Maren VSAT

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REAPING THE BENEFITS OF SPACE VIA

SMALL SATELLITES

E-LEARNING THROUH „„V-SAT‟‟

BY

DANGUT, MAREN DAVIDE-LEARNING UNIT, NIGERIA SECURITY AND CIVIL

DEFENCE ACADEMY SAUKA ABUJA.



Abstract: • E-Learning through VSAT is convergence of technology, services and

knowledge base. This provides a facility and framework for Tele-Education and

enables the live classroom session to be broadcasted over the VSAT, WAN and

Internet communication channels. In the 21st Century, VSAT Satellite

Technology is one of the best technologies through which you can provide

qualitative and interactive e-learning . Hence, this paper covers how E learning

through VSAT works and, suggest ways as to how models of e-learning could be

extended to the rural and urban masses of Nigerian using powerful informationand communication technologies such as Satellite technology “VSAT”.

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Introduction • E-learning or Virtual Learning – Is The convergence of the Internet and learning,

or Internet enabled, learning is revolutionizing the way in which education is

imparted to students. It uses the satellite based network technologies to create,foster, deliver, and facilitate learning anytime and anywhere.

• It enables delivery of comprehensive, individualized, and dynamic learning content

in real time and aids in the development of communities of knowledgeable persons,

linking learners and practitioners with experts. E learning through VSAT network

consists of a

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Introduction cont.…

• HUB station, which is a satellite earth station and a Studio for video

broadcasting of the lectures. The HUB will interconnect the VSATs at

various geographical locations establishing the communication link in C

(4GHz - downlinking and 6GHz. - uplinking) or in Ku (12 GHz -

downlinking and 14 GHz - uplinking) bands.

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In the 21st Century, VSAT Satellite Technology is one of the best

technologies through which you can provide qualitative and interactive

distance education

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Virtual Tele ED™ • Virtual Tele ED™ is a combination of learning services and technology, using

VSAT to

• provide high value integrated learning at any time and any place. The Virtual

Tele-Ed Agent

• acts as a Teacher unit for presentation of the subject over the on-line. The

significant features

• are:

• − Support educational organization with any number of remote students

• − Distributed, reusable, and integrated learning and training

• − Integrated audio, video and data presentation in a live broadcast

• − Extensive multicasting capabilities through TCP/IP channels

• − Extensive synchronous and asynchronous collaboration tools for knowledge

sharing

• − A user -friendly interface and powerful data manipulation

• − Usable both in intranet and internet • − Comprehensive integrated support for richer communication

and activities

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E-Learning

The term e-learning covers a wide set of applications and processes including

computer based learning, Web based learning, Virtual Classroom and digital

collaboration. However, the term e learning is becoming widely accepted as a

substitute for online learning and web-based learning.

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WHY E-LEARNING THROUGH

VSAT?

− VSAT networks are easy to install and operate and network

expansion can be accomplished quickly and painlessly additional

VSAT earth stations (remote site terminals) can be added to the

network at any time, virtually on a plug-and-play basis.

− VSAT network operates at speeds from a few Kbps to many Mbps

easily supporting any mix of voice, data, video or facsimile services

that may be required, now or in the future.

• ETC………

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Strengths and Advantages of e Learning

e-Learning has become popular amongst educationists because of itsinherent strengths and advantages it provides to the institutions‟

instructional process. Some of these are:

♦ Access to educational resources from outside the institution on a

global and instant basis;

♦ Quick and easy way to create, update and revise course materials.♦ Increased and flexible interaction with student through e-mail and

discussion forums;

♦ Location and time independent delivery of course materials

such as course notes,

• diagrams, reading list, etc.;

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♦ Ability combine text, graphics and a limited amount of multimedia, enabling

instructional designers to prepare quality-learning materials.

♦ Increased learner control through hypertext based presentation of information;

♦ Opportunities for international, cross-culture and collaborative learning; and

Ability to serve a large number of students at a potentially reduced cost.

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What is VSAT? • VSAT is small, software driven equipment for the reliable

transmission of data, video or audio via satellite. It covers theentire spectrum of interactive distance learning from Synchronous

to Asynchronous, Classroom to Desktop PC based solutions and

high quality video over IP networks.

• VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) is a satellite

communications system that serves educational institutions andbusiness users

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A VSAT end user needs a box that interfaces between the user'scomputer and an outside antenna with a transceiver. The transceiver

receives or sends a signal to a satellite transponder in the sky. The

satellite sends and receives signals from an earth station computer

that acts as a hub for the system. Each end user is interconnected

with the hub station via the satellite in a star topology. For one end

user to communicate with another, each transmission has to first go

to the hub station which retransmits it via the satellite to the other

end user's VSAT. VSAT handles data, voice, and video signals.

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• VSAT technology represents a cost effective solution for usersseeking an independent communications network connecting a

large number of geographically dispersed sites.

• VSAT networks offer value-added satellite-based services

capable of supporting the Internet, data, LAN, voice/fax

communications, and can provide powerful, dependable privateand public network communications solutions.

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Quick

Installation

A satellite network can be installed in a matter of weeks, sinc

there are not countless miles of wire to be installed

Geography Versatile satellite networks provide the capability to span rain

forest, deserts and mountainous terrain, or connecting remote

island locations.

Bandwidth

Advantage

Satellite networks offer bandwidth advantages that provide a

bigger “Pipe” for transmitting Video, Voice and Data.

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Satellite

In general, a satellite is anything that orbits something else, as, for

example, the moon orbits the earth. In a communications context, a

satellite is a specialized wireless receiver/transmitter that is launched

by a rocket and placed in orbit around the earth. There are hundreds

of satellites currently in operation.

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Why Satellite?

As Internet traffic continues to grow at exponential rates worldwide,

Internet services providers (ISP's) everywhere are faced with the

challenge of keeping up with demand for network bandwidth and

developing creative solutions for squeezing more use out of existing

bandwidth. Satellite-based Internet connections are one of those

solutions.

VSAT has offered ISP's and telecommunications service providers

easily scalable, cost-effective Internet access.

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Key Benefits of Satellite

Faster installation

Better network performance

Lower network costs

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18



Remote Class Room

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20

HUB

Universities

Tele-Medicine

Hospitals

Tele-Education

Learning

Institutions

VSAT

Network



Remote Class / Teacher

BayNetwor ks

Internet

University Studio

Remote Class / Teacher Remote Class / Teacher

Tele-Education Delivery System• 5 Universities

• 53 remote Virtual

Classrooms

• Easily scalable



• Identification of Experts

• Content Development

• Content Generation• Content Workflow

• Content Deployment

• Delivery through

• e-Learning

• Tele-Education

•Digital Library

VSAT for Remote

Access, BROADBANDFIBRE OPTICS to

to connect major cities

WIRELESS for Last mile

Central HUB of all

Universities

• Coordinate

• Organize

• Schedule

• Broadcast

• Manage

• Maintain

• Infrastructure - Storage• Delivery through

•E-learning

•Tele-education

• Affiliated Colleges

• Study Centres

• Learning centres

• Individual Students

• Village Panchayat

Knowledge Centres

Beneficiaries

• Universities

• Other Institutions

• International

Institutions

CORE COMPETENCE

Online Tele-Education• Virtual Interaction

• Live sessions

• Effective Two way

communication

• Synchronized

Multimedia

• Collaboration

Remote Class rooms



Hub Station The hub station is the nodal point in the VSAT satellite

communication. It is a high performance earth station with an

antenna diameter of anything between 6 and 9m. The hub consists of a control center with redundant units to manage the network as well

as microwave equipment, including an outdoor antenna for the

transmission and reception of signals. Redundant units are connected

to switchover in case of failure. Substantial amounts of interfacing

equipment's are necessary to support the wide range of terrestrialinterfaces required at the hub. These equipment's are usually

mounted in several racks. Hub stations can also be shared between

several networks, resulting in a sharing of costs.

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Remote Center

• At the Remote end, a dish antenna, outdoor unit (microwave

electronics for terminal) and an indoor unit (for modulation,

demodulation, multiplexing, demultiplexing and synchronization)

are present. Remote terminals have now become very reliable,

with MTBFs of typically 25000 hours. Link availability is also

usually designed to be high, with an end-toend availability of

better than 99.7% being quite common.

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S tti f C i ti



Setting up of Communication

Center and Data Hub

• A Communication Center cum Data Hub will be set up at theUniversity campus or any at suitable location, from where the live

lecture transmission would be done to Remote Centers (colleges)

at various locations. The communication center is the nodal point

for all the electronic transaction between the host (University)

and agents (Remote colleges). For this,• very powerful servers with redundancy are set up with complete

software and network infrastructure. This Communication Center

will have a studio with control room and various audio and video

recording and editing equipment. The lecture transmission is

carried out with the help of Software. The Communication Centeror Studio room has the following Servers

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• − Control Server

• − Agent Server • − AV (Audio/Video) Streaming Server

• − Presentation Capture Server

• − Media Control Recording Server

• − Whiteboard Server

• − Text interaction Server

• − Live Voice Room Server

• − Private Voice Call server.

• The content is captured through various Servers and transmitted

to Remote Centers through VSAT, which are then received at theRemote Centers.

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Setting up of VSATs at

Remote Classroom

• The Remote Classroom is equipped with a good quality digital

video system and a large screen TV monitor in each classroom.

The video is used to enable students in the various locations to

view the live lectures conducted by the lecturers. Audio is

provided for the students to interact with the lecturers during the

live class sessions.

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E Learning Management



E-Learning Management

System

• The Learning Management System (LMS) is a tool using which astudent can manage information like personal information,

tracking of student schedules / timetable, personalizing the

student schedule using the personal organizer and most

importantly surfing the content that is uploaded on the network.

Each registered student is given a unique username and password

form, which he/she can access his/her own space from which the

various functions provided above, can be accessed. Since the

solution is a web-enabled solution the same can be

• accessed by the student even from their homes or any browsing

centre

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Challenges Of E-learning In Nigeria

• In spite of the bright prospect of e-learning in the country, there

are some obstacles militating against the effective use of the

technology in Nigeria. Some of these obstacles are;

• − High cost of hardware in Africa, which are substantially higher

than in the United States.

• − High import tariffs and less price competition.

• − Transmission cost is equally high in Africa.

• − Internet access in Africa is through a foreign gateway.

• − Shortage of skilled manpower.

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− Companies and institutions are reluctant to invest in training of

staff due to the likelihood that trained staff will be poached by other

institutions and companies.

− Computer technology illiteracy among the students from the

primary school level.

− Cost of acquiring installing the gadget required for e-learning.

− Incessant Power Supply − Lack of affordable dedicated/specialized e-learning centre

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RECOMMENDATIONS

− The accreditation team of the National University Commission (NUC) aswell as the

national Board for Technical Education (NBTE) should revise the syllabus of

the Nigerian University/polytechnics/secondary school to include virtual

courses that will be internet based.

− adequate info-tech facilities to the institutions of higher

learning in the country as well as primary and secondary school level.

− The institutions concern should be properly financed so as to be able to

compete with their other institutions abroad.

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• − Training of staff in the institution about the latest e-learning

tools.

• − Adequate power supply, employ use of solar panels to give

power to remote centers

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CONCLUSION • Now Educational Leaders has to think “Beyond Chalk and Talk”.

So start thinking about new ways of providing qualitative andinteractive education. “Change your self before they Change You”

• VSAT Technology has matured over years. With increase in

communication speeds up to many Mbps and reduction in antenna

size that can be easily mounted on rooftops or can be mounted from

ground, it is most trusted and best suitable for e-learning. Expansionof education network to newer areas is very easy by simply plugging

in new antennas at the sites. Virtual Tele ED™ is a complete E-

Learning solution through VSAT .

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Maren VSAT

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