Maps

MapsLatitude & Longitude

2D vs.3D Maps

Main Idea 1

Each practical map contains specific indications, symbols, & keys that are vital for navigating or pinpointing an exact location.

CARTOGRAPHY

What is a cartographer?

CARTOGRAPHYDefine Cartographer:

person who specializes in making maps

LATITUDE & LONGITUDE

What is latitude?What is latitude?

LATITUDE & LONGITUDEDefine Latitude: imaginary lines that run horizontally on a map/globe, indicating a distance north or south of the equator

Also called: Parallels0o is called: Equator

LATITUDE & LONGITUDE

What is longitude?What is longitude?

LATITUDE & LONGITUDEDefine longitude: imaginary lines that run vertically on a map/globe, indicating a distance east or west of the prime meridian

Also called: Meridians0o is Called: Prime Meridian

JUST TO RECAP

SYMBOLS USED ON A MAP

What is a compass rose?What is a compass rose?

SYMBOLS USED ON A MAPDefine Compass Rose: a design on a map that indicates direction

SYMBOLS USED ON A MAP

What is a compass?What is a GPS?

What is a compass?What is a GPS?

SYMBOLS USED ON A MAPDirection Tools Used in Real LifeCompass: Instrument used to determine direction by means of a magnetic needle pointing to magnetic north

Global Positioning Satellite (GPS): Satellite signals that plot positions using coordinates (latitude/longitude).

SYMBOLS USED ON A MAP

What is a scale?What is scale?

SYMBOLS USED ON A MAPDefine Scale: The ratio of a distance on a map to the actual distance between locations

Types of Scales1.) Graphic: Directly shows the length of some unit of distance on a map2.) Fractional: Gives the ratio of units on a map to units on Earth’s surface

Main Idea 2

2D maps distort distances on the 3D surface of Earth

PROJECTIONS

What is a projection?What is a projection?

PROJECTIONS

Define: Conversions of a 3D object into a 2D one.

2 Types of Projection:1.) Cylindrical 2.) Planar

PROJECTIONS

What is cylindrical projection?What is a cylindrical projection?

CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONDefine Cylindrical Projection: Taking a 3D modelof Earth and then rollingit flat.

Meridians & parallels are equally spaced & perpendicular to each other.

CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION

Advantage: Navigators can easily plot their compass bearings as straight lines

Disadvantage: Model gets highly distorted toward the top and bottom

PROJECTIONS

What is planar projection?What is planar projection?

PLANAR PROJECTIONSDefine Planar Projection: Conversion of a 3D globe into a 2D map by cutting the globe in half

The 2 Poles are at the center.

PLANAR PROJECTIONS

Advantage: Areas at thepoles are highly accurate;easier for airplane pilotsto locate shorter routes. Disadvantage: Gets highlydistorted towards the edges.