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1. Scientific Method And much more! Mrs. Gall, March 29, 2010
Weston Preparatory Academy
2. The Scientific Method
Link the process of a police investigation of a car accident
with the stages of the scientific method.
3.
Observation/collection
Hypothesis
Experiments/tests
Interpret/revise hypothesis
Conclusion
4.
Observation/collection
The investigator examines the crime scene and fills out a
report.
5.
Observation/collection
Hypothesis
Experiments/tests
Interpret/revise hypothesis
Conclusion
6.
Hypothesis
The investigator imagines several likely scenarios that may
have led to to the accident. Maybe the driver was intoxicated, fell
asleep or was speeding; maybe mechanical failure or bad weather
conditions.
7.
Observation/collection
Hypothesis
Experiments/tests
Interpret/revise hypothesis
Conclusion
8.
Experiments/tests
The investigator might order a blood alcohol level test; check
the car parts, test drive the car in different weather conditions
to replicate the skid marks left by the car.
9.
Observation/collection
Hypothesis
Experiments/tests
Interpret/revise hypothesis
Conclusion
10.
Interpret/revise hypothesis
The investigator must reexamine evidence and possibly revise
his hypothesis. The evidence may be inconclusive.
11.
Observation/collection
Hypothesis
Experiments/tests
Interpret/revise hypothesis
Conclusion
12.
Conclusion
The investigator goes to court, reexamines the evidence, and
defends his theory of how the accident occurred.
13. The Scientific Method
Observation/collection
Hypothesis
Experiments/tests
Interpret/revise hypothesis
Conclusion
14. Monday, March 29, 2010
CHEMISTRY. Warmup: Survey: How many of the assigned conversions
did you attempt? How many did you complete with confidence?
Scientific Method Review.
Lab Assignment: Compare survey results to actual performance on
this weekends mole conversion problems. Groups formulate a
hypothesis, graph data, etc.
Homework: Complete Conclusion and Analysis; plan to present
completed lab in class tomorrow. All teams will discuss lab and
quality; all will include commentary on our discussions in the
final draft analysis due Weds.
15. Monday, March 29, 2010
PHYSICAL SCIENCE . Warmup: In your own words, explain how heat
is transferred in each of the three methods (convection,
conduction, radiation) from a fireplace.
Notes: convection, conduction, radiation
Homework: Create a lab: demonstration of convection,
conduction, or radiation for the classroom. Groups of 2 3 students
(assigned). ROUGH DRAFT IS DUE TOMORROW, PLAN TO PRESENT YOUR
PROGRESS IN CLASS.
16. CONDUCTION
A thermal infrared image of a coffee cup filled with a hot
liquid. Notice the rings of color showing heat traveling from the
hot liquid through the metal cup. You can see this in the metal
spoon as well. This is a good example of conduction.
17. CONDUCTION
Conduction occurs when two object at different temperatures are
in contact with each other.
Heat flows from the warmer to the cooler object until they are
both at the same temperature.
You experience heat transfer by conduction whenever you touch
something that is hotter or colder than your skin e.g. when you
wash your hands in warm or cold water.
18. CONDUCTION
Conduction is the movement of heat through a substance by the
collision of molecules.
At the place where the two objects touch, the faster-moving
molecules of the warmer object collide with the slower moving
molecules of the cooler object. As they collide, the faster
molecules give up some of their energy to the slower molecules. The
slower molecules gain more thermal energy and collide with other
molecules in the cooler object. This process continues until heat
energy from the warmer object spreads throughout the cooler
object.
Some substances conduct heat more easily than others. Solids
are better conductor than liquids and liquids are better conductor
than gases. Metals are very good conductors of heat, while air is
very poor conductor of heat.
19. CONVECTION
This thermal infrared image shows hot oil boiling in a pan. The
oil is transferring heat out of the pan by convection. Notice the
hot (yellow) centers of rising hot oil and the cooler outlines of
the sinking oil.
Image courtesy of K.-P. Mllmann and M. Vollmer, University of
Applied Sciences Brandenburg/Germany.
20. CONVECTION
In liquids and gases, convection is usually the most efficient
way to transfer heat.
Convection occurs when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to
cooler areas in the liquid or gas.
As this happens, cooler liquid or gas takes the place of the
warmer areas which have risen higher.
This cycle results in a continuous circulation pattern and heat
is transferred to cooler areas.
21. CONVECTION
You see convection when you boil water in a pan.
The bubbles of water that rise are the hotter parts of the
water rising to the cooler area of water at the top of the
pan.
You have probably heard the expression "Hot air rises and cool
air falls to take its place" this is a description of convection in
our atmosphere.
Heat energy is transferred by the circulation of the air.
22. RADIATION
A thermal infrared image of the center of our galaxy. This heat
from numerous stars and interstellar clouds traveled about 24,000
light years (about 150,000,000,000,000,000 miles!) through space by
radiation to reach our infrared telescopes
23. RADIATION
Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not rely upon
any contact between the heat source and the heated object.
For example, we feel heat from the sun even though we are not
touching it.
Heat can be transmitted though empty space by thermal
radiation.
Thermal radiation (often called infrared radiation) is a type
of electromagnetic radiation (or light).
Radiation is a form of energy transport consisting of
electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of light.
No mass is exchanged and no medium is required.
24. HEAT TRANSFER
Heat can be transferred from one place to another by three
methods: conduction in solids, convection of fluids (liquids or
gases), and radiation through anything that will allow radiation to
pass.
The method used to transfer heat is usually the one that is the
most efficient.
If there is a temperature difference in a system, heat will
always move from higher to lower temperatures.
25. YOUR HOMEWORK: CREATE A CLASSROOM ACTIVITY
DUE TOMORROW
BRING MATERIALS
BRING A DETAILED PROCEDURE
IDENTIFY THE ONE CONCEPT THE ACTIVITY WILL TEACH: CONDUCTION,
CONVECTION, OR RADIATION
HAVE TWO QUESTIONS TO TEST THE STUDENTS UNDERSTANDING
YOU WILL GIVE YOUR LAB AND MATERIALS TO ANOTHER GROUP. THEY
WILL DO YOUR ACTIVITY AND EXPLAIN WHAT THEY LEARNED BY ANSWERING
THE QUESTIONS. SELECT GROUPS MAY PRESENT THEIR ACTIVITY TO THE
CLASS.