater turnout for the 2012 event. This year it will be called, “Jersey’s Hope For Hope Hear-ing”! It will be held on Saturday, October 13, 2012 at Marie Katzenbach/New Jersey School for the Deaf. So mark your calendar and please consider joining with us that day because “Jer-sey’s Hope for Hearing”. For further information on registration, participation and donations, check out the website for further details or how you can help: www.jerseyshopeforhearing.com. Those interested may also email [email protected] or call the toll free number 866-212-0667 for more information.

Pictured above: Justin Osmond, and the Ryan Family. Justin presented Ryan with a hearing aids and a violin.

Below: ??????

The Middle School Student Council, under the supervision of Joan Krasnisky and Jody Caseiro, held a food drive to help those less fortunate. Students were promised two 'homework-free days if they met their 300 can goal.

Above: Students load food into the display case so they can watch their collection grow.

Left: Student Council members transported the food to its destination at the Mt. Carmel Guild in Trenton.

Middle School Student Council Food Drive

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lM.A.D Dash

A crisp morning in November provided the perfect conditions for a 5K run/walk around Johnson Park in Piscataway, to which the local proceeds went to benefit the NJSD/MKSD and their students. M.A.D. stands for Making A Difference and in this case, it is to improve the lives of Deaf and Hard of Hearing children. Over 300 people participated in the festivities that included a 5K run (or walk, for those not ready to run) and family fun festivities, including a shorter fun run for children. Over $6000 was raised for the school and this is just the beginning of what everyone involved hopes to be an annual event.

On Saturday, November 12, Justin Osmond, from the Olive Osmond Perpetual Hearing Fund and an entou-rage of sponsors (Horizon Blue Cross

Blue Shield , Family Karate Centers) came to the NJSD/MKSD campus. First, a picnic was held in the Colts Center at the school. Students, staff, par-ents, and community members met, ate, and mingled with the or-ganizers of the event. Next, Justin Osmond gave a lovely presen-tation in the school’s Jochem Center, ex-pla in ing h i s fami ly history of hearing loss, why he started the Olive Osmond Per-petual Hearing Fund and what its mission is (Bringing Music to Your Ears). Ending the night, Justin presented to student Ryan Smith, a junior at MK/NJSD

Pictured above: Justin Osmond presented in the Jochem Center, explaining his family's history of hearing loss. He explained why he started the Olive Osmond Perpetual Hearing fund and described its mission.

Pictured above: XXX, XXX, Pam Wood, Jodie Casseiro and Superintendent Angel Ramosat the MAD Dash.

Manipulative Visual Language (MVL)

[One of the many exciting changes happening at MK/NJSD this year is the addition of Manipu-lative Visual Language (MVL) to the tools we use to help our students improve their reading and writing skills. The following is some information on MVL as it appears in an unpublished research paper, Cracking the Code: An Investigation of MVL and SVO Teaching Approaches with Deaf ESL Students, by Jimmy Challis Gore, Dr. Barbara C. Brinks, and Mary J. Thornley]

An article in American Annals of the Deaf, titled “An Examination of the Evidence-Based Literacy Research in Deaf Education,” by Luckner, Sebald, Conney, Young & Muir (2006) states that ‘access to the phonological code’ is ‘obstructed’ for deaf students of English:

Hearing students learn to map the spoken lan-guage they already know to the printed words on a page…Once children understand the underlying principles of print-sound mapping …they ‘crack the code‘….Children who are deaf or hard of hear-ing do not have easy access to the phonological code….Additionally…sign languages…do not parallel…spoken or printed Eng-lish. (Luckner et al, 444).

I t w a s f o r precisely this—c r a c k i n g t h e p h o n o l o g i c a l code—that Ma-n i p u l at ive Vi -sual Language, or MVL was de-veloped in 2000.

M V L w a s developed by a team of Deaf and hearing people – Jimmy Chal-lis Gore (Deaf ) and Dr. Robert Gilles (hearing).

Gore and Gilles worked together for over five years developing MVL.

Gore and Gilles designed MVL to appeal to a deaf learner’s need for visual representation or stimulus. Combined with American Sign Lan-guage (ASL), with the parts of speech explained according to visual, or ASL, logic, the learner can achieve visually the repetition that hearing learners achieve by auditory means. Also, they can ‘play’ with words in the same way speakers do. MVL makes English and other spoken languages accessible to deaf participants. Since most of the English learners rely on visual language or visual symbols in later life, auditory aspects are missing due to lack of stimulation to their left hemisphere (Silverman, 2002, and Levy, 2002). This notes an important analysis where we, the educational professionals, need to look at in order to help stimulate the right-hemisphere brain to increase.

The MVL system consists of colored wooden blocks (2-dimensional blocks for use with older students and 3-dimensional blocks for younger students) in the form of triangles, squares, and circles combined with ASL logic. The wooden symbols are used to represent the various parts of speech such as verbs, adjectives and adverbs, and can be arranged on a flat surface or affixed

to a white board. The student of English learns to position the sym-bols and, in the process , l earns the grammatical p a t t e r n s . S t u -dents do not need to learn, initially, what verbs or ad-jectives are. They learn to associate the symbols, in their various col-ors and shapes, with proper word order.

The use of vi-sual and/or tac-tile forms makes

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Second Annual Golf Outing

At the Gambler Golf Course in Cream Ridge, New Jersey, the enthusiastic golfers were blessed with great cool weather followed by a tasty, bar-beque lunch. The gleeful golfers received awards for first, second, third, and fourth places, closes pin and straight long drives. The winners were: 1st Place – Anthony DeLusant, Joe DeLusant, Marke Arnell. 2nd Place – Tom Down, Tim Gilpatrick, Bob Meehan, Ray Sturm. 3rd Place – Martha Fowler, Karan Kriger, Jonathan Lee, Jeff Szymczak. 4th Place – Jay Bostwick, Matt D’Ambrosio, John Hammond, Tom Sparks. Closest Pin – Anthony DeLusant, Straight Long Drive – Anthony DeLusant. Players also received gift cards for the 50-50 chances.

Proceeds from the golf outing will reward the MK/NJSD students for their hard work in the classroom. These activities help the Alumni and students to work together as a team!

The Third Annual Golf Outing will be on Saturday, September 15, 2012, at the Gambler Ridge Golf Course.

it possible for the student to manipulate the symbols. To determine if they’ve written a proper sentence, the student can arrange the symbols over the words. An improper ar-rangement signals an improperly structured sentence. The photograph below shows typical visual language learners using the 3-dimen-sional MVL symbols.

Dr. Angel M. Ramos, Superintendent of MK/NJSD, had this to say about MVL: “My teachers at Sequoia School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, where I was previously su-perintendent, used MVL with the students. ALL the students LOVED MVL – and so did the teachers. By the way, MVL is not just for deaf students – it is for ALL students. It has been used with hearing students, with autistic students, with students at the college

level (Gallaudet and NTID), and is currently being translated into Spanish and Arabic. Also, MVL is being used at the school for FREE – the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional blocks have been donated to the school for teachers to use and the school received permission to print the Teacher’s Handbook for each teacher. Additionally, Mr. Gore will be training the staff at no cost to the school. In future issues we will share with you the results of using MVL with our students.

In the meantime, if you would like to learn more about MVL please read the following article that appeared in the Gallaudet Univer-sity’s Clerc Center publication Odyssey (Fall, 2003, page 72: http://www.gallaudet.edu/Documents/Clerc/Odyssey-2003-v5i1-full.pdf ).”

MVL Continued from page 3

Reminder

In times of inclement weather or some

other unexpected emergency, it is

imperative that the school's staff be able to

contact you should there be an issue that

would cause the school to close.

Please keep your son or daughter's

Principal aware of any changes to

your address or telephone number(s). Provide

a cell phone number for emergency contact

information if at all possible.

Also, equally important, remember

to keep the inf irmary apprised

of any changes to your son's or daughter's

health issues, medications and any changes

to medications.

NJSD students and the students from TCNJ all connect with various cultures and it is not always just one.

Following the lecture, NJSD stu-dents taught small groups of TCNJ students some basic American Sign Language, such as their name, what year in school they are in, and their life goals. Both TCNJ and MK/NJSD students all seemed to enjoy this experience.

A campus tour followed this class visit and the NJSD students had the opportunity to see the campus and visit different buildings as well as a classroom and freshman dorm. Students were able to ask various questions about the campus and col-lege life. The day ended with lunch in recently renovated Eikoff Hall. Lunch here was like eating at a huge, fancy buffet!

NJSD students had an opportunity to tour the TCNJ campus including the classroom and dormitory areas for freshmen. One of the highlights was being able to teach some of the TCNJ students some basic sign language.

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On December 8, 2011, a group of MK/NJSD High School students visited The Col-lege of New Jersey with Mrs. Gerstacker, Mrs. Piunno-Smith and Ms. Osowski to participate in a discussion about culture during a Freshman Seminar class. Dr. Petroff, the professor of the Seminar, explained what culture is and asked the students what culture means to them. He asked the students what culture or cultures they feel they belong to such as Deaf or Hearing culture or other ethnic cultures. MK/NJSD students shared the various cultures connected to them.

Ryan Smith explained that he is part of both the Deaf and Hearing culture since some of his family is Deaf while others are hearing. Sunny Singh explained that while his deafness is part of a culture he belongs to, he felt more connected to his family’s religion and culture - Sikhism. Sunny explained that Sikhism combines the religious views of Muslim and Hinduism and it is not only a religious view but also a culture. At the end of the discussion, it was clear that MK/

Senior Citizen Luncheon

About 100 Senior MK/NJSD Alumnus came to the museum in Building #30, the old boys’ dormitory, on October 13th, 2011. Many senior alumni were amazed to see that the museum has expanded to more rooms and many pictures were added to the walls, as well as more artifacts added to the rooms. Their faces brightened as they started to tell stories about these artifacts. The pictures really had them telling more stories! They were very thrilled and pleased that there are so many pictures and artifacts at the museum. The alumni were so happy to see friends they hadn’t seen in ages! Tears flowed freely at this wonderful luncheon. At noontime, all the visitors walked to the Jochem Center for lunch and met with many more alumni.

During the luncheon, Superintendent, Dr. Angel Ramos stopped by and presented his story of his life growing up being deaf and his years at different schools. He also talked about what his plans are for MK/NJSD, as many alumni are concerned about the future of the school.

Edythe DeGregory, former Lower School teacher joined the group. Many may know her because her father, Mr. Harold Spector was the Greenhouse teacher and her uncle was the audi-

Pictures and Clothes

If anyone has any old NJSD/MKSD clothes , pictures, uniforms of any kind that you would like to donate to the museum, plea se contac t Phyl l i s Sparks at [email protected]. If you would like your pictures returned, a copy can be made and the original given back to you! Any donation would be greatly appreciated!

ologist, Mr. Leon Spector. Amazingly, Edythe did recognize and remember most of the alumnus. There were many happy memories to talk about with her! The luncheon finished with a beauti-fully decorated two-layered sheet cake, made by the High School students.

Everyone had a great time reminiscing with each other. After hugging and saying their good-byes, the seniors looked forward to returning for the Senior Citizen luncheon next year!

NJSD High School Students Visit The College of New Jersey

NJSD students participate in a discussion about culture during a Freshman Seminar class.

Above: Dr. Jerry Petroff (background) explains what culture is and asks students to explain what culture means to them.

Page Six Page Seven

The Student Corner

MallBy Timmy S

Into the mallUp the stairsDown the stairsInto the storeTowards the sale signLike the peopleNear the clothesBesides a girlOn the shelvesAgainst the wallUpon we waited

“MY DREAM”By Ryan S

During my sleepIn my dreamUpon a hill of snowOn a sledWith other competitorsDown the hill I goPast the houseThrough the treesTowards the finish lineWIN! WIN!At the end of the raceWhere I walked upTo receive my trophy with a big smile

HomeBy Nicole B

During the SunriseIn the Pajamas

On the bedOff the bed

Down the stair I walkedInto the kitchen

On the ovenInto the refrigerate

Behind the cabinet there a bowlOn the table I ate my breakfast

Around 9 amOff to work

Stray CatsBy Jacob D

Around my house there are four catsAlong with mom there are three kittens

Across the yard they run and jumpBeneath the AVT’s they sleep

On my skateboard ramp them eatFrom dawn to dusk they look for food

But my family can’t feed them fast enoughBy winter they will be fat

Christmas MorningBy Carmen Morales, First Grade

On Christmas mom woke me up. I saw many pres-

ents from Santa. I got a new coloring book and crayons.

Mommy cooked dinner. We ate cookies and pie.

Christmas By Allie, First Grade

My mom woke me up on Christmas morning. I saw

a Dora dancing game and gloves. We moved the table to

dance. My cousin and I had fun.

Christmas By Kallie, First Grade

Christmas morning daddy woke me up. Mommy,

daddy, and Joey walked down stairs. They were waiting

for me. Under the tree I saw a Dora lunch box. I had fun.

The 7th Grade Students Experiment With Live Brine Shrimp By: Kari B, Kassidy G, Greg LBackground:

Brine shrimp Is a primitive crustacean that seldom reaches more than 1⁄2

in. and is commonly used for fish food in aquariums. They can be found in huge

numbers in places like inland salt waters like the Great Salt Lake. Generally,

they compound eyes and tapered bodies with a trunk that bears 11 pairs of leaf

like legs. They can be hatched easily in saltwater and used for fish food; adult

brine shrimp are also used as food in aquariums and are generally sold frozen. Question: How Does Salt Affect the Ability of Brine Shrimp to Survive?Each student made a prediction based on the amount of salt in each cup.Predictions by the students:

• Some thought that cup B with (½ a teaspoon of salt) would grow

the most shrimp. • Some thought that cup C with more salt (1 teaspoon) would grow

the most shrimp.• All thought the water had to have salt since shrimp grow in the

salty water.

Results:After 5 days these were the results.• Cup B was the best….started with 8 living after 5 days

8 were still alive = 100%• Cup C…started with 5 living. After 5 days 4 were living = 80% living • Cup E…started with 8 living after 5 days 4 were still

living = 50% living• Cup D…started with 10 after 5 days 3 were still living = 30%

• Cup A ...no salt in the water. All dead after 2 days.Conclusion: The students learned that different salt solutions affect the ability

of brine shrimp to survive and thrive. Half a teaspoon was the perfect amount

of salt. One teaspoon was too much salt. No shrimp were able to live in the

water with no salt.