March 31, 2015 Ad Jeuken, Simone van Schijndel Deltares Flood early warning systems improve preparedness
March 31, 2015
Ad Jeuken, Simone van Schijndel
Deltares
Flood early warning systems
improve preparedness
Content
• Early warning systems
• Delft –FEWS
• Purpose, characteristics
• Elements
• Example application
• Benefits
Flood Risk Management
Structural vs Non-Structural approach
Traditional approach to flood risk
management – structural
measures
State-of-the-art – more holistic
approach, considering both
structural and non-structrural
approaches
Flood forecasting and warning is
one of the most important non-
structural approaches
Courtesy Micha Werner
UN ISDR Guidelines for the reduction of flood losses
The operation of a flood warning and response system is the most effective method for reducing the risk of loss of life and economic losses
Deltares & (flow) forecasting
Detection Warning Response
Forecasting
Simulation
Deltares
• Hydrology in real-time; integrator of complex information to provide decision makers
with a platform to take qualitatively good decisions on floods, droughts &
operational management
• Water quality (incl. spills) and ecology (e.g. algae blooms)
• Levee strength
• (Scenario & design studies)
Deltares & (hydrological) forecasting
Detection Warning Response
Forecasting
Simulation
Deltares
• Hydrology in real-time; integrator of complex information to provide decision makers
with a platform to take qualitatively good decisions on floods, droughts &
operational management
• Water quality (incl. spills) and ecology (e.g. algae blooms)
• Levee strength
• (Scenario & design studies)
Delft FEWS Open Shell Forecasting System
Delft FEWS Open Shell Forecasting System
Data
Hydraulic and hydrological models
Advanced subgrid
modelling
Coastal
modelling
Fluvial
modelling
DELFT FEWS – flood forecasting shell
Philosophy
• Framework for organisation for the flood forecasting process
• Integration of (complex) data from several sources - present single
source to forecaster
• Provides general functional utilities
• Open interface to models used for forecasting
• Dissemination of results
• Delft FEWS is an open system – joint development approach
Delft-FEWS • import
• validation • transformation / interpolation
• data hierarchy
• general adapter
• export / report
• administration (data, forecasts) • viewing (data, forecasts)
• archiving
• …
data feeds
models
export &
dissemination
PI
imp
ort
> 150 formats for data import
Integrating forecast models
Delft FEWS independent of model - Key to philosophy of Delft FEWS
• Existing models available – used operationally – maintain
investment (i.e. SOBEK, HEC-RAS, URBS)
• No model available – choose models from wide range –
consider suitability & available knowledge base
• New models from academia – fast track science to operations
•DELFT-FEWS
Model Type Supplier/Owner Country
ISIS 1D Hydrodynamic HR/Halcrow UK
Flux 1D Hydrodynamics Scietec Austria
DELFT3D 2/3D Hydrodynamics/ Water quality Deltares Netherlands
TWAM 2D Hydrodynamics PlanB UK
DELFT-3D 2D-3D Hydrodynamics Deltares Netherlands
Modflow96/VKD 3D groundwater Deltares/Adam Taylor Netherlands/UK
BASEFLOW Baseflow Simulation NWS USA
CHANLOSS Channel loss Simulation NWS USA
CONSUSE Consumptive use of River Simulation NWS USA
Grid2Grid Distributed Hydrologic Model CEH UK
REW Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Deltares Netherlands
Vflo Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Vieux & Assiciates USA
PCRASTER Dynamic Modelling Software University Utrecht Netherlands
ARMA Error Correction CEH UK
PRTF Event Based RR PlanB UK
GLACIER Glacier simulation NWS USA
HEC-RAS Hydrodynamic USACE USA
SynHP Hydrodynamics BfG Germany
Mike11 Hydrodynamics DHI Denmark
SOBEK Hydrodynamics, Water Quality, RR Deltares Netherlands
SOBEK-2d Linked 1d/2d inundation modelling Deltares Netherlands
RSNELEV Rain Snow Elevation Simulation NWS USA
PDM Rainfall-Runoff CEH UK
TCM Rainfall-Runoff CEH UK
Sacramento Rainfall-Runoff Deltares Netherlands
NAM Rainfall-Runoff DHI Denmark
MCRM Rainfall-Runoff EA UK
Wageningen model Rainfall-Runoff Haskoning Netherlands
SAC-SMA Rainfall-Runoff NWS USA
API-CONT Rainfall-Runoff NWS USA
SACSMATH Rainfall-Runoff NWS USA
TOPKAPI Rainfall-Runoff Univ. of Bologna Italy
PRMS Rainfall-Runoff Univ. of Karlsruhre Germany
HBV Rainfall-Runoff (inc snowmelt) SHMI Sweden
URBS Rainfall-runoff and hydrological routing Don Caroll Australia
rtcModule Reservoir Simulation Deltares Netherlands
SSARRESV Reservoir Simulation NWS USA
RESSNGL Reservoir Simulation NWS USA
HEC-ResSim Reservoir Simulation USACE USA
LAG/K Routing (hydrological) NWS USA
SARROUTE Routing (hydrological) NWS USA
KW Routing (kinematic wave) CEH UK
DODO Routing (layered Muskingum) EA UK
LAYCOEF Routing Model NWS USA
MUSKROUT Routing Model NWS USA
LAYCOEF Routing model NWS USA
TATUM Routing Model NWS USA
PACK Snow Melt CEH UK
Snow17 Snow Melt NWS USA
TRITON Surge propagation/Overtopping PlanB UK
STF Transfer functions EA UK
Unit-HG Unit-Hydrograph NWS USA
SWMM Urban Rainfall-Runoff USGS USA
RIBASIM Water distribution + Reservoir Deltares Netherlands
Model Type Supplier/Owner Country
ISIS 1D Hydrodynamic HR/Halcrow UK
Flux 1D Hydrodynamics Scietec Austria
DELFT3D 2/3D Hydrodynamics/ Water quality Deltares Netherlands
TWAM 2D Hydrodynamics PlanB UK
DELFT-3D 2D-3D Hydrodynamics Deltares Netherlands
Modflow96/VKD 3D groundwater Deltares/Adam Taylor Netherlands/UK
BASEFLOW Baseflow Simulation NWS USA
CHANLOSS Channel loss Simulation NWS USA
CONSUSE Consumptive use of River Simulation NWS USA
Grid2Grid Distributed Hydrologic Model CEH UK
REW Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Deltares Netherlands
Vflo Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Vieux & Assiciates USA
PCRASTER Dynamic Modelling Software University Utrecht Netherlands
ARMA Error Correction CEH UK
PRTF Event Based RR PlanB UK
GLACIER Glacier simulation NWS USA
HEC-RAS Hydrodynamic USACE USA
SynHP Hydrodynamics BfG Germany
Mike11 Hydrodynamics DHI Denmark
SOBEK Hydrodynamics, Water Quality, RR Deltares Netherlands
SOBEK-2d Linked 1d/2d inundation modelling Deltares Netherlands
RSNELEV Rain Snow Elevation Simulation NWS USA
PDM Rainfall-Runoff CEH UK
TCM Rainfall-Runoff CEH UK
Sacramento Rainfall-Runoff Deltares Netherlands
NAM Rainfall-Runoff DHI Denmark
MCRM Rainfall-Runoff EA UK
Wageningen model Rainfall-Runoff Haskoning Netherlands
SAC-SMA Rainfall-Runoff NWS USA
API-CONT Rainfall-Runoff NWS USA
SACSMATH Rainfall-Runoff NWS USA
TOPKAPI Rainfall-Runoff Univ. of Bologna Italy
PRMS Rainfall-Runoff Univ. of Karlsruhre Germany
HBV Rainfall-Runoff (inc snowmelt) SHMI Sweden
URBS Rainfall-runoff and hydrological routing Don Caroll Australia
rtcModule Reservoir Simulation Deltares Netherlands
SSARRESV Reservoir Simulation NWS USA
RESSNGL Reservoir Simulation NWS USA
HEC-ResSim Reservoir Simulation USACE USA
LAG/K Routing (hydrological) NWS USA
SARROUTE Routing (hydrological) NWS USA
KW Routing (kinematic wave) CEH UK
DODO Routing (layered Muskingum) EA UK
LAYCOEF Routing Model NWS USA
MUSKROUT Routing Model NWS USA
LAYCOEF Routing model NWS USA
TATUM Routing Model NWS USA
PACK Snow Melt CEH UK
Snow17 Snow Melt NWS USA
TRITON Surge propagation/Overtopping PlanB UK
STF Transfer functions EA UK
Unit-HG Unit-Hydrograph NWS USA
SWMM Urban Rainfall-Runoff USGS USA
RIBASIM Water distribution + Reservoir Deltares Netherlands
•Model
•Adapter
•Generic Module Adapter
•XML
•Native format
•Native format •Model
Sharing Tools…
> 50 models of different nature
Services offered by Delft FEWS
Import & Export
Validation & Interpolation (temporal & spatial)
Transformation
Model execution (manual, automatic, ensemble)
What-if scenarios & modifiers
Error correction & updating
Performance indicators
Flood mapping
Display (times series, longitudinal, spatial, schematic)
Configuration management
Web reporting
Archiving (Matroos/OpenEarth)
Calibration (OpenDA)
Verification
Delft FEWS – Client Server System
• Servers hosted centrally
• Client access through internet/intranet
• Central servers & distributed clients
• FEWS Scotland
FSS
OCMC
LDSAI
central database
master controller
forecasting shell(s)
operator client
admin interface
server client
central databasecentral databasecentral database
master controllermaster controllermaster controller
forecasting shell(s)forecasting shell(s)
operator clientoperator clientoperator client
admin interfaceadmin interfaceadmin interface
server client
Resilient system for operational forecasting
Platform for operational research, independent of operating system
Fully configurable by (super)users and very scalable
Short cycle from research to operations
Philosophy
• Extension done in co-operation between Deltares & client (& third parties)
• Available to FEWS – available to the FEWS community
• Joint development approach
• FEWS User Community to share developments
• Bringing together all stakeholders in the forecasting process
Free software → central role for user community !!
• Delft FEWS • Open Shell Forecasting
System
Providing the forecaster an interface to data…
Simple graphical user interface
Self explanatory
Key features
• GIS Based
• Overview of data & status
FEWS Scotland – flood status in several catchments, January 2008
FEWS Donau (Austria) – Graphs at key stations
Data visualisation and editing – Graphical data
Powerful graphical tools for viewing time series data
Point time series
Longitudinal profiles (animated)
Editing capabilities – copy to-from e.g. Excel
Historical event at Torwinny, Scotland
Longitudinal Display
Data visualisation – Spatial Data
• Present data spatially
• Animated inundation maps
• Regular and curved gridded products
Data visualisation – Schematic
• ‘simple’ schematic displays with status information
• Overview as well as detailed information
• Example: gate openings
Integration of data
Interfaces to data sources
• Supports standards in data exchange formats: GRIB, NetCDF, etc.
• Data exchange with HIMS (e.g. WISKI, HYMOS)
• Plugin-technology to extend integration of data formats
• Source code of plugin architecture available on Delft-FEWS Wiki
• Emerging standards: WaterML – OpenGIS standard for exchange
of hydrological data (USGS, NWS, CUAHSI)
Using and displaying probabilistic data
Delft FEWS database model is inherently ensemble aware
• Import ensemble data (e.g. ECMWF, COSMO-LEPS)
• Run models for ensemble members
• results
• statistical summary
• verification
FEWS-CH:
COSMO-LEPS Forecast for 31-05-2007 00:00 UTC
FEWS-CH:
SRNWP-PEPS Forecast for 31-05-2007 00:00 UTC
Further development & extension
Some current developments
• Dealing with uncertainties
• Verification system (prognostic)
• Calibration
• Real-time control of reservoirs
• Water Quality forecasting
• Temperature forecasting
• Data assimilation techniques (OpenDA.org)
Philosophy
• Extension done in co-operation between Deltares & client (& third parties)
• Available to FEWS – available to the FEWS community
• Joint development approach
• FEWS User Community to share developments
• Bringing together all stakeholders in the forecasting process
Summary
Delft FEWS provides a state of the art forecasting shell
• tailored to suit specific needs
• enables forecasting organisations to take ownership & extend
• provides wide range of functionality for data transformation, interpolation, validation etc.
• open to models & data
• open to extending functionality through plug-ins & services
Potential
• small scale applications – water boards
• administrative areas (regions)
• multi-national (large river basins, basin organisations)
Some figures for Delft-FEWS
An estimated guess: between 250 and 350 people in the world work
on a day-to-day base with Delft-FEWS
Delft-FEWS is being used in over 30 countries with over 50 unique
apllications
Since 2003 our users have invested over 40 M€ in the development of
the system and its use. This investment covers:
• configuration of the system for each individual client
• research in operational water management and forecasting
• software development
• training (Deltares staff, client, intermediairies)
18 User Days (8 NL and 10 International)
Community portal with 500 registered users and >200 downloads
Deltares in the Delft-FEWS community
guard philosophy and guarantee robust and stable software
initiate new ideas and connect people
coordinate developments
facilitate new developments
provide releases on a regular basis
provide detailed information on new developments
provide documentation
provide training & courses
provide third parties with Delft-FEWS and train them
cooperate with third parties on new developments
Deltares’ role in community
Examples of collaboration at a national level
Bringing together hydrologists and meteorologists (and other stakeholders)
• National Flood Forecasting System in the UK
• Fluvial and coastal forecasting, development Flood Forecasting Centre, implementation of the G2G model in a FEWS environment
• National Weather Service, Community Hydrological Prediction System (CHPS) in the USA
• Independent RFC’s, but centralized tool development, migration from current NWSRFS to Delft-FEWS
• RWsOS, the approach at the Water Management Centre Netherlands
• a harmonised forecasting system covering all national fluvial and coastal waters in the Netherlands
• HyFS, a national flow forecasting system for Australia
• From a distributed approach to a more centralised approach, with an outlook towards storm surge forecasting
National Flood Forecasting System (NFFS)
•Environment Agency for England & Wales
•Flood warning responsibility
• rivers
• coasts
•1.6 million people at risk
•Wide variety of catchments
•Flooding happens regularly
•Implementation 2003-06
•Harmonisation of 8 regions with 8 different systems &
procedures
•Complex hydrological methods and procedures…
• > 20 different model types
• > 2000 forecasting locations
Community Hydrological Prediction System
The Community Hydrologic Prediction System
(CHPS) will enable NOAA’s water research, development
enterprise and operational service delivery infrastructure
to be integrated and leveraged with other federal water
agency activities, academia, and the private sector
• greater ease in implementing new models
• greater collaboration with agency partners, universities,
international community
SNOW model displays
CHPS deployed across all 13 River Forecast
Centres (projected)
Migrated from current NWSRFS with > 10000
calibrated models
Operational Flow Forecasting at RWS
• Historically organised in Fresh water (rivers) and Salt water (Sea)
systems
• Many different groups are responsible for forecasting (HMCN,
HMCZ, SVSD, WDIJ, Hoogwatergroep, Infocentrum, ..)
• In 2009 a harmonisation project started to optimize and harmonise
the forecasting centres and the dissemination of forecasts
From: Marc Philippart (RWS)
• National Flood Forecasting system for the Bureau of Meteorology
• Migration of existing systems (Peak-Heights, URBS)
• Use of new modelling techniques
• Challenge: one system for 7 regions
• Challenge: add new “research” products
• Challenge: migrate towards a centralised approach
Hydrological Forecasting System in Australia
What’s in it for us and for you?
Relationship with key players allows us to advance Delft-FEWS continuously
Direct involvement in client’s research projects and technology advances
Long-term committment from clients, both in resources and ideas, to support sustainable Delft-FEWS product management
Robust product that is being continuously improved
Access to other Delft-FEWS users around the world; User days (30 & 31 October 2013) and Community Portal (www.delft-fews.com)
Continuity in development of the product
“In the US, Delft-FEWS ties us together as a nation”
Quote from Scott Lindsey from RFC Alaksa, USA
Some conditions for success
Acceptation of a new approach in organisation is often not straight forward, so
an iterative proces is essential
Water expertise, organisational aspects, software and ICT are equally important and need to be addressed in an intergrated approach
Start implementation only after having full commitment
Implementation team…
• respresentation from all groups directly involved
• small team with focus
• team members need to be able to take decisions
Planning to be set in stone
Start thinking about support & maintenance in the early stages of the project