Marcelo Raffaelli Cesar

Marcelo Raffaelli Cesar ENG-P103-4: Taking Charge ENG-P104-4: Discovery and Challenges MTH-P101-4: Arithmetic and Personal Finances

Contact information!

[email protected] 514-998-0744 www.marceloenglish.weebly.com – Class website!

Useful websites! a4esl.org – Grammar website #1 www.ego4u.com – Grammar website #2 http://learningenglish.voanews.com/ – Listening to news. www.eslvideo.com – Watching videos with simple(r) English. www.booksshouldbefree.com – Free readings and audiobooks. www.dictionary.com – Online English dictionary with pronunciations for every word you search.

April 8, 2014 - Discussion question: If you could visit any three

countries in the world for a week, which countries would you visit? Why?

Phrasal verbs are verbs in English that combine a verb with a preposition. They (usually) have a different meaning than the verb they are derived from. Examples of phrasal verbs: sit down, wake up, turn on, etc.

- Extended family (noun): A family composed of spouse, children, parents, grandparents, grandchildren, etc. all under the same roof.

- Nuclear family (noun): A family composed of your spouse and children (or, your parents, if you are younger); your immediate family.

- Single-parent family (noun): A family composed of one parent and children. The other parent may be divorced, separated, dead, etc.

- Bicultural/Interracial family (noun): A family composed of parents who come from a different background, culture, religion, ethnicity, etc. (or racially different).

April 9, 2014 - Discussion question: How similar, or different, is

Canadian culture compared to yours? Was it difficult for you to adapt to life in Canada?

- To arise (verb): To rise from a lying or seated position.

- To be (verb): To exist, to have the quality of something.

- To beat (verb): 1. To hit, to strike; 2. To defeat. - To become (verb): To transform, to change. - To begin (verb): To start. - To bend (verb): To curve, to become not straight. - To fold (verb): To bend paper, money, etc. and make

a crease. - To bet (verb): To wager, to make an educated guess,

to gamble (usually with money). - To bite (verb): To use the teeth and the mouth on

something. - To bleed (verb): To be injured and have blood loss. - To blow (verb): To expel air from the lungs, a

machine, etc. Grammar practice: exercises online http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/index.html

Perfect continuous: Subject + have + been + verb-ing Perfect: Subject + have + participle verb Writing exercise: Describe your childhood. Example questions to consider: How was it? In what type of family did you live? Where did you live? Did you have many friends? Were you a shy or social child? Did you have a good relationship with your sibling(s)?

April 10, 2014 - Discussion question: What hobbies and pastimes do

you enjoy? Is there a skill you want to practice as a hobby?

- Hobby (noun): Something you do for fun. - Pastime (noun): Something you do to pass the time. - Skill (noun): Something you know how to do. - Talent (noun): Something that you are naturally good

at doing; you are born or have this skill innately. - To break (verb): To damage or snap something into

separate pieces. - To breed (verb): 1. To reproduce with another

mammal; 2. To bring animals together and make them reproduce in order to raise them, sell them, etc.

- To bring (verb): To take something from one place to another.

- To broadcast (verb): To send signals through the air as waves with an antenna.

- To burst (verb): To explode due to internal pressure. - To buy (verb): To purchase. - To catch (verb): To grab something that is moving

through the air or water. - To choose (verb): To decide or pick between multiple

options.

- To cling (verb): To grab or hold on tightly to something.

- To come (verb): To go from a place of origin to a destination; to be called to go from one place to another.

- To ruin (verb): To destroy, to corrupt, to corrode, to spoil, to defile.

- Indecisive (adjective): The personality of not being able to decide, always hesitant and not sure.

- Undecided (adjective): For a single choice, not knowing what to decide.

- To be in custody (verb): To be arrested, in jail. - To sew (verb): To use a needle and thread to join

cloth together or close an opening. Can be done by machine or by hand.

- To knit (verb): To use two crocheting needles and wool to create thick clothes, such as sweaters and scarves.

- To weave (verb): To use long strips of material with a looming machine and create objects out of the material, such as carpets, baskets, and blankets.

- To pay one’s share of the bill (verb): To pay only that person’s part of a bill.

- To split the bill (idiom): To divide the bill equally amongst all the paying people (e.g. 50-50, 33-33-33)

- To go Dutch (idiom): In a romantic date, to divide the bill in half so both of the dating people pay.

The passive voice is used when you wish to draw attention and focus on the object of a sentence, rather than the subject. Active voice: Subject + Verb + Object Passive voice: Object + Be + Participle verb (+ by + Subject)

-> Using “by + subject” is optional. I ate the spaghetti. (active) The spaghetti was eaten by me. (passive) The spaghetti was eaten. (passive) The bread is baked here. (passive) The criminal was caught. (passive) I fixed the television. (active) The television was fixed. (passive)

- Exercise: Put these sentences in the passive voice if they’re active, or in the active voice if they’re passive.

1. She brought lunch. 2. The computer was fixed. 3. He drives his car every day.

4. Nancy loves her mother. 5. The detectives investigated the crime. 6. Daniel gave a gift to Paulo. 7. Our dog chased the car. 8. The sweater was washed by Kimberly. 9. The basket was woven here. 10. Your wallet was stolen! 11. The electors chose the president.

April 14, 2014 - To cost (verb): To have a monetary price. - To creep (verb): To move slowly towards something. - To cut (verb): To use an edged instrument, like a

knife or scissors, to divide or split something into pieces.

- To deal (verb): To negotiate or do business with someone.

- To dig (verb): To use a shovel or other instrument and remove earth from the ground.

- To do (verb): To act, to perform an action. - To draw (verb): To illustrate on paper or another

surface using pen or pencil. - To drink (verb): To consume liquid, like water or

wine. - To drive (verb): To maneuver and conduct a car. - To eat (verb): To consume solid food. - Crypt (verb): A tomb, a mausoleum for the dead. - Day-to-day (noun): Normal or regular days, your

routine. - Cost of living (noun): The cost of everyday expenses

in your life, such as food, electricity, rent, gasoline, etc.

- Creeping vine (noun): A type of plant that grows up trees, walls, etc. It’s usually fragile and very thin.

- To sneak (verb): To move with stealth, to move without being seen.

- Cheap (adjective): Something that doesn’t cost a lot. - Expensive (adjective): Something that costs a lot. - Whole (adjective): Entire, or all of something. - Wishy-washy (adjective): Indecisive, someone who

changes their opinion, decisions, or mind very often. - Gender (noun): The male or female, masculine and

feminine, etc. - To stand on your own two feet (expression): To be

able to support yourself without needing other people to help you.

- To look up to someone (phrasal verb): To be inspired by someone, to find a person ideal, to find them your inspiration or motivation.

- To struggle (verb): To physically, mentally, or emotionally resist and fight against a problem.

- To put up with (phrasal verb): To tolerate. - Faithful (adjective): A loyal partner who won’t cheat

on you. - God-fearing (adjective): Someone who fears God. - Vice-versa (noun): The opposite of the situation, to

reciprocate (e.g. “I love her. She loves me.” -> “I love her and vice-versa.”)

Writing question: What are you looking for in a spouse? If you are already married, what were you looking for in a spouse? Do you agree or disagree with each statement? Why?

1) “True love” comes to you only once in your lifetime. 2) “Love at first sight” can happen. 3) It is possible for old people (older than 75) to fall in love. 4) It is very important that your husband or wife is your “soul

mate”—your best friend and partner, someone who understands you perfectly.

5) The most important reason to get married is to have children. 6) It is important for a woman to marry a man who can make

enough money to support a family. 7) It is important to marry someone who shares your religion. 8) Choosing the person you marry is the most important decision

of your life.

April 15, 2014 - To fall (verb): To collapse to the ground. - To feed (verb): To give food to another. - To feel (verb): To experience emotion or a nervous

response. - To fight (verb): To have conflict, whether physical or

verbal. - To find (verb): To discover. - To flee (verb): To run away from danger. - To fly (verb): To move through the air. - To forbid (verb): To prohibit. - To forget (verb): To not remember, to lose the

memory of something. - To forgive (verb): To accept an apology and not seek

retribution or punishment. - To forsake (verb): To abandon, to disown, usually in a

religious sense. FORSAKE – FORSOOK - FORSAKEN - To sleep like a log (simile): To sleep very heavily. - Simile (noun): A comparison between a person/thing

and another thing, to show similar characteristics. We use “like” or “as” to make the comparison. A literary device.

- Metaphor (noun): A comparison between a person/thing and another thing, to show similar

characteristics. We don’t use “like” or “as” to make the comparison. A literary device.

- To sleep in (phrasal verb): To sleep extra time, after you were supposed to wake up.

- “How did you find ____?”: This sentence has two meanings. 1) “How did you discover ____?” 2) “What did you think about / What was your opinion of ____?”

- To be in debt (verb): To owe money to a bank, company, government, or moneylender.

- To be in someone’s debt (expression): To owe a very big favor to that person.

- “You owe me one.” (expression): “You owe me a favor.”

- “A penny for your thoughts.” (idiom): “What are you thinking about?”

- “Here are my two cents...” (idiom): “Here’s my opinion...”

- “Time is money.” (idiom): “Time is valuable.” - “A penny saved is a penny earned.” (proverb): Saving

your money is like making money. - “A fool and his money are soon parted.” (proverb):

Unintelligent (or gullible) people lose their money quickly.

- Gullible (adjective): To be too believing, not skeptical enough, naive, not a critical thinker.

- Writing question: Financially, what are your short-term goals? What are your long-term goals?

Examples of genres of music: Pop Rock (heavy metal, classic, alternative, etc.) Country Gospel Classical Hip-hop (R&B, funk, reggae, slam, etc.) Rap Techno Dance Jazz Traditional (Latin, Mediterranean, Oriental, etc.)

April 16, 2014 - To freeze (verb): To lower something’s temperature

below zero degrees Celsius, or so ice forms around it. - To get (verb): To obtain. - To give (verb): To pass an item to another person. - To go (verb): To leave, to move. - To grind (verb): To crush an object into small pieces

by applying rotating pressure on it against a surface. - To grow (verb): To become larger in size. - To hang (verb): To suspend an object over the

ground. - To have (verb): To own, to possess. - To hear (verb): To be capable of receiving sound, to

receive a sound through your ear canal. - To hide (verb): To put something away in a secret

place, or out of sight. - Leftovers (noun): Food that is served, but not eaten

entirely for a meal. - Consumer (noun): A person who buys things or

participates in the economy. - Gadget (noun): A small electronic item, used for

specific purposes. Examples include phones, iPods, video game consoles, remote controls, etc.

- To come out (phrasal verb): 1. To leave from a place, 2. To become available for consumption.

- Hide-and-seek (noun): A children’s game where one player is chosen to find other children hiding around the area.

- Butcher (noun): A man or woman who cuts, sells, and deals in meat.

- Hearing aid (noun): A small machine used by people who are hard of hearing in order to hear better.

Example sentences using prepositional phrases (to and for) with direct and indirect objects: To I want you to bring the computer to the laboratory. Maria feeds milk and bread to her children. Oliver gave gold to his wife. Please hand this paper to Peter. The mafia boss will lend money to you. He offered flowers to his girlfriend. She owes money to the bank. Gulliver passed the check to the teller. Vicky paid the money to the cashier. Francis posted the note to the wall. Yuri promised a new car to his daughter. When I was young, my mother read books to me. My father sold his book to a young man. I will send a souvenir from Paris to you.

Steven Spielberg showed his new movie to the critics. Sam took a piece of pie to his sister. The teacher is teaching English to us. Julian told a story to the class. Harry threw a ball to Fred. I wrote a letter to you. For Daniela booked a ticket for us. Anna will bring a cake for your birthday party. The Taj Mahal was built for the Sultan’s wife. I can’t decide what flavor to pick; can you choose for me? Beethoven composed a song for his niece. My wife cooks for me every night. The telephone was created for everyone to use. The dog fetched the ball for its owner. Claude found the book for me. Boris got a new iPod for his grandfather. Tracy left Canada for a new country. I made a nice scarf for you. Marcy is not at the table, so we will order food for her. Zeke obtained more RAM for his computer. Because Edward is indecisive, he always asks us to pick something for him to drink. You can’t sit there. The table is reserved for another party. I am saving up money for a trip.

April 17, 2014 - To hit (verb): To strike. - To hold (verb): To use your limbs to grab and keep

something close. - To hurt (verb): To injure, to wound. - To keep (verb): To maintain. - To know (verb): To have knowledge of something. - To lay (verb): To put something horizontally on a

surface. - To lead (verb): To guide, to manage, to instruct. - To lend (verb): To give something away temporarily. - To let (verb): To allow, to permit. - To lie (verb): 1. To not tell the truth (regular verb). 2.

To put yourself horizontally on a surface (irregular verb).

- Lead (noun): A type of metal, chemical notation “Pb”. - Whether (conjunction): Even if, no matter if; used to

dismiss a condition. - To struggle (verb): To fight against, to resist, to have

difficulty with something. - Key (adjective): Essential, important, necessary. - Key (noun): 1. Tool to open a lock; 2. Component of

success. - Daunting (adjective): Intimidating, disheartening. - To curb (verb): To put a limit on something.

- To achieve (verb): To succeed. - Habit (noun): A routine, a repeated behavior. - Income (noun): Money received or earned. - To record (verb): To make a note or copy, to write

down information. - Deduction (noun): A monetary subtraction. - Source (noun): Origin, starting place. - To rent out (phrasal verb): To own a space and offer

it for someone else to rent. - Odd job (noun): A small-time, unimportant job. - Mortgage (noun): A loan taken out from a bank to

pay for a home. - To cut back (phrasal verb): To limit, to curb, to stop

doing something so much. - To lower (verb): To decrease, to put down. - Variance (noun): Fluctuation, changes up and down

in value. - Variable (adjective): Fluctuating, changing. - Entertainment (noun): Things you do for fun. - Groceries (noun): Food bought at a grocer,

supermarket, farm, etc. - Grooming (noun): Hygiene, appearance

maintenance. - Subscription (noun): Monthly payment for a service.

- To prioritize (verb): To define something as more important to do than other things.

- Retirement (noun): Time of your life where you are old enough not to work anymore.

- To opt (verb): To choose, to take an option. - To schedule (verb): To plan something to be done at

a specific time (usually regularly). - Temptation (noun): Want, desire of something

(usually something that should not be taken or had). - Saving money for a rainy day (expression): Saving

money for a bad day or an emergency. - To stay on track (idiom): To continue doing your plan. - To head off track (idiom): To deviate from your plan. - To stay on top of something (idiom): To control. - To sync (verb): To synchronize, to equalize two or

more things. - To track (verb): To follow, to keep a record. - To overwhelm (verb): To intimidate, to paralyze with

emotion, to dishearten. - To stick with something (verb): To continue doing

something with determination, not giving up. - Priceless (adjective): Without price, extremely

valuable. - Reward (noun): A prize, usually given for doing well.

- “Me too”: Used to express agreement with a positive statement.

- “Me (n)either”: Used to express agreement with a negative statement.

- Agnostic (noun): Someone who isn’t sure about the existence of a god or gods.

- Atheist (noun): Someone who does not believe in a god or gods, not a theist (a believer).

- To loathe (verb): To hate or detest intensely. If you are asked a question, and you mention the main verb in your answer, you must mention the object of the question in your answer. Do you have a house? No, I don’t. No, I don’t have a house. No, I haven’t. No, I haven’t got a house. X No, I don’t have. X X No, I haven’t got. X X No, I haven’t a house. X Do you need time? No, I don’t.

No, I don’t need time. X No, I don’t need. X

April 22, 2014 - To light (verb): 1. To emanate light; 2. To brighten; 3.

To add fire or light to something. - To lose (verb): 1. To misplace; 2. To not win. - To make (verb): To create. - To mean (verb): To signify, to represent. - To meet (verb): To encounter. - To pay (verb): To purchase, to exchange money for a

service or good. - To put (verb): To place something somewhere. - To quit (verb): To stop doing something. - To read (verb): To draw significance from letters and

sentences on media. - To ride (verb): To sit on the back of an animal or

machine and be transported by this animal or machine.

- “Give me a lift/ride” (expression): “Please drive me and leave me somewhere else.”

- Blackout (noun): A complete loss of electricity. - Brownout (noun): A lowering of voltage, so less

electricity is being provided. - To be hands-on (adjective): To learn or do things with

your hands, to interact with or manipulate things physically.

- Body language (noun): Expressions, feelings, and emotions “said” by the body. For example, if someone is nervous, their body language may manifest itself as sweating, fidgeting, scratching, etc.

- Nervous tic (noun): A habit or repetitive movement that appears when a person is nervous.

- Sign language (noun): Movements with the hands, arms, and fingers to translate or communicate with deaf people.

- Surgeon (noun): A doctor who performs surgeries and operations with surgical tools.

We are not spending. We aren’t spending OR We’re not spending? Yes/No questions Yes/No questions ask for a simple answer: yes or no. They don’t worry about specific information. We use the auxiliary verb “Do” at the beginning of a question if we want to ask about an action. We use the auxiliary verb “Be” to ask about the quality of a subject or object of the question. We never use “do” and “be” in the same question.

Wh- questions Wh- questions ask for information. They can ask about people (who), places (where), things (what), procedures (how), time (when), and reasons (why). We put the appropriate wh- word at the beginning of a question. Action vs. non-action verbs Action verbs are verbs that people do. Non-action verbs are verbs that are qualities or parts of something. Most non-action verbs are verbs that express emotion, quality, thought, opinion, and behavior. “I tasted the soup yesterday.” – Action verb: I am performing the action of tasting. “The soup tasted good.” – Non-action verb: The soup’s flavor, the quality, is good. It is not doing any action.

April 23, 2014 - Minimal pair: A pair of words that look like they

sound the same, but they actually sound different. They’re pronounced differently.

- To ring (verb): To make a bell sound out. - To rise (verb): To get up, to stand up, to go up. - To run (verb): To use your legs and move quickly. - To say (verb): To speak, to pronounce. - To see (verb): To be able to use your eyes, to have

sight. - To seek (verb): To search, to look for. - To sell (verb): To exchange an object you own for

money. - To send (verb): To transmit, to transport something

from one place to another using the mail or some other method.

- To set (verb): To put. - To shake (verb): To move something up and down or

side-to-side repeatedly. - Scent (noun): The fragrance, the smell of something. - To stargaze (verb): To look at the stars in the night

sky. - Matchmaker (noun): A person who specializes in

getting together people looking for a relationship.

- Suburbs (noun): A residential area outside of an urban center. Homes include houses, duplexes, etc. and they usually have private garages, backyards, lawns, etc.

- Big spender (noun): Someone who spends a lot of money.

- Frugal (adjective): Someone who is careful about spending money.

- Skinflint (noun): Someone who doesn’t like to spend money, or are stingy with money. Cheap.

- Miser (noun): Someone who is wealthy, but doesn’t like to spend money at all. See also “scrooge”.

- Penny-pincher (noun): Someone who doesn’t like to spend money, they worry about every cent.

- Spendthrift (noun): Someone who spends money wastefully, in excess.

- Thrifty (adjective): Someone with careful spending habits, who is restrained and disciplined with money.

- Wasteful (adjective): They spend something or consume something excessively, not responsibly.

- Greedy (adjective): Someone who wants a lot of money, they love it. They never have enough.

- Gluttonous (adjective): Someone who wants to eat a lot of food, they want more and more.

- Selfish (adjective): Someone who only thinks about themselves, never others. Egoistic.

- “Easy come, easy go.” (proverb): Money that comes to your possession easily is also spent easily. No saving.

Like vs. as: When to use one, when to use the other? The work like has two meanings: it can mean the verb “to enjoy”, or it is used as a comparative, such as “He is smart like a fox.” The word as is usually used only as a comparative, but not as a verb of enjoyment. We tend to use as more often than the word like. For example, “He is as rich as a banker.” We also use as when speaking about someone’s profession or role; “I raised my family as a single parent.” We cannot use like when talking about someone’s profession or role, because then we’re talking about comparing our action to something else. “I raised my family as a single parent.” = I raised my family alone, I was the only parent.

“I raised my family like a single parent.” = I raised my family as if I were the only parent, because my spouse didn’t help. More examples showing the differences between like and as: “This apartment is as small as mine.” = This apartment’s size is about the same as mine. “This apartment is small like mine.” = This apartment’s size is about the same as mine. “When I was in my country, I worked as a doctor.” = When I was in my country, my job was being a doctor. “When I was in my country, I worked like a doctor.” = When I was in my country, my job demanded the same attention, skills, etc. as if I were a doctor, but I wasn’t a doctor. “I like to drink coffee.” = I enjoy drinking coffee. “I drink coffee as if it was water.” = I drink coffee like it was water. Have ever vs. Would ever Have you ever + verb = From the time you were born until now, did you do this verb in the past?

Would you ever + verb = Sometime in the future, is there a possibility you will do this verb? Writing question: Who did you learn your spending habits from? What was this person like with money? Do you believe you are frugal, or a big spender? Why do you think so?

April 24, 2014 - To shine (verb): 1. To give off or reflect light; 2. To do

very well in something. - To shoot (verb): 1. To fire a projectile with a weapon;

2. To aim and try to hit a target with a projectile; 3. To use a camera to record an image or video.

- To show (verb): To demonstrate, to exhibit. - To shrink (verb): To become smaller in size or length. - To shut (verb): To close. - To sing (verb): To voice a melody or song. - To sit (verb): To use a chair, couch, etc. and rest on

your butt. - To sleep (verb): To go to bed, to rest at night. - To slide (verb): To move across a surface without

losing contact with the surface. - To slit (verb): To make a penetrative cut that is

superficial, that doesn’t go through the object being cut.

- Shiny (adjective): An object that reflects a lot of light. - To doodle (verb): To make a small drawing because

of boredom, confusion, apathy, etc. - Sharp (adjective): 1. Having a keen edge; 2.

Intelligent. - Dull (adjective): 1. Having a blunt edge; 2. Dumb; 3.

Not shiny; 4. Boring.

- Reflection (noun): An image in a mirror, water, or other clear, shiny, reflective surface.

- To quote (verb): To repeat or reproduce what someone has said or written.

- To misquote (verb): To quote incorrectly. Quoting and paraphrasing in English writing: When you want to write what someone told you, or you want to quote a person, you must follow certain grammar rules. Look at these examples:

When I want to borrow money from my father, he always asks me, “What do you want to use the money for?” If I tell him I want to use it on restaurants, he doesn’t give me any money.

Well, like the Beatles sang, “All you need is love.” Notice the way you quote the person or people in a sentence: you use a comma, open quotation marks, a capital letter to start a sentence, and then close the sentence with a punctuation mark and closed quotation marks.

When writing dialogue, or reading a novel, this may be a little different. Note:

“I don’t want to go to school,” my friend complained. I laughed. “You have to,” I told him, “or the teacher

will mark you absent.” At the border, the guard told me I couldn’t enter

without a passport. At the border, the guard told me, “You can’t enter

without a passport.”

April 28, 2014 - To ride the subway (verb): To take the subway, to

commute by subway. Subway = metro. - To strain (verb): To force, usually causing physical

damage. - To spend your days on your knees (verb): To pass

your time kneeling on the ground. - To affect (verb): To impact, to have a consequence

on. - Affectionately (adverb): With much love. - To fade (verb): To disappear, to vanish. - Twilight (noun): The darkness before night, but after

or during the sunset. - Clamor (noun): Noise. - Purpose (noun): 1. Aim, goal, objective; 2. The reason

of something, why something is used or what it’s used for.

- Fashionable (adjective): Modern, popular, in style, in vogue.

- Instead (adverb): In place of, as a substitute or replacement, in lieu of.

- Yet (adverb): 1. At the present time, now. 2. But. - Windowsill (noun): The platform at the bottom of a

window. - Urban (adjective): Having to do with the city.

- Dirt (noun): Earth, the ground, soil. - Roof (noun): The top of a building. - Broad (adjective): Wide, large. - Shade (noun): The shadow cast from a source of

light. - Win-win situation (noun): A situation where both

parties involved benefit, there are no losers. - Elegant (adjective): Beautiful, tasteful, graceful,

excellent. - Bustle (noun): Movement of people, busyness. - To contribute (verb): To participate, to have an

impact on. - Weed (noun): 1. A parasitical plant that steals or

leeches water or nutrients from the soil; 2. Marijuana (informal slang).

- Basement (noun): The underground floor of a building.

- To bloom (verb): 1. To mature; 2. For a flower to open its petals.

- Ceiling (noun): The top of a room. - To sway (verb): To move gently from side to side. - Breeze (noun): A gentle wind. - To wander (verb): To move around aimlessly or

without a destination. - Safety (noun): Security, the noun of being safe.

- To get rid of (phrasal verb): To dispose of something, to throw something away.

- Drudgery (noun): Menial, distasteful, dull, or hard work.

- Wheelbarrow (noun): A wheeled instrument used to haul heavy loads by pushing. Has two handles, a container, and a wheel

- To gobble up (phrasal verb): To devour, to consume quickly, to use a supply of something quickly.

- To speak (verb): To say, to talk. - To spend (verb): To use a supply of something finite,

e.g. money, time, energy, effort, etc. - To split (verb): To divide. - To spread (verb): To distribute. - To stand (verb): 1. To be on your feet; 2. To tolerate,

to bear. - To steal (verb): To take something for your own

possession without permission, to rob; theft. - To stick (verb): To glue, to adhere to something else. - To stick with (phrasal verb): To continue doing

something after having started it. - To sting (verb): 1. To injure and puncture the skin

using a needle or needle-like object; 2. To attack with a needled tail.

- To stink (verb): To cause or to have a bad smell.

- To strike (verb): To hit or impact forcefully. - Daily, weekly, monthly, yearly (adverbs): Having to

do with the day, week, month, or year. - ##% off: A discount off the total price - Toiletries (noun): Articles used in the cleaning or

grooming of oneself, e.g. toothpaste, shampoo, detergent, soap, etc.

- Names of thieves: o Mugger (to mug): This thief steals through

violence, physically. They often use weapons to intimidate their victims.

o Pickpocket (to pickpocket): This thief steals by putting his hand into your pocket and taking your wallet, keys, etc.

o Robber/Burglar (to rob/burglarize): This thief steals from places by entering your home, your private property, the bank, etc. A robber may use violence, but a burglar tries to be stealthy and sneaky.

o Gangster (to be a gangster): This thief operates in a gang, performing gang-related activity.

o Scammer or con artist (to scam or to con): This thief steals through schemes and abusing people’s confidence or trust.

o Hacker (to hack): This thief steals information or vandalizes cyber-spaces via the internet, computers, software, etc.

o Cheater (to cheat): This thief steals by abusing the rules or ignoring them, for example, by taking answers from a test or having more advantages than everyone else illegitimately.

Comparative vs. Superlative Comparative (2 objects)

- 1-syllable adjective: adjective + -er - “Today is hotter than yesterday.” - Adjective ends in –y: adjective + -ier - “You are prettier than her.” - 2+-syllable adjective: more/less + adjective - “My house was more expensive than yours.”

Superlative (3+ objects) - 1-syllable adjective: the + adjective + -est - “This is the hottest day of the month.” - Adjective ends in –y: the + adjective + -iest - “She is the prettiest woman in the school.” - 2+-syllable adjective: the most/least + adjective - “His house is the most expensive one in the area.”

Equivalence or equality

- The same (noun) as... - As (adjective) as...

Exceptions

- Good -> Better -> (the) best - Bad -> Worse -> (the) worst - Fun -> More/less fun -> (the) most/least fun - Far -> Farther/Further -> (the) farthest/furthest

If an adjective ends in a CVC pattern, most of the time we double the final consonant.

- Hot -> Hotter - Big -> Bigger

Registration for next semester Day Register: August 11, 18, 20, 28, September 2, 9:00 – 11:00 AM

Session: August 27 to November 27, 2014, Mon-Fri, 8:30 -12:45 PM Evening Register: August 28, September 2, 3, 10, 5:00 – 7:00 PM Session: September 8 to December 17, 2014, Mon-Thu, 5:30 PM - 9:30 PM Academic Register: August 13, 19, 21, 27, September 3, 9:00 – 11:00 AM Session: August 27 to November 27, 2014, Mon-Fri, three two-hour blocks

April 29, 2014 - To swear (verb): 1. To promise; 2. To curse, to say

bad words. - To sweep (verb): To clean using a back-and-forth

motion, often with a broom or mop. - To swim (verb): To move through water or liquid. - To swing (verb): 1. To move in a pendulum motion; 2.

To oscillate, to sway. - To take (verb): To get something for oneself. - To teach (verb): To instruct. - To tear (verb): To rip with force and unevenly. - To tell (verb): To say something to a specific listener. - To think (verb): To use your brain. - To throw (verb): To launch something from your

hand. Usually, the arm moves from upward to downward.

- Tear (noun): Water springing from the eye during crying.

- To toss (verb): To launch something from your hand, using a downward to upward motion. Tossing is less fierce, weaker than throwing.

- Through (preposition): Passing in the center or inside something, in one end and out the other.

- Throne (noun): A special chair for royalty or people with power.

- To sweep something under the carpet (idiom): To suppress the truth, to hide knowledge of an event.

- To give one’s word (idiom): To make a promise. - To keep one’s word (idiom): To keep or honor a

promise. - Cardboard (noun): Heavy-duty paper. Usually used in

boxes. - Reimbursement (noun): Money received back from a

service, usually as a credit for payment or taxes. - Refund (noun): Money received back after returning

a product to a store, because the buyer decided to give back the product.

- To gossip (verb): To talk about the affairs of others, to talk of rumors about other people.

- Organic (adjective): Food that is all-natural, grown without pesticides or chemicals.

- To make an estimate / To estimate (verb): To make an educated guess, based on previous experience.

- Snack (noun): Something eaten between meals. - To deserve (verb): To be entitled to something. - Dessert (noun): Something sweet eaten after a meal,

such as cake, fruit, or chocolate. - Desert (noun): An arid land, usually hot and with

sparse life.

- To desert (verb): To abandon a military post or duty. Someone who deserts is called a deserter.

April 30, 2014 - To understand (verb): To comprehend. - To upset (verb): 1. To make someone feel angry or

sad; 2. To spill a cup or bottle of liquid. - To wake (verb): To take someone out of sleep. - To wear (verb): To use clothes. - To weave (verb): To create material using fibers. - To weep (verb): To cry. - To win (verb): To succeed, to beat a competitor. - To wind (verb): To apply pressure or force to an

engine using a rotating motion. - To withdraw (verb): 1. To take something back; 2. To

take money out of a bank. - To write (verb): To use a pencil or pen and put down

letters and phrases. - Wind (noun): Blowing air. - Wound (noun): Injury that is bleeding, or damage to

the body. - To wear down (phrasal verb): To use something until

it starts looking used, or until it stops functioning well.

- Worn (adjective): Something that looks very used, e.g. a shirt with holes, missing buttons, etc.

- To be wound up (adjective): To feel stressed, to feel nervous, to feel angry.

- To wind someone up (phrasal verb): To make someone feel upset, nervous, or angry, using words or actions.

- To recognize (verb): 1. To know something or remember something from memory; 2. To acknowledge, to observe something.

- Sleeve (noun): The “arm” of a shirt. - Receipt (noun): The document that shows you have

bought something from a store. - Quite a while (frequency of time): A long time, a

longer duration than expected.

May 1, 2014 - If I were in your shoes... (idiom): If I was in your

situation, if I were you, etc. - Dressage (noun): An equestrian sport where the

horse rider commands their horses to perform tricks. - Field/Plains (noun): Flat land good for raising animals

or growing crops. An area clear of woodland. - Rural area (noun): An area outside major city areas. - Farm (noun): A place where food is grown. - Ranch (noun): A place where animals are raised. - Permissive (adjective): Giving a lot of permission, not

strict. - Forgiving (adjective): Accepting of apologies,

pardoning. - Thermos (noun): A container that keeps liquids at the

same temperature they were poured in. - Recipe (noun): Instructions for cooking a meal. - Invoice (noun): The bill for a service. - The rest of the = The remaining (adjective): What is

left over, what is extra, what was unused. - Allowance (noun): Money given to someone who

doesn’t earn money so they may use it as they want. - Sled (noun): A platform used to transport yourself

over snow.

Writing question: Do you know how to make a budget? Do you have a budget for your expenses in Canada? What are the advantages of having a budget? Could vs. Would: Conditionals We use “could” to talk about a real, possible situation. We use “would” to talk about an imaginary, impossible situation. If I had money, I could go to Brazil. (POSSIBLE) If I were a woman, my mother would have two daughters. (IMPOSSIBLE)

May 5, 2014 - To cope (verb): 1. To struggle or deal with problems,

and succeeding; 2. To face and deal with responsibilities.

- Fine (noun): A punitive fee that must be paid because an infraction was committed.

- Fine (adjective): Good, well, excellent. - To shift (verb): To switch, to change, to alter. - “Fingers crossed!” (idiom): When you want to wish

good luck to someone, crossing your index and middle fingers is a gesture of good luck. Saying “fingers crossed” is the vocal equivalent of the gesture.

- To observe (verb): To look at, to examine closely. - Obverse (noun): The front side of a surface. Opposite

is “reverse”. Had better, have to, have got to Had better is (mostly) used for recommendations. Should and ought to are two modal verbs that share the same meaning.

Have to and have got to are (mostly) used for necessities or obligations. Need to and must are two modal verbs that share the same meaning. Don’t have/need to and must not are not the same. Don’t have/need to means it’s optional. Must not means it’s forbidden. I had better take my car instead of the bus. (recommendation) I failed last year. What should I have done to pass the class? (recommendation in the past) I have to go to school today. (obligation, necessity) I don’t have to go to school today.(not necessary, optional) I must not go to school today. (prohibited, forbidden) I have to take my passport when I travel. (necessity) I must not forget to take my passport when I travel. (forbidden) I don’t have to take my credit cards with me. (optional) Be careful not to confuse the modal verbs had better, have to, or have got to for the perfect auxiliary have, or the verb to have. Look at these examples:

We had better learn French. Some people in Canada speak it. I have to learn English. My job requires it. You have got to complete your homework because the teacher will correct it. I have completed my homework. I can relax now. I had cooked my dinner before I watched television. He will have learned more vocabulary by June. I have two children. She has a Ferrari, I’m so jealous! They have a vacation in Paris next year. Can you identify these uses of “have”? I have to have children before I am too old. I must not have passed the class. I did poorly on the exam. You had better have cooked lunch by the time my parents arrive. When will you have finished your studies? You have to go to school today, and when you’re there, you had better apologize to the teacher for not going yesterday. Tomorrow we will have lunch at Chef Kebab. Azize has to have taken his medicine. He isn’t sick.

Aibek and Avedis have class every Monday night. Jiby has had spaghetti with marinara sauce. Yangjun will have to get a job before he leaves Montreal. The singular “they” When we don’t know the gender or sex of a person, we can use “he or she”, or “they” to mean a singular person. In the examples below, the meaning is the same: one friend. We don’t know if he or she is a man or a woman, so we can use “he or she” or “they”. Did you make a friend in class? Where is he or she from? Did you make a friend in class? Where are they from?

May 6, 2014 - Taboo (noun): Something that is socially

unacceptable. - Polygamy (noun): Having many wives or husbands. - Polygamous (adjective): Practicing polygamy. - Monogamy (noun): Having one wife or husband. - Monogamous (adjective): Practicing monogamy. - Monotony (noun): Boredom. - Monotonous (adjective): Boring, not interesting. - Tight-fisted (adjective): Having the quality of not

wanting to spend or give away money (they don’t open their hands to give money). See also “stingy”, “parsimonious”, “cheap”, and other adjectives.

- Tightwad (noun): Someone who doesn’t like to spend money.

- Cheek (noun): The side of the face, next to the nose and mouth.

- Illiterate (adjective): Not being able to read or write. - To be stood up (phrasal verb): To be abandoned by

your date and be left alone before the date even starts.

- Outburst (noun): A sudden and violent release of emotion.

Contractions: ‘d and ‘s

These two contractions can have two meanings: ’d = had ’d = would ’s = is ’s = has Read the sentences the contractions appear in for context clues to identify them. Another option is to read the sentence by undoing the contraction and reading it two times to see if it makes sense. I’d gone to the store by the time my father arrived. I’d go to the store if I had money. It’s cold today. It’s got a motor. We can’t watch TV. It’s broken. Why did you throw the ball? It’s broken the window!

May 7, 2014 - To assume (verb): 1. To make a guess or estimate; 2.

To take control of a responsibility or task. - “Assuming makes an ass out of you and me.”

(idiom/saying): “Assuming makes you look ignorant or stupid.”

- To expect (verb): To assume something will happen or happens because you have good reasons or logic to believe so.

- To meet expectations (verb): For reality to match your expectations or assumptions, e.g. “I went to watch a comedy, and it was funny. It met my expectations.”

- To exceed expectations (verb): For reality to be better than your expectations or assumptions, e.g. “I went to that seafood restaurant that you recommended, and wow! The salmon exceeded my expectations!”

- “Two things in life are inevitable: death and taxes.” (quote)

- Shan’t (contraction): Shall not. - To annex (verb): To officially add territory to a

country’s borders, to take control over land and put it under a country’s control.

- Empire (noun): A nation that conquers, controls, and colonizes other people, culture, and lands through military, cultural, technological, monetary, and other forms of control.

- Pollution (noun): Harmful substances on the environment created by humanity. Examples include garbage, smoke from factories, chemicals, plastic, etc.

- Effort (noun): Energy spent on the pursuit of a goal. - Optimist (noun): A person who has a positive outlook

or opinion of the world. - Optimistic (adjective): Having a positive outlook or

opinion. - Pessimist (noun): A person who has a negative

outlook or opinion of the world. - Pessimistic (adjective): Having a negative outlook or

opinion. - Realist (noun): A person who has a neutral but

objective outlook or opinion of the world. - Realistic (adjective): Having an objective outlook or

opinion. - Pragmatist (noun): A person who is oriented towards

the success or failure of a certain line of action, someone who takes steps to make something happen.

- Pragmatic (adjective): Practical, realistic, contributing to a goal. Being concerned about the consequences is part of being pragmatic.

- Cynicism (noun): Believing the world is selfish, not altruistic, everyone has an ulterior motive.

- Cynic (noun): A person who believes in cynicism. - Cynical (adjective): Being a cynic. - “The ends justify the means.” (common saying):

When you have an objective or a goal, do what you must do to accomplish it, no matter what, to get there. The result is more important than the process, and the consequences are not important.

- Consequentialist (noun): A person who believes the ends justify the means. Someone who believes in consequentialism.

- “Glass half full, glass half empty.” (idioms): Optimistic or pessimistic.

- “Better is the end of a thing than its beginning” (proverb): From the Bible, Ecclesiastes, this proverb states that a situation’s end is more preferable than a situation’s start. This is not the same as “the ends justify the means”, because the Biblical proverb doesn’t mention morality, and the consequentialist saying says to be amoral.

- “To kill two birds with one stone.” (saying): To solve two problems with one solution.

- To take its toll (idiom): To take energy, or a beneficial part of something. Always used in a negative way. Weakening, tiring, etc.

- To put something on the back burner (idiom): To lower the priority of doing something, to do or leave something for later.

The singular possessive object for a plural subject When we mention a plural subject, the object of possession of the subject should also be plural. For example: “The pilots are flying their airplanes.” “We cook our meals together.” However, when the object belongs to a group, or we talk about the idea of an object that belongs to all, rather than individualizing the count noun we can use it as a singular. For example: “We eat our lunch together.” “They have had a hard life.”

“Your parents live in their own house.”

May 8, 2014 More uses of “would” as a modal

- We use would as a conditional of will, as a past prediction, or to talk about a repeated action in the past. But there are more uses and rules of would your modals booklet doesn’t mention.

- Would can also be used to make an offer or notify people of preference. It’s a polite way of offering.

“I would like a coffee, please.” “I would like to tell you something.” “Would you prefer tea or water?”

- When you use would to talk about repetition in the past, you need to be specific about the situation or the time. It is similar to used to, but it needs more information.

“I used to play with my friends.” “I would play with my friends when I was young.” “I would play with my friends.” X (MISSING CONTEXT, AMBIGUOUS)

- The reason we need to include information when we use would as an alternative to used to is because would can also be used as a conditional.

“I would play with my friends when I was young.” (I used to play with my friends when I was young.) “I would play with friends, but I’m busy.” (I would play with my friends, but I can’t. Conditional.)

Writing question: How does your culture view stress? Are people usually stressed in your country? When you feel stress, what do you do to feel better?

May 12, 2014 What is a phrasal verb? A phrasal verb is a main verb with one or more prepositions that, when combined, has a new meaning that may be different from the main verb and prepositions alone. Phrasal verbs do not follow any rules of meaning: they may be completely different from their base parts. For example, the verb “ask” means to pose a question to someone and the preposition “out” means the exterior of a place or object. However, the phrasal verb “ask out” means to ask someone to go on a date. Phrasal verbs and pronouns follow a special rule of positioning. When you use a pronoun, the pronoun must be placed between the main verb and the preposition (there are very few exceptions). When you use the full noun, it can go in the middle of the phrasal verb, or after. For example:

- “I asked her out yesterday.” - “I asked out her yesterday.” X Wrong - “I asked Veronica out yesterday.” - “I asked out Veronica yesterday.”

- “We need to break it down.” - “We need to break down it.” X Wrong - “We need to break the door down.” - “We need to break down the door.”

Differences between idioms and phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are verbs and prepositions that, combined, create a new meaning. They are treated like verbs grammatically. Idioms are expressions, using language, verbs, and nouns to describe a special situation. “I am asking around for my wallet.” – phrasal verb “It’s raining cats and dogs today.” – idiom

- Slang (noun): Public language, created by the people, present, sometimes vulgar.

- To ask out (phrasal verb): To ask someone on a date. - To ask around (phrasal verb): To ask many people the

same question. - To add up to (phrasal verb): To equal. - To back up (phrasal verb): 1. To reverse; 2. To

support.

- To blow up (phrasal verb): 1. To explode; 2. To add air.

- To break down (phrasal verb): 1. To stop functioning (machine or technology); 2. To become extremely upset; 3. To divide into small pieces, as in an idea, a plan, or a project.

- To date (verb): 1. To be in a romantic relationship with another person, a boyfriend or girlfriend; 2. To put a day for an event.

- To go on a date (verb): To have a romantic encounter with a person.

- Date (noun): 1. A romantic encounter; 2. A type of fruit; 3. The day of an event.

- To have a (mental) breakdown (verb): To be overcome with stress, nervousness, depression, anxiety, etc. and require therapeutic help. A breakdown is what we refer to a mental “break”.

- Reliable (adjective): Trustworthy, capable, dependable.

- Maternity/Paternity leave (noun): Vacation or time off work because the mother/father had a baby.

- To burn out (phrasal verb): 1. To finish burning; 2. To lose all passion and motivation for your work, hobbies, etc. because you’ve been doing it too long.

- To beat around the bush (idiom): To not be direct when asking questions.

- To have a taste of one’s own medicine (idiom): For one to suffer the same problems or situation they inflicted on another person.

May 13, 2014 - To break in(to) (phrasal verb): To enter by force. - To break something in (phrasal verb): To wear or use

something so it doesn’t look new, and it feels comfortable.

- To break someone in (phrasal verb): To start a new hobby, life, or situation and get accustomed to it over time, or step-by-step, rather than forcing everything at once.

- To break in (phrasal verb): To interrupt. - To break up (phrasal verb): 1. To end a relationship;

2. To start laughing (British). - To crack up (phrasal verb): To start laughing

(American). - To break out (phrasal verb): To escape. - To break out in something (phrasal verb): To develop

a skin condition. - To bring someone down (phrasal verb): To make

unhappy. - To bring someone up (phrasal verb): To raise a child. - To bring something up (phrasal verb): 1. To start

talking about a topic; 2. To throw up, to vomit. - To call around (phrasal verb): To call many places or

people.

- Rash (noun): A red patch of irritated skin with fissures.

- Hives (noun): Urticaria, a type of pale red rash with bumps and irritated skin.

- Hive (noun): An insect’s nest, such as ants or bees. - Sneakers (noun): Sportive shoes made for walking or

running. - Snicker (noun): A short laugh, a titter. - Span (noun): Duration of time, length of distance. - Attention span (noun): Length of time one can focus,

concentrate, or pay attention before they get distracted.

May 14, 2014 - To call back (phrasal verb): To return a phone call. - To call off (phrasal verb): To cancel an event,

appointment, plan, etc. - To call on (phrasal verb): 1. To ask someone for an

answer or opinion; 2. To visit someone. - To call up (phrasal verb): 1. To phone someone; 2. To

present data by telling a computer to show it. - To calm down (phrasal verb): To relax after being

angry. - To not care for something/someone (phrasal verb):

To not like something/someone. - To care for something/someone (phrasal verb): To

care about something/someone. - To catch up (phrasal verb): To get to the same point

as someone else, to be at the same level as another. - To check in (phrasal verb): To arrive and register at a

hotel or airport. - To check out (phrasal verb): 1. To leave a hotel; 2. To

investigate or examine closely; 3. To look at (informal).

- To check up on someone/something (phrasal verb): To check and see if someone/something is OK.

- To not care (verb): To not find something/someone important or significant; e.g. “I don’t care about what your job is, I only care that you have one.”

- Check-up (noun): An appointment with a doctor to see if one’s health is all right.

- To mock (verb): To insult, to imitate, to tease. - Ain’t (slang): Am not; e.g. “I ain’t Canadian, I’m

American!” - Thoughtful (adjective): Considerate, worrying about

others, respectful. Two tomatoes were walking down the road. One of the tomatoes is walking very slowly. It gets hit by a car. The other tomato turns around and says, “catch up.” Possessive verb have vs. Perfect have: Use in short answers When you use the possessive verb have (or any other action verb), you cannot give an answer using just the verb after a yes or no: you must give the object as well. This is because the auxiliary verb is something else, not have: A: “Do you have a Porsche?” B: “No, I don’t.” OR “No, I don’t have one.” Incorrect: “No, I don’t have.” -> No object mentioned!

A: “Would you like to come with us tomorrow?” B: “Yes, I would.” OR “Yes, I’d like to go.” Incorrect: “Yes, I would like.” -> No object mentioned! However, the perfect have is different. You don’t need to mention the object, because now, the auxiliary verb is have: A: “Have you watched the new X-Men?” B: “Yes, I have.” OR “Yes, I’ve watched it.” Incorrect: “Yes, I have watched.” -> No object mentioned! Note that contractions can only be used when the verb is mentioned. “Yes, I’ve.” in the example above would be incorrect.

Ethnic composition of Marcelo’s class, Spring 2014 Peru: 2 Sri Lanka: 2 Colombia: 3 Iraq: 2 Cambodia: 1 Egypt: 2 Brazil: 1 Cameroon: 4 Morocco: 3 China: 1 India: 2 Democratic Republic of Congo: 1 Yemen: 1 Syria: 2 Pakistan: 2 Kyrgyzstan: 1 Somalia: 2 Malaysia: 1 Algeria: 2 Moldova: 1

May 15, 2014 - Sensitive (adjective): 1. Overly emotional; 2. Very

receptive to touch; e.g. “After I got burned, my skin was very sensitive for days.”; 3. To have a thin skin, or to be very vulnerable to criticism. 4. To be vulnerable to things.

- Sensible (adjective): To be wise, to be intelligent, to be reasonable, to be mature.

- Susceptible (adjective): To be vulnerable to, or liable to, to be likely to.

- Mind (noun): Your brain, your memories, your perception of the world, your thinking.

- To mind (verb): 1. To find something important or significant, to find something necessary. 2. To care for something, as in raising animals or growing plants.

- “Do you mind...?” (expression): “Is it okay with you if I do...?”; asking permission to do something.

- “I don’t mind.” (expression): “It’s okay with me.” - “I do mind.” (expression): “It’s not okay with me.” - “Never mind” (expression): “Forget it, don’t worry

about it”; usually said after wanting to ask a question but realizing it’s not necessary.

- To be willing (adjective): To be mentally prepared or ready, to be accepting of an opportunity and do it.

- Cupboard (noun): A type of kitchen cabinet where dishes and cups are kept.

- To cheer up (phrasal verb): To become happier, or make someone else happier.

- To chip in (phrasal verb): To contribute, to help by giving money, time, or energy.

- To clean up (phrasal verb): To tidy, to clean. - To come across something (phrasal verb): To find

something unexpectedly, by surprise. - To come apart (phrasal verb): To separate, when

something can separate itself, to get into pieces. - To come down with something (phrasal verb): To

become sick with something. - To come forward (phrasal verb): 1. To step forward;

2. To volunteer for a task or to give evidence. - To come from somewhere (phrasal verb): To

originate in, to be made in. - To count on someone/something (phrasal verb): To

rely on someone or something. - To cross something out (phrasal verb): To draw a line

through something. - To cut back on something (phrasal verb): To consume

less or to reduce the use of something. - To cut something down (phrasal verb): To make

something fall to the ground by cutting it.

- To cut in (phrasal verb): 1. To interrupt; 2. To pull in too closely in front of another vehicle or person; 3. For an engine or machine to start operating automatically.

May 20, 2014 - To cut off (phrasal verb): 1. To remove with

something sharp; 2. To stop providing; 3. To take someone out of a will; 4. To be cut in front of on the road.

- To do over (phrasal verb): To do again. - To do away with (phrasal verb): To discard. - To do up (phrasal verb): To fasten, to close. - To dress up (phrasal verb): To wear nice clothing. - To drop in/by/over (phrasal verb): To visit or come

without an appointment. - To drop off (phrasal verb): To take someone or

something somewhere and leave them there. - To drop out (phrasal verb): To quit a class, school,

etc. - To eat out (at a place) (phrasal verb): To eat out of

your home, to eat at a restaurant. - To end up (phrasal verb): To eventually

reach/do/decide. - Limb (noun): An arm or a leg. - To go out on a limb (idiom): To put oneself in danger

to help someone else, helping as much as possible. - Take a breather / Take a break (idiom): Relax for a

while.

May 21, 2014 About the exam The exam will evaluate you in four areas: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Over June 2 to June 5, the exam will be given to you in parts. On Monday, June 2, you will be evaluated in your reading and writing skills. On Tuesday, June 3, you will be evaluated in your listening and writing skills. On Wednesday and Thursday, June 4-5, you will be evaluated in your speaking skills. If you miss class one of these days, or if we need more time, the final week of school, June 9 to June 12, will serve as extra time. So what will the exam’s material be about? First, remember that we are two levels, P-103 and P-104. Each level will receive its own exam, so it will contain different material. The material we discussed in class will be represented on the exam! For P-103, the exam will discuss topics such as nutrition, budgets, first aid, and dealing with emergencies. For P-104, the exam will discuss topics such as culture, travel, holidays, immigration, and budgets.

The exam will NOT ask questions like your grammar book does. I will not ask you to give the perfect form of a sentence or to fill in the blank. The exam questions will ask you to produce a text and use all of your knowledge, not just your memory. The homes and homelands of new Canadians: http://wpmedia.news.nationalpost.com/2012/02/1-na0211_immigration.pdf

- To fall apart (phrasal verb): To break or collapse into pieces.

- To fall down (phrasal verb): To fall to the ground. - To fall out (phrasal verb): To fall from the inside of a

container. - To figure out (phrasal verb): To understand, to find

the answer. - To fill in/out (phrasal verb): To write information in

blank spaces. - To fill up (phrasal verb): To fill to the top with liquid. - To find out (phrasal verb): To discover. - To get something across/over (phrasal verb): To

communicate an idea and have the person understand the idea.

- To get along/on (phrasal verb): To like each other.

- Thanks to something/someone (expression): Because of something/someone.

- Bald (adjective): Someone who has no hair. - Rude (adjective): Impolite.

May 22, 2014 - To absorb (verb): To intake something; e.g. “Plants

absorb water through their roots.” - To be absorbed in something (verb): To be fully

focused in something; e.g. “The movie was so good! I was absorbed in it.”

- To absolve (verb): To forgive someone’s sins and cleanse them; e.g. “The priest absolved the churchgoer by blessing him.”

- To sink (verb): To go under water and not swim or float.

- To get around (phrasal verb): To have mobility, to transport oneself.

- To get away (phrasal verb): 1. To go on a vacation; 2. To move away and put distance between you and something or someone else.

- To get away with something (phrasal verb): To do something bad and avoid being punished or noticed.

- To get back (phrasal verb): To return. - To get something back (phrasal verb): To receive

something back that belongs to you. - To get back at someone (phrasal verb): To retaliate,

to get revenge. - To get back into something (phrasal verb): To

become interested in something again.

- To get on (phrasal verb): To enter a vehicle or mount an animal; for cars or private vehicles, we use “get in”.

- To get over something (phrasal verb): 1. To recover from an illness, problem, loss, or difficulty; 2. To overcome a problem.

- To get (a)round to doing something (phrasal verb): To finally find time to do something.

- Mischief (noun): Activity that causes annoyance or small trouble.

- To curse (verb): To wish bad fortune or fate on another person.

- To bless (verb): To wish good fortune or fate on another person.

P-103 writing question: What are emergency services like in your home country? Are people trained to perform first aid? Do you know how to perform first aid?

May 26, 2014 - To deserve (verb): To merit, to be qualified for, or to

have a claim to something because of your actions, qualities, or situation.

- To get together (phrasal verb): To meet, usually for social reasons.

- To get up (phrasal verb): 1. To get out of bed; 2. To stand.

- To give someone away (phrasal verb): 1. To reveal hidden information about someone; 2. To take the bride to the altar in a wedding.

- To give something away (phrasal verb): 1. To ruin or tell a secret; 2. To give something to someone for free.

- To give something back (phrasal verb): To return a borrowed item.

- To give in (phrasal verb): To reluctantly stop fighting or arguing.

- To give something out (phrasal verb): To give to many people, usually at no cost.

- To give something up (phrasal verb): To quit a habit. - To give up (phrasal verb): To stop trying. - To go after someone (phrasal verb): To follow

someone.

- To go after something (phrasal verb): To try to achieve something.

- To go against someone (phrasal verb): To compete, to oppose.

- To go ahead (phrasal verb): To start, proceed. - To change one’s mind (idiom): To make a new

decision, to alter the decision you made earlier. - Tenacity (noun): Stubbornness, consistency, patience

in achieving goals; not giving up. - Tenacious (adjective): Having the quality of tenacity. - Heritage (noun): Traditions, culture, and customs

passed down from generation to generation, what you receive from the past as part of your identity.

- Inheritance (noun): Objects or money gained from a dead relative who has named you in their will.

- Heirloom (noun): Object that has been in the family for a long time, and is passed from one generation to the next.

May 27, 2014 - To go back (phrasal verb): To return to a place. - To go out (phrasal verb): To leave home to go on a

social event. - To go out with someone (phrasal verb): To go on a

date. - To go over (phrasal verb): To review. - To go without something (phrasal verb): To suffer

lack or deprivation. - To grow apart (phrasal verb): To stop being friends

over time. - To grow back (phrasal verb): To regrow. - To grow up (phrasal verb): To become an adult. - To grow out of something (phrasal verb): To get too

big for something. - To grow into something (phrasal verb): To grow big

enough to fit. - To hand something down (phrasal verb): To give

something used to someone else. - To hand in (phrasal verb): To submit. - To hand out (phrasal verb): To distribute to a group

of people. - “I had a salary increase of $1,000.” -> noun + of + # - “My salary increased by $1,000.” -> verb + by + #

May 28, 2014 - Mischievous (adjective): Someone who has a nature

of causing mischief and trouble. - Up to # (): A limit or maximum of #. - Up to you/me/etc. (idiom): It’s your/my/etc.

decision. - Earnings (noun): Salary, or income. - Troublemaker (noun): Someone who causes trouble. - First-hand experience (noun): Something

experienced personally. - First-hand (adjective): Experienced personally. - Second-hand (adjective): 1. Something used; 2.

Experienced by a friend or someone you know. Simple arithmetic and math symbols + : Plus -> addition, to add - : Minus -> subtraction, to subtract x OR * : Times -> multiplication, to multiply ÷ OR / : Divided by -> division, to divide (by) = : Equal -> to equal 1¹ OR 2² OR 5³ -> exponential, multiply to the power of #; with ² we can say “squared”, with ³ we can say “cubed”. √ : square root, the root of 3 x 5 = 15

“Three times five equals fifteen.”

- To hand something over (phrasal verb): To give, usually unwillingly or reluctantly.

- To hang in there (phrasal verb): To stay positive. - To hang on / hold on (phrasal verb): Wait a short

time. - To hang out (phrasal verb): Spend time relaxing. - To hang up (phrasal verb): End a phone call. - To hold someone/something back (phrasal verb): To

prevent from doing/going. - To hold something back (phrasal verb): To hide an

emotion. - To hold onto someone/something (phrasal verb): To

hold firmly using your hands or arms. - To hold someone/something up (phrasal verb): To

rob. - To keep on doing something (phrasal verb): To

continue doing. - To keep something from someone (phrasal verb): To

not tell something to a person. - To keep someone/something out (phrasal verb): To

stop from entering.

- To wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve (idiom): To be very obvious about your emotions, to not hide what you feel at all times.

Pre-registration: June 3, 2014

May 29, 2014 - The suffix –less: Used to indicate a lack or not having

the qualities of the word it’s attached to. Transforms noun into adjective. o Fearless o Tasteless o Hopeless o Helpless

- The suffix –ful: Used to indicate having the qualities of the word it’s attached to. Transforms noun into adjective. o Fearful o Tasteful o Hopeful o Helpful

- The suffix –ness: Used after adjectives (usually follows another suffix) and transforms the adjective into a noun. Used to indicate the qualities of that adjective. o Fearlessness / Fearfulness o Tastelessness / Tastefulness o Hopelessness / Hopefulness o Helplessness / Helpfulness

- Righteous (adjective): Feeling morally good or morally “right” for following the rules of one’s

religion or holy texts. The concept of being judged and following the rules is called “righteousness”.

- Unless (conditional): “If not”, used in an if-clause to state a condition that is opposite the main clause. See these examples:

Unless you get a job, you won’t be able to pay your bills. Unless you call her, she won’t know where you are. Unless you don’t come to school, you will pass the class.

- Regardless (adverb): Despite the circumstances, without paying attention to present conditions. See these examples.

Regardless of your salary, you still make money. It doesn’t matter if you pass or fail the course, you have still learned English regardless.

- At least (adjective): At minimum. - At most (adjective): At maximum. - At least (adverb): At minimum, but used as a

comparative or to draw attention to what is possible. - Least / Most (adjective): Superlative forms of less /

more.

I may speak only a little English, but at least I can communicate with my teacher. “You’re ugly!” “Well, at least I have a girlfriend!”

- Last but not least (expression): The final thing to introduce, but that doesn’t mean it’s insignificant.

- To save the best for last (expression): Withholding something for the end because it’s the best of everything.

- Keep mum (expression): Keep silent about something, don’t say anything.

- Keep your eyes to yourself (idiom): Don’t look or stare at something or someone.

- Keep in mind (idiom): Remember, don’t forget. - Keep in touch (idiom): Stay in communication. - Poker face (noun): A face that shows no emotions. - Open-minded (adjective): Accepting, tolerant of new

ideas or thoughts. - Open-faced (adjective): Showing emotions clearly on

the face. - Open page (noun): Open-faced. - To read like a book (idiom): To be able to understand

a person just by looking at them. - Be my guest (idiom): I allow it, I permit it, go ahead,

feel free.

- Disappointment (noun): Sadness, being upset. - Deception (noun): A lie, a falsehood. - To keep up (phrasal verb): To continue doing at the

same rate or speed. - To let someone down (phrasal verb): To fail to

support or help, to disappoint. - To let someone in (phrasal verb): To allow to enter. - To look after someone/something (phrasal verb): To

take care of. - To look down on someone (phrasal verb): To think

less of, to consider inferior. - To look for someone/something (phrasal verb): To

try to find. - To look forward to something (phrasal verb): To be

excited about something in the future. - To look into something (phrasal verb): To investigate. - To look out (phrasal verb): To be careful, vigilant, to

take notice and pay attention. - To look out for someone/something (phrasal verb):

To be especially vigilant for someone/something. - To look something over (phrasal verb): To check,

examine, review. - To look something up (phrasal verb): To search and

find information in a reference book, dictionary, internet database, etc.

June 2, 2014 - Watch yourself (idiom): Be careful, keep safe, take

care of yourself. - Age before beauty (idiom): (please don’t use this

with strangers): Older people should go first before younger, more beautiful people.

- Pearls before swine (idiom): (response to “age before beauty): Kind or valuable people before rude people.

- Swine (noun): Synonym for pig, pork. - Cook (noun): A chef, a meal-maker. - (adjective culture) + Cooking (noun): Cuisine, food

from a place. - To groom (verb): To maintain a tidy, clean

appearance. - To look up to someone (phrasal verb): To have a lot

of respect for someone, to idolize them. - To make something up (phrasal verb): To invent a

story, to lie about something. - To make up (phrasal verb): To forgive each other. - To make someone up (phrasal verb): To apply

cosmetics to. - To mix something up (phrasal verb): To confuse two

or more things. - To pass away (phrasal verb): To die.

- To pass out (phrasal verb): To faint, to lose consciousness.

- To pass something out (phrasal verb): To give the same thing to many people.

- To pass something up (phrasal verb): To decline (usually something good).

- To pay someone back (phrasal verb): To return owed money.

- To pay for something (phrasal verb): 1. To make a payment for a service or object; 2. To be punished for doing something bad.

- To buy something (expression): To believe a story.

June 3, 2014 - To euthanize (verb): To kill someone humanely, in a

medical fashion; medically-assisted suicide. - To pick something out (phrasal verb): To choose. - To point someone/something out (phrasal verb): To

indicate with your finger, to point at. - To put someone/something down (phrasal verb): 1.

To put what you are holding on a surface or floor; 2. To insult, make someone feel stupid.

- To put down an animal (phrasal verb): To kill an animal humanely, euthanasia of animals, because you don’t want the animal to suffer.

- To put something off (phrasal verb): To postpone. - To put something on (phrasal verb): To put clothing

or accessories on your body. - To put something out (phrasal verb): To extinguish;

used with fire, lanterns, or candles only. - To put something together (phrasal verb): To

assemble. - To put up with someone/something (phrasal verb):

To tolerate. - To run into someone/something (phrasal verb): To

meet unexpectedly. - To run over someone/something (phrasal verb): To

drive a vehicle over a person or thing.

- To run over/through something (phrasal verb): To rehearse, review.

- To run away (phrasal verb): To leave unexpectedly, to escape.

- Marbles (noun): A game played with small colored glass beads or balls (also called marbles), very popular with young people.

Trip to the Musee des Maitres et Artisans du Quebec 615 avenue Sainte-Croix, Borough of Saint-Laurent, Montreal QC H4L 3X6 Wednesday, June 11, 2012 Attendance fee: $4 Meet here in the classroom, we leave at 6:00 PM Guided tour in English from 6:30 – 8:00 PM After the tour, we are going to a cafe to relax, eat, and talk.