Maps and Images for McKay 8e A History of Western Society Chapter 27 The Great Break: War and Revolution Cover Slide Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.

Maps and Images for McKay 8e

A History of Western Society

Chapter 27

The Great Break: War and Revolution

Cover Slide

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

"On Her Their Lives Depend"In Britain, as elsewhere, women responded to appeals like this, and quickly became prominent in the munitions industry. The chance to perform valued public roles during the wartime emergency proved a watershed for many women. (Courtesy of the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum)

"On Her Their Lives Depend"

Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

"Russian Ruling House" cartoonThe most trusted adviser of Alexandra, wife of Tsar Nicholas II, was an uneducated Siberian preacher who was appropriately nicknamed Rasputin--the "Degenerate." This wartime cartoon captures the ominous, spellbinding power Rasputin had over the royal couple. His manipulations disgusted Russian public opinion and contributed to the monarchy's collapse. (Stock Montage)

"Russian Ruling House" cartoon

Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandThis photograph depicts the capture of the assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Habsburg throne, on a visit to Sarajevo in Austrian-ruled Bosnia. A young Bosnian nationalist, Gavril Princip, was arrested minutes after he had assassinated the archduke and his wife, on June 28, 1914. This political murder helped unleash World War I. (Gernsheim Collection, Harry Ransom Humanities Center, University of Texas, Austin)

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Canadians in trench warfareGerman and Allied soldiers on the Western Front faced each other across an elaborate network of trenches. Attacking meant jumping out of the trenches and racing across a no-man's land of mud and barbed wire. In this Canadian painting we see the Princess Patrice's Canadian Light Infantry repelling a German attack near Ypres, in northern France, in March 1915, using machine guns, rifles, and hand grenades.

Canadians in trench warfare


Faisal and T.E. Lawrence in ParisThe Arab Prince Faisal (1885-1993; foreground)--who would later become king of Iraq--attended the Paris Peace Conference, where he lobbied for the creation of an independent Arab kingdom from part of the former Ottoman Turkish holdings in the Middle East. Among his supporters was the British officer Colonel T.E. Lawrence (middle row, second from the right), on his way to becoming the legendary "Lawrence of Arabia." (Courtesy of the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum)

Faisal and T.E. Lawrence in Paris


German ration bookThis ration coupon shows a long line of hungry Germans waiting to buy half a pound of strictly rationed sausage, the sale of which the city government has just announced. Food rations were cut as the Allied blockade tightened, and rationing continued in Germany (as it did in Britain) for some years after the war. (akg-images)

German ration book


Germans in trench warfareIn this photo we have a sense of the tragic absurdity of trench warfare. German soldiers charge across a scarred battlefield and overrun an enemy trench. The dead defender on the right will fire no more. But this is only another futile charge that will yield much blood and little land. A whole generation of young men is being decimated by the slaughter. (Courtesy of the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum)

Germans in trench warfare


Leftist agitation in GermanyRevolutionary unrest reached its peak in Germany during December 1918 and January 1919, when this photo in Berlin was taken. But even after the leaders of the revolution--Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg--were captured and murdered in January, the possibility of further revolution dominated the first months of the new Weimar Republic. (Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz)

Leftist agitation in Germany


Lenin as orator, 1920The Bolsheviks were a small but tightly disciplined group of radicals obedient to the will of their leader, Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924). Here he is addressing Red Army soldiers in Sverdlov Square, Moscow, in 1920. At the time, the Bolsheviks were mopping up the last of the anti-Bolshevik forces and were fully engaged in a war with Poland. The fate of the Revolution depended on the fighting spirit of the Red Army soldiers and on their loyalty to Lenin. (David King Collection)

Lenin as orator, 1920


Lloyd George, Clemenceau, and WilsonIn June 1919 the leaders of the major victorious powers exude confidence after signing the Treaty of Versailles with Germany, the most important of the five treaties that resulted from the Paris Peace Conference. In this photo are from the left: David Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States. (Corbis)

Lloyd George, Clemenceau, and Wilson


Munition workers, BritainThis 1915 photograph of a British war plant shows it straining to meet the insatiable demand for trench-smashing heavy artillery shells. (Courtesy of the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum)

Munition workers, Britain


Mustafa Kemal in Western dressIn 1919 Mustafa Kemal, a hero of the Gallipoli campaign, had formed a nationalist government in central Anatolia with the backing of fellow army officers. After World War I, he was determined to modernize Turkey on the western model. Here he is shown wearing a European-style suit and teaching the Latin alphabet. (Stock Montage)

Mustafa Kemal in Western dress


Paul Nash, Menil RoadIn 1917 Paul Nash (British surrealist painter, 1889-1946) was recruited as a war artist. In November of that year he was sent to the Western Front, where he painted several important pictures including this painting, The Menil Road. In a landscape ravaged by artillery fire, we see two soldiers dash for cover amid shell holes and the charred remains of a forest. (Courtesy of the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum)

Paul Nash, Menil Road


Poster: "N'Oublions Jamais"This 1915 French poster with its passionate headline--"Never Forget!"--dramatizes Germany's brutal invasion of Belgium in 1914. Neutral Belgium is personified as a traumatized mother, assaulted and ravished by savage outlaws. The "rape of Belgium" featured prominently, and effectively, in anti-German propaganda. (Mary Evans Picture Library)

Poster: "N'Oublions Jamais"


Poster: Russian woman in munitions factoryAll over Europe, governments recruited women to work in munitions factories. This Russian government poster uses an image of a working woman to rally support for the war. The text reads "Everything for the war effort! Subscribe to the war loans at 5-1/2 percent." (Courtesy of the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum)

Poster: Russian woman in munitions factory


Rupert BrookeEven as the war raged, soldiers like the Englishman Rupert Booke (1887-1915) sought to shape his experiences into poetic imagery. He was excited by the intensity of battle and pleased by his own calm self-control. Back in England for further training, he wrote several sonnets expressing his feelings about the war. He died of blood poisoning on the way to battle in April 1915, without ever fully experiencing trench warfare. (TimePix/Getty Images)

Rupert Brooke


Russian demonstration, 1917The mass demonstrations in Petrograd, June 1917, showed a surge of working-class support for the Bolsheviks. In this photo, a few banners of the Mensheviks and other moderate socialists are drowned in a sea of Bolshevik slogans. (Sovfoto)

Russian demonstration, 1917


Soldiers leaving for warSpirits were high early in August, 1914, as Parisian soldiers like these shown in the photograph march off to war. None foresaw what fighting this war would be like. None grasped the long-term impact the war would have. (Giraudon)

Soldiers leaving for war


Versailles Treaty being signedThis group portrait by the painter William Orpen (born in Dublin, 1878 ) features the three principal Allied leaders (seated in the center), who have finally reached an agreement at Versailles, June 28, 1919. Like Paul Nash, Orpen had been recruited by the War Propaganda Bureau to paint on the Western Front. He was later commissioned to paint this portrait of politicians at the Versailles Peace Conference. (Courtesy of the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum)

Versailles Treaty being signed


The Balkans After the Congress of Berlin, 1878The Ottoman Empire suffered large territorial losses but remained a power in the Balkans.(Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)

Map: The Balkans After the Congress of Berlin, 1878


Map: Austria-Hungary in 1878

Austria-Hungary in 1878A multinational state, the Austro-Hungarian Empire occupied Bosnia in 1878, bringing more dissatisfied peoples under its rule. Tensions in the Balkans would lead to the outbreak of world war in 1914. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: Ethnicity in East-Central Europe, 1919

Ethnicity in East-Central Europe, 1919Ethnic diversity made it hard to create homogeneous nation-states in east-central Europe. The new states that emerged after World War I mixed ethnic groups, and ethnic tensions would contribute to future problems. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: Foreign Intervention and Civil War in Revolutionary Russia, 1918-1920

Foreign Intervention and Civil War in Revolutionary Russia, 1918-1920By mid-1918 the new communist regime was under attack from many sides, by both foreign troops and anticommunist Russians. Bolshevik-held territory shrank during 1919, but over the next year the Red Army managed to regain much of what had been lost and to secure the new communist state. Anton Deniken, Alexander Kolchak, and Nicholas Yudenich commanded the most significant counter-revolutionary forces. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: Major Fronts of World War I

Major Fronts of World War IAlthough World War I included engagements in East Asia and the Middle East, it was essentially a European conflict, encompassing fighting on a number of fronts. A vast territory was contested in the east, but on the western front, which proved decisive, fighting was concentrated in a relatively small area. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: Stalemate and Decision on the Western Front

Stalemate and Decision on the Western FrontOn the western front, in northern France and Belgium, trench warfare developed and the best known battles of the war were fought. Notable sites include Verdun, Passchendaele, and the Marne and Somme Rivers. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map: The Balkans in 1914

The Balkans in 1914Ethnic boundaries did not follow political boundaries, and Serbian national aspirations threatened Austria-Hungary. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Map:The Impact of the War: The Territorial Settlement in Europe and the Middle East

The Impact of the War: The Territorial Settlement in Europe and the Middle EastThe defeat of Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Ottoman Turkey opened the way to major changes in the map of east-central Europe, while in the Arab world the end of the Ottoman rule meant not independence but new roles for European powers. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)


Maps and Images for McKay 8e A History of Western Society Chapter 27 The Great Break: War and Revolution Cover Slide Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.

Documents

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german attack