Marcus Garvey “Africa for the Africans”

Marcus Garvey“Africa for the Africans”

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Power point create by Robert L. MartinezPrimary Content Source: Speaking of America: Vol. II, Laura A. Belmonte

• Marcus Garvey led the first large-scale black nationalist movement in U.S. history.

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• Born in Jamaica, Garvey left school at the age of fourteen and worked as a printer.

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He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, a fraternal organization to promote black business

and identity.

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• Enraged by the racial unrest of the World War I era, Garvey embraced racial

separation.

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• He used his powerful oratorical skills to advocate black racial pride and economic

self-sufficiency.

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• Drawing as many as 2 million members, he established UNLA chapters in several U.S.

cities.

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• To finance and strengthen his movement, Garvey launched black-owned restaurants, stores, laundries, a hotel, and a toy factory

that manufactured black dolls.

Black newspaper began by Marcus Garvey

http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/negroworld/mission.html

• In 1919, he incorporated the Black Star Line, a shipping company for transporting

blacks between America and Africa.

Yarmouth, first ship in the Black Star liner fleet.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Star_Line

Garvey hosted an international UNLA conference attended by delegates from

twenty-five nations.

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• But Garvey’s successes proved short-lived. In 1922, following allegations of mail fraud in the Black Star operation. Garvey

received a five-year prison term.

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• After serving two years, his sentence was commuted by President Calvin Coolidge.

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President Calvin Coolidge

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• In 1927, Garvey was deported as an undesirable alien and never returned to

the United States.

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• Sometimes criticized, Garvey’s ideas profoundly affected future generations of

black activists, including Malcolm X.

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• “Africa for Africans…the negro peoples of the world should concentrate…building up for themselves a great nation in Africa.”

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• “It is a question of a few more years when Africa will be completely colonized by Negroes, as Europe is by the white race…What we want is an independent African nationality…”

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• “It is hoped that when the time comes…the brotherly co-operation which will make the interest of the African native and the American and West Indian Negro one and the same…”

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• “… that is to say, we shall enter into a common partnership to build up Africa in the interest of our race.”

- Marcus Garvey New York, April 18, 1922

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