Maps and Images for McKay 8e A History of Western Society Chapter 31 Revolution, Rebuilding, and New Challenges: 1985 to the Present Cover Slide Copyright.

Maps and Images for McKay 8e

A History of Western Society

Chapter 31

Revolution, Rebuilding, and New Challenges: 1985 to the Present

Cover Slide

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

"Le Hijab est Notre Honneur"During the fall of 1989, three teenaged Muslim girls were suspended from a public school near Paris because they insisted on wearing the headscarves that are traditional for Islamic women. In this photo from October 1989, Muslim women and girls demonstrate in Paris and hold aloft a sign reading "The hijab (headscarf) is our honor." (Wide World Photos)

"Le Hijab est Notre Honneur"

Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Celebrating VictoryA Russian soldier flashes the victory sign in front of the Russian parliament on August, 1991, as the last-gasp coup attempt of Communist hard-liners is defeated by Boris Yeltsin and an enthusiastic public. The soldier has cut the hammer and sickle out of the Soviet flag, consigning those famous symbols of proletarian revolution to what Trotsky once called the "garbage can of history." (Filip Horvat/Corbis Saba)

Celebrating Victory


Fall of Berlin WallErected to stop emigration from communist East Germany to the West in 1961, the Berlin Wall had become an all-too-tangible symbol of the division of Europe, and much of the world, for more than four decades after World War II. In 1989, when the communist regime in East Germany collapsed, the East German government opened the wall on November 9. In this photo we see East Germans (backs to camera) streaming through the dismantled Berlin Wall into West Berlin. (Wide World Photos)

Fall of Berlin Wall


Foot-and-mouth disease, EnglandThe outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in 2001 raised questions about globalization and strained relations within the European Union. Here a Spanish border official sprays disinfectant on the wheels of a French truck in March 2001, as part of the European effort to keep the disease from spreading. (Reuters/Archive Photos/Getty Images)

Foot-and-mouth disease, England


French McDonald's vandalizedLed by Jose Bove's association of small farmers, protesters vandalize a McDonald's restaurant in southern France in August 1999. Bove's trial a year later stimulated comparable protests. The American fast-food chain had come to symbolize the two-sided force of globalization and Americanization. (Frances Markow/Corbis Sygma)

French McDonald's vandalized


GorbachevIn his acceptance speech before the Supreme Soviet (the U.S.S.R.'s parliament), newly elected president Mikhail Gorbachev vowed to assume "all responsibility" for the success or failure of perestroika. Previous parliaments were no more than tools of the Communist party, but this one actively debated and even opposed government programs. (Vlastimir Shone/Gamma)

Gorbachev


Guggenheim Museum, BilbaoPraised by admirers as the "first great building of the twenty-first century," the Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, is an exotic undulating museum of contemporary art, intended to revitalize the Basque region of northwestern Spain through international prestige, cultural renaissance, and tourism. Selected in a global competition, the design of the American architect Frank O. Gehry (b. 1929) relies heavily on three-dimensional computer modeling to hold dramatic opposites in delicate balance, as well as to translate complex forms into construction blueprints. (Jeff Goldberg/Esto)

Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao


Humanitarian workA German worker from the privately funded French group Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) helps a young victim of a bad flood in Mozambique in 2000. Doctors Without Borders provides free and effective emergency services to poor countries stricken by natural disasters and civil wars. (Per-Anders Pettersson/Prestige/Getty Images)

Humanitarian work


Kiefer, Osiris and IsisThe German artist Anselm Kiefer (b. 1945) combines unusual materials to create haunting images that often suggest the horrors of recent history. In this work--Osiris and Isis--painted during 1985-1987, the interpenetrating layers of human culture include images of ruin and death, hope and resurrection. (San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Purchased through a gift of Jean Stein by exchange, the Mrs. Paul L. Wattis Fund, and the Doris and Don Fisher Fund. Photo: Ben Blackwell.)

Kiefer, Osiris and Isis


Kofi AnnanThe key role of the Security Council in the Iraqi weapons crisis of 2002-2003 highlighted the renewed prominence of the United Nations in world affairs after the disappointments of the mid-1990s. This revival owed a great deal to Kofi Annan (b. 1938), the confident, compassionate African diplomat who headed the international organization beginning in 1997. Annan offered an inspiring moral vision of a global community committed to peace, democracy, and universal human rights. Here he discusses his Nobel Peace Prize in 2001. (Reuters NewMedia Inc./Corbis)

Kofi Annan


Lech WalesaAn inspiration for fellow workers at the Lenin Shipyards in the dramatic and successful strike against the Communist bosses in August 1980, Lech Walesa (a feisty electrician and devout Catholic) played a key role in Solidarity before and after it was outlawed. Speaking here to old comrades at the Lenin Shipyards after Solidarity was again legalized in 1988, Walesa personified an enduring opposition to Communist rule in eastern Europe. (G. Merrillon/Gamma)

Lech Walesa


Margaret ThatcherAs British prime minister from 1979 to 1990, Margaret Thatcher led an assault on the welfare state and a renewed embrace of free market economics in Britain. Together with U.S. president Ronald Reagan, who greatly admired her, she came to symbolize the retreat from government that marked the 1980s. Thatcher is shown here at a political rally in London in 1987. (D. Hudson/Corbis Sygma)

Margaret Thatcher


Martin Luther King, Washington 1963The March on Washington, August 1963, marked a dramatic climax in the civil rights struggle. More than 200,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial to hear the young Martin Luther King, Jr. deliver his greatest address, the "I have a dream" speech. (TimePix/Getty Images)

Martin Luther King, Washington 1963


Millennium Celebration, SydneyUncertainties about what lay ahead for the world in the twenty-first century took a backseat to exuberant festivities as the millennium ended. The sleek modern silhouette of Sydney's opera house and the neon signs of major corporations epitomized the hopes of many. (Sydney Morning Herald/Sipa Press)

Millennium Celebration, Sydney


New York 9/11New York City pedestrians race for safety on September 11, 2001, as the first World Trade Center tower collapses after being hit by a jet airliner. Al-Qaeda terrorists with box cutters hijacked four aircraft and used three of them as suicide missiles to perpetrate their unthinkable crime. Heroic passengers on the fourth plane realized what was happening and forced their hijackers to crash in a field. (Wide World Photos)

New York 9/11


Oil crisis at gas stationDislocations in the oil industry caused by OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) price rises that began in 1974 produced long lines at the gas pump and local shortages. The crisis brought Middle East politics home to consumers and created a negative stereotype of oil sheikhs. (Keza/Liaison/Getty Images)

Oil crisis at gas station


Olympic flag being passed to Mayor of TurinIn Salt Lake City, 2002, International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge presents the Olympic flag to the mayor of Turin, Italy, site of the 2006 Winter Olympics. (Getty Images)

Olympic flag being passed to Mayor of Turin


Russia's rich and poor Images of the new extremes of wealth and poverty, such as this photograph, became commonplace as postcommunist Russia sought to join the Western mainstream. (Star-Tass/Sovfoto)

Russia's rich and poor


Sartre and de Beauvoir, late 1940sAmong the most influential intellectual couples of the century, Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir emerged as leaders of French existentialism by the later 1940s. (Giansanti/Corbis Sygma)

Sartre and de Beauvoir, late 1940s


Saudi richesEnormous oil reserves make Saudi Arabia one of the most influential members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and give it one of the world's highest per capita incomes. Oil has also made rich men of Prince Fahd and King Khalid, shown here considering plans for a new urban development. (Robert Azzi/Woodfin Camp & Associates)

Saudi riches


Social welfare, SwedenWith the state playing a major role, Sweden proved a pioneer in responding to the family and children's issues that became increasingly prominent after World War II. Here children play at a day-care center in Stockholm in 1953. (Roland Janson/Pressens Bild, Stockholm)

Social welfare, Sweden


SOS-RacismeThis was one of the many demonstrations organized by SOS-Racisme, a leading French force in the fight against hostility and violence toward immigrants in Europe. "Don't touch my pal" warns the slogan on the uplifted hand. (G. Merillon/Gamma)

SOS-Racisme


Student Rebellion, ParisThese rock-throwing students in the Latin Quarter of Paris are trying to force education reforms and even to topple de Gaulle's government. Throughout May 1968 students clashed repeatedly with France's tough riot police in bloody street fighting. De Gaulle remained in power, but a major reform of French education did follow. (Bruno Barbey/Magnum Phhotos)

Student Rebellion, Paris


Terrorism in Northern IrelandIn August of 1998 a powerful car bomb suddenly devastated the busy shopping district of Omagh, killing twenty-nine persons and maiming two hundred more. The most deadly terrorist act in thirty years of often violent political conflict in Northern Ireland, this bombing by a dissident IRA group sought to derail peace negotiations between Catholic and Protestant leaders. (Lewis Alan/Corbis Sygma)

Terrorism in Northern Ireland


The BeatlesThe older generation often saw sexual license and immorality in the Beatles' frank lyrics and suggestive style. But in comparison with all that came after them in the world of pop music, the Beatles were sentimental and wholesome. (John Zimmerman/Camera Press/Retna Ltd.)

The Beatles


Twin Lights, New York CityLower Manhattan, March 11, 2002: Six months after the terrorist attacks, beams of light commemorated the twin towers of the World Trade Center, destroyed on September 11, 2001, and those who perished in them. (AFP Photo/Doug Kanter/Getty Images)

Twin Lights, New York City


UN in BosniaA Bosnian Muslim refugee arrives at the United Nations base in Tuzla and with her anguished screams tells the world of Serbian atrocities. Several thousand civilians were murdered at Srebrenica, and Western public opinion finally demanded decisive action. Efforts continue to arrest those Serbs believed responsible and to try them for crimes against humanity. (J. Jones/Corbis Sygma)

UN in Bosnia


UN inspectors in IraqUnited Nations inspectors search for weapons of mass destruction inside a military complex north of Baghdad. Although United Nations inspections in 2002 and 2003 failed to uncover prohibited weapons, Iraqi cooperation in the disarmament process was incomplete. Asserting that Saddam Hussein was still hiding chemical and biological weapons, the United States and Britain launched a massive invasion of Iraq in March 2003. (Reuters NewMedia Inc./Corbis)

UN inspectors in Iraq


Vaclav HavelDenied admission to the university because of his upper-middle-class origins, Vaclav Havel gravitated to the theater. In 1968 when the Soviets rolled into Czechoslovakia, Havel threw himself into the intellectual opposition to communism and became its leading figure for the next twenty years. Havel was a voice of hope and humanity during these years, one that inspired his compatriots with a lofty vision of a moral postcommunist society. As president of the Czech Republic (1989-2003), Havel continued to speak eloquently on the great questions of our time. (Chris Niedenthal/stockphoto.com)

Vaclav Havel


Vietnam Veterans' Memorial The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Constitution Gardens, Washington D.C., designed by Maya Ying Lin (American, b. 1960) is perhaps the consummate minimalist sculpture. The memorial consists of two walls of black granite, each nearly 250 feet long, which meet at a 136-degree angle at the center, where they are 10 feet tall. The names of the nearly 58,000 dead are inscribed on the wall, beginning with the first in 1959 and ending with the final death in 1975. (Peter Aaron/Esto)

Vietnam Veterans' Memorial


Women's work in the Soviet UnionThis cartoon adapts the caryatid form from ancient sculpture to depict the special burdens that were coming to bear more heavily on women as the Soviet economy bogged down. Intended to commemorate International Women's Day, the image appeared in the Soviet magazine Krokodil in 1984. (Krokodil Magazine, March 1984)

Women's work in the Soviet Union


Youth revolution, London, 1980A wonderful photograph of colorfully--and outrageously--dressed youth in London (ca. 1980), during what was called the youth revolution. (Anthea Sieveking/The Wellcome Trust Medical Photographic Library)

Youth revolution, London, 1980


Map: Democratic Movements in Eastern Europe, 1989

Democratic Movements in Eastern Europe, 1989With Gorbachev's repudiation of the Brezhnev Doctrine, the revolutionary drive for freedom and democracy spread throughout eastern Europe. Countries that had been satellites in the orbit of the Soviet Union began to set themselves free to establish their own place in the universe of free nations. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: Ethnic Conflict in East-Central Europe

Ethnic Conflict in East-Central EuropeMuch of east-central Europe, and particularly the Balkans, has long been an area of complex ethnic mixture. The end of communist rule opened the way to ethnic conflict, most tragically in what had been Yugoslavia. This map shows ethnic distribution in the region in the mid-1990s. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: Europe in the Early Twenty-First Century

Europe in the Early Twenty-First CenturyThe reunification of Germany and the breakup of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia fundamentally altered the map of Europe during the 1990s. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: Foreign-Born Population in Western Europe

Foreign-Born Population in Western EuropeIncreasing immigration prompted resentment against foreigners and concerns about assimilation in much of western Europe during the 1980s and 1990s. This map indicates the percentage of the population that was foreign-born in each of the countries of western Europe as of 1997. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: GDP per Capita in Europe, 2000

GDP per Capita in Europe, 2000Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is a widely recognized measure of national economic success. By 2000, this measure varied dramatically among the European countries, revealing the wide disparity in economic well-being across the Continent. The former communist countries continued to lag, even as some were growing at impressive rates. The U.S. figure was $33,900, and Canada's was $23,300. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: The Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Dissolution of the Soviet UnionAs crisis gripped the Soviet system by the late 1980s, the republics of the Soviet Union began declaring first their sovereignty, then their independence. Most of the fifteen republics that had made up the Soviet Union became part of a much looser confederation, the Commonwealth of Independent States, in 1991 and 1992. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: The Ethnic Composition of Yugoslavia, 1991

The Ethnic Composition of Yugoslavia, 1991Yugoslavia had the most ethnically diverse population in eastern Europe. The Republic of Croatia had substantial Serbian and Muslim minorities. Bosnia-Herzegovina had large Muslim, Serbian, and Croatian populations, none of which had a majority. In June 1991, Serbia's brutal effort to seize territory and unite all Serbs in a single state brought a tragic civil war. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: World Population Growth

World Population GrowthThis map shows both current populations and rates of population growth throughout the world. In the developed countries of the West, populations are relatively high but growing slowly, if at all. Most of the world's population growth is occurring in the less developed countries outside the West. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Internet cafe, Europe

Internet cafe, EuropeWith the sudden popularity of the Internet by the mid-1990s, "Internet cafes" emerged all over the world. They offered Internet access, along with coffee, to those who did not own personal computers. London's Cyberia cafe, shown here in 1995, was typical.(Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Maps and Images for McKay 8e A History of Western Society Chapter 31 Revolution, Rebuilding, and New Challenges: 1985 to the Present Cover Slide Copyright.

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