Statistical Office in Rzeszow Marek Cierpiał-Wolan, PhD COHERENT RESEARCH SYSTEM FOR TRANSBORDER AREAS - CBC INDEX
Statistical Office in Rzeszow
Marek Cierpiał-Wolan, PhD
COHERENT RESEARCH SYSTEM
FOR TRANSBORDER AREAS -
CBC INDEX
COHERENT RESEARCH SYSTEM
FOR TRANSBORDER AREAS -
CBC INDEX
2
Why is transborder statistics so important for in-transition and post-transition
countries? It should deliver tools in order to measure phenomena tricky to estimate.
For countries with ongoing process of liberalisation of crossing the border (e.g. introduction
of
Shoengen zone).
Many information gaps pertaining socio-economic phenomena.
For countries where there is tightening of the rules of crossing the border.
Higher dynamics of socio-economic processes in transborder regions
and higher intensity of non-registered socio-economic phenomena.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES IN TRANSBORDER AREAS
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MONITORING of socio-economic phenomena in transborder areas on the basis of
administrative registers and statistical databases.
SAMPLE SURVEYS at the border and in the neighbourhood:
Questionnaire survey at the border
Survey of travelling foreigners in tourist accommodation establishments.
Household survey – e.g. modules concerning international tourism, unregistered work,
volume of unregistered purchase).
Survey of unregistered economy (e.g. market points, retail sales points), with the use of
experience of Gray Economy Research Centre.
MODULES OF TRANSBORDER SURVEYS
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Statistical information and elaborations:
Area and population in border areas by the European Union’s external border on the territory of Poland;
Vital statistic and migration of population in border areas by the European Union’s external border on the territory of Poland;
Entities of the national economy located in border areas by the European Union’s external border on the territory of Poland;
Labour market;
Tourism;
Health care;
Environmental protection.
Entities of the national economy per 1000 population in border area by voivodships and gminas in 2010
As of 31 III
MONITORING
The monitoring has been carried out on the website
since March 2008 at the address http://www.stat.gov.pl/rzesz/
I-VI 2005 I-VI 2006 I-VI 2007 I-VI 2008 I-VI 2009 I-VI 2010 I-VI 20110
50
100
150
200
250
POLAND
PODKARPACKIE VOIVODSHIP
Bieszczadzki
Jarosławski
Lubaczowski
Przemyski
Przemyśl city
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Powiats (LAU 1):
Dynamics of newly registered entities of the national economy in Podkarpackie Voivodship (I-VI 2005=100)
MONITORING
6
Dynamics of average employment (DG-1)(I-VII 2007=100)
I-VII 2007 I-VII 2008 I-VII 2009 I-VII 2010 I-VII 201194
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
Podkarpackie Voivodship border powiats
Data concern economic entities employing more than 9 persons. Podkarpackie voivodship – 1571, border powiats - 196
MONITORING
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Passenger border traffic at crossings at the EU’s external border in 2010
Purpose of the survey – obtaining
information about the expenses of
foreigners in Poland and Poles
abroad (scale and structure),
purpose of visit, distance from the
place of residence and place of
purchase from the border and
frequency of crossing the border. The
survey is conducted on 15 border
crossings.
SURVEY OF GOODS AND SERVICES TURNOVER IN BORDER TRAFFIC
POLAND
Podkarpackie
Obwódlwowski
RUSSIA
BELARUS
Mazowieckie
LITHUANIAObwódkaliningradzki
Warmińsko--mazurskie
LubelskieObwódwołyński
Obwódbrzeski
Obwódgrodzieński
Podlaskie
UKRAINE
Krościenko
Dorohusk
Sławatycze
Połowce
Bobrowniki
Korczowa
Hrebenne
Zosin
Czeremcha
Kuźnica
Bezledy Gołdap
Terespol
Gronowo
Braniewo
Przemyśl
Medyka
Białowieża
Rudawka
Foreigners Poles
Werchrata
Hrubieszów
Siemianówka
Kukuryki
GrzechotkiSkandawa
995,1
396,9
613,5
656,7
361,1
528,7
968,6
108,2
227,7
183,3151,0
511,6
2597,8
1660,7
1699,0
653,1
1640,0
2254,0
2051,6
1101,6
295,1
498,5
(thous. people)
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EXPENSES ON THE PURCHASE OF GOODS INCURRED BY FOREIGNERS IN POLAND AND POLES ABROAD WHO CROSSED THE EU’S EXTERNAL BORDER ON THE TERRITORY OF POLAND AS WELL AS FOREIGN TRADE TURNOVER IN 1ST HALF OF 2011
Ukraine
Belarus
Russia
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
41.2
9.3
10.8
277.8
173.4
38.0
Foreigners Poles
mln €
Countries:
Expenses:
Ukraine
Belarus
Russia
010203040
4.2
2.1
0.1
18.5
23.9
1.3
Foreigners expenses/export relationPoles expenses/import relation
%
Countries:
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DELIMITATION
DISTANCE FROM THE BORDER TO THE PLACE OF RESIDENCE OF POLES AND FOREIGNERS CROSSING THE EUROPEAN UNION’S BORDER ON THE TERRITORY OF POLAND
The highest number of
foreigners and Poles covered by
the survey was residing at the
distance of up to 50 km from the
border – around 74% and above
96% respectively, with almost
61% foreigners and 50% Poles
in the zone of up to 30 km.
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DELIMITATION
DISTANCE FROM THE BORDER TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE OF POLES AND FOREIGNERS CROSSING THE EUROPEAN UNION’S BORDER ON THE TERRITORY OF POLAND
The highest number of foreigners
and Poles was making purchase at
the distance of up to 50 km from
the border – around 71% and 96%
respectively. With almost 55%
foreigners and about 94% Poles
making purchase in the zone of up
to 30 km.
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Local delivering information for entrepreneurs in order to take effective decisions
concerning setting up firms or branches in transborder areas (e.g. Korczowa Dolina – modern distribution-trading complex located 2.5 km from the Ukrainian border, within the limits of the Polish-Ukrainian visa-free traffic zone, important trading hub in the region),
delivering information for local authorities in order to facilitate development of entrepreneurship and improvement of infrastructure (e.g. local tax reliefs, designation of additional lands for economic activity);
Regional delivering information to self-government and government institutions in order to
lead politics increasing the competitiveness of a region (awareness of large scale economic activity in transborder areas makes this domain an important element of regional development strategies);
National delivering information which influence Balance of Payments consistency;
International delivering information which enable taking common or compatible decisions on
both sides of the border (e.g. new border crossings, legislation on Local Border Traffic, infrastructural investments).
MULTIDIMENTIONAL NATURE OF COHERENT RESEARCH SYSTEMFOR TRANSBORDER AREAS
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MODELLING OF PROCESSES IN TRANSBORDER AREAS
Taxonomic measure of development – towards transborder index
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
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TAXONOMIC METHOD - SELECTION OF PARTIAL INDICATORS
Indicators NUTS 2
1. Population per 1 sq km2. Population at age 15-64 in % of total population3. Net migration per 1000 population 4. Infant deaths per 1000 live births 5. Natural increase per 1000 population 6. Students per 1000 population7. Doctors per 10 thousand population 8. Average monthly gross wages and salaries9. Entities of national economy per 10 thousand population 10. Gross domestic expenditures on R&D per 1000 population11. Number of beds per 1000 population12. Number of foreign tourists per 1000 population13. Tourist traffic intensity index by Charvat14. Percentage of employed persons in market services 15. Employed persons per 1000 population16. Dwellings completed per 1000 population 17. Unemployment rate18. Gross Domestic Product per capita19. Area of national and landscape parks in % of grand total area of unit20. Emission of particulate pollutants from plants generating substantial air pollution per 1 sq km21. Emission of gaseous pollutants from plants generating substantial air pollution per 1sq km22. Forest cover in %
(LAU 1):
SLOVAKIA
PODKARPACKIE
POLAND
MAŁOPOLSKIE
VOLYN OBLAST
LVIV OBLAST
IVANO-FRANKIVSKOBLAST
ZAKARPATTIA OBLAST
UKRAINE
LUBELSKIE
STREDNÉ SLOVENSKO
ŚLĄSKIE
VÝCHODNÉ SLOVENSKO
VOLYN OBLASTIVANO-FRANKIVSK OBLAST
LUBELSKIE VOIVODSHIP
VÝCHODNÉ SLOVENSKOSTREDNÉ SLOVENSKOŚLĄSKIE VOIVODSHIPMAŁOPOLSKIE VOIVODSHIP
PODKARPACKIE VOIVODSHIP
LVIV OBLASTZAKARPATTIA OBLAST
0,629
0,2090,2220,2360,3290,3350,3920,4080,4390,492
REGION TMRi
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TAXONOMIC MEASURE OF DEVELOPMENT (NUTS 2)
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TAXONOMIC MEASURE OF DEVELOPMENT (LAU 1)
Z am ość
R zeszó w
Lu b l in
Tych y
C zęs to ch ow a
Tarno brze g
C h e łm
N o w y S ącz
B ia ła P o d la ska
B rezn o
Z ilina
P reso v
K os ice--o ko lie
R o zn ava
Tre b iso v
B ard e jo v
H u m en ne
S vidn ik
B anska B ys trica
B anska S travn ica
POLAND
SLOVAKIA
P rzem yś l
P oprad
Tarnó wK rakó w
K rosn o
0,147 - 0,070
0,247 - 0,148
0,347 - 0,248
0,447 - 0,348
0,548 - 0,448
Lp. REGION TMRi1. Liptovský Mikuláš (SK) 0,5482. Poprad (SK) 0,5063. powiat tatrzański (PL) 0,5014. Kraków (PL) 0,3735. Krupina (SK) 0,3306. Jaremcze (UA) 0,3297. powiat leski (PL) 0,3268. powiat cieszyński (PL) 0,3259. Ružomberok (SK) 0,312
10. Tvrdošin (SK) 0,310.... ..................... ............
232. Radziechów (UA) 0,044233. Lokachi (UA) 0,042234. Busk (UA) 0,040235. Horodenka (UA) 0,038236. Horokhiv (UA) 0,037237. Turka (UA) 0,033238. Turiis'k (UA) 0,032239. Żydaczów (UA) 0,031240. Przemyślany (UA) 0,008241. Rohatyn (UA) -0,013
AHP allows one to assess the validity of the factors affecting the development of local units (strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats), to determine their synthetic assessments of internal and external conditions, and on this basis, to identify the types of developmental units.
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ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Types of strategies
1. Aggressive strategy (maxi-maxi) is created for areas where strengths and opportunities prevail in their environment. This is a strategy of strong expansion and diversified development.
2. Conservative strategy (maxi-mini) is based on the large internal potential but must also attempt to overcome the threats from the outside.
3. Competitive strategy (mini-maxi) is created for areas where strengths overweigh weaknesses, and the layout of external conditions is favorable.
4. Defensive strategy (mini-mini) is created for areas where there are fewer developmental opportunities than in areas belonging to other strategies. These areas exist in less favourable surroundings and their potential for growth is weaker. This strategy is mainly to provide them such a position that is currently in the country and minimize risks and weaknesses occurring within the area.
5. Mixed strategy for other areas that do not have clear strengths and weaknesses mix strategy is created.
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-0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
stredne slovensko
vychodne slovensko
zakarpacki
iwano-frankowski
lwowski
wołyński
śląskie
małopolskie
podkarpackie
lubelskie
stredne slovensko
vychodne slovensko
zakarpacki
iwano-frankowskilwowskiwołyński
śląskie
małopolskie
podkarpackie
lubelskie
Aggressive strategyCompetitive strategy
Traditional strategyDefensive strategy
Opportunities
Threats
Mixed strategy
StrengthsW
eakn
esse
s
AHP METHOD (NUTS 2)
-0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Czop
Użgorod
Luts'k
Lokachi
Kovel'
Horokhiv
Volodymyr-Volyns'kyi
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Aggressive strategy
Competitive strategy
Traditional strategyDefensive strategy
Wea
knes
ses S
trengths
Opportunities
Threats
AHP METHOD (LAU 1)
Użgorod
Volodymyr-Volyns'kyi
Liuboml'
Luts'k
Ivanych Mixed strategy
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AHP METHOD (NUTS 2)
SLOVAKIA
PODKARPACKIE
POLAND
MAŁOPOLSKIE
VOLYN OBLAST
LVIV OBLAST
IVANO-FRANKIVSKOBLASTZAKARPATTIA
OBLAST
UKRAINE
LUBELSKIE
STREDNÉ SLOVENSKO
ŚLĄSKIE
VÝCHODNÉ SLOVENSKO
Strategy:mixedaggressive
competitive
defensive
traditional
SLOVAKIA
PODKARPACKIE
POLAND
MAŁOPOLSKIE
UKRAINE
LUBELSKIE
STREDNÉ SLOVENSKO
ŚLĄSKIE
VÝCHODNÉ SLOVENSKO
VOLYN OBLAST
LVIV OBLAST
IVANO-FRANKIVSKOBLAST
ZAKARPATTIAOBLAST
Zamość
Tarnów
Przemyśl
Rzeszów
Krosno
Lublin
Tychy
Częstochowa
Tarnobrzeg
Chełm
Nowy Sącz
Biała Podlaska
Brezno
PopradZilina
Presov
Roznava
Bardejov
Humenne
Svidnik
Banska Bystrica
Banska Stravnica
Strategy:mixedaggressive
competitive
defensive
traditional
Kraków
POLAND
SLOVAKIA
Trebisov
Kosice--okolie
Zamość
Przemyśl
Rzeszów
Lublin
Tychy
Częstochowa
Tarnobrzeg
Chełm
Nowy Sącz
Biała Podlaska
Brezno
PopradZilina
Presov
Kosice--okolie
Roznava
Trebisov
Bardejov
Humenne
Svidnik
Banska Bystrica
Banska Stravnica
TarnówKraków
Krosno
POLAND
SLOVAKIA
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Directions for creating a coherent research system:
determination of the specificity and creation of a typology of border areas:
specification of the most important endogenous and exogenous
factors affecting the economy and regional development (entrepreneurship,
labour market, exchange rates, price levels, environmental protection, living conditions, migration,
tourism, etc.),
clustering of border crossings and border areas in terms of similarity.
SUMMARY
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inventory of information resources of official statistics;
use of extra-statistical sources of information (e.g.mobile telephone operators, travel
agencies, regional offices – permits to work issued for foreigners, foreign administrative sources);
combining information from the registers and sample surveys;
preparing methodological reports (e.g. for CBC Index – choosing of spatial units, selecting of
variables and methods) ;
cooperation between countries in:
conducting joint research;
creating a uniform information infrastructure (knowledge base on transborder areas);
undertaking initiatives, preparation and implementation of projects with the use of the EU’s funds.
SUMMARY (cont.)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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