Mapping of abiotic stresses in rice production systems Characterization of target environments Sander Zwart GIS / remote sensing / water resources STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshop February 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
May 10, 2015
Mapping of abiotic stresses in rice production systems
Characterization of target environments
Sander ZwartGIS / remote sensing / water resources
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Presentation outline
1. Introduction to spatial analysis at AfricaRice + link to STRASA
2. Advances and goals for abiotics stress mapping
3. Partnerships and way forward
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
AfricaRice GIS unit:
• Started in 2010• Basically started from scratch• Currently 1 researcher, 1 PDF, 3 research
assistants
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
Research priorities at AfricaRice GIS unit:
1. Mapping rice and rice ecologies (upland/lowland/mangrove/deep water)
2. Mapping the potential for rice development
3. Mapping biotic and abiotic stresses in rice production systems (current and under climate change)
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
Objective #6: Scaling up Seed Multiplication, Dissemination, Varietal Tracking & Impact assessment
AC6.2 Map rice producing areas affected by single and multiple abiotic stresses
AC6.2.1 identification of new extrapolation domains for wet and dry seasons in SSA for expansion of rice areas using the newly developed single and multiple stress tolerant varieties (STRVs)
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
Objective #6: Scaling up Seed Multiplication, Dissemination, Varietal Tracking & Impact assessment
AC6.2.2 Identify areas affected by multiple stresses (flash flood+ stagnant flood; flash flood + drought; flash flood + salinity) using remote sensing, GIS and ground truthing and shared with agriculture departments, marketing and other agencies involved in seed dissemination
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
Major on-going activities at AfricaRice
• Mapping rice using radar satellite images• Mapping inland valley / lowland systems using
Digitial Elevation Models• Mappping potential for development of rice
systems in inland valley systems• Mapping abiotic stresses in rice production
systems
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
Mapping rice using so-called radar satellite images
Cases studies:• Irrigated rice in Senegal • Rainfed rice in Benin
Next years expanding to other parts of Africa.
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Rice classification:
The rice classified areas are shown in pink colour; they are draped over the previous RGB colour composite.
Location of the validation points:
Green pentagons represent land cover other than rice.Yellow dots represent rice crops.
Dagana
Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
Mapping rice inland valley systems using digital elevation models:
• Benin, Togo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso
• West-Africa validated country maps and statistics by 2018
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Spatial analysis – Mapping inland valleys
Remote Sensing – Beyond Images14-15 December 2013, Mexico City
Spatial analysis – Mapping inland valleys
Remote Sensing – Beyond Images14-15 December 2013, Mexico City
Spatial analysis – Mapping inland valleys
Remote Sensing – Beyond Images14-15 December 2013, Mexico City
Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Presentation outline
1. Introduction to spatial analysis at AfricaRice + link to STRASA
2. Advances and goals for abiotics stress mapping
3. Partnerships and way forward
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
Drought
Cold / heat stresses
Submergence
Salinity
Iron toxicity
Options for mapping: survey results or spatial analysis results using remote sensing and GIS?
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
Drought
Cold / heat stresses
Submergence
Salinity
Iron toxicity
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Requires meteorological data from stations and remote sensing:• Temperature (minimum / maximum)• Precipitation• Evapotranspiration
Abiotic stress mapping
Preparation of inputs: meteorological data bases
- Collecting daily measurements of 300 stations and creating data base (finished)
- Hand-over of adjusted NASA/POWER data basefrom IRRI (finished)
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
Preparation of inputs: meteorological data bases
- Collecting daily measurements of 300 stations and creating data base (finished)
- Hand-over of adjusted NASA/POWER data base from IRRI (finished)
- Downloading / importing / validating of remote sensing products of precipitation and evapotranpiration (on-going)
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
Preparation of inputs: meteorological data bases
- Collecting daily measurements of 300 stations and creating data base (finished)
- Hand-over of adjusted NASA/POWER data base from IRRI (finished)
- Downloading / importing / validating of remote sensing products of precipitation and evapotranpiration (on-going)
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
Preparation of inputs: rice growing seasons
Where and when is rice growing?
Crop phenology (windows for planting / vegetative stage / harvest)
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
Preparation of inputs: rice growing seasons
Where and when is rice growing?
Crop phenology (planting / vegetative / harvest)
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Peak of planting date(Julian day)
Abiotic stress mapping
Cold / heat stresses
Data sources:• spatial data base of minimum and maximum
temperature (NASA/Power)• General growing seasons of rice
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Tmax > 35 °C for 10 days during this period
Daytime heat stress
Nighttime heat stress
VegetativeVegetative ReproductiveReproductive RipeningRipening
Tmin > 25 °C for 15 days during this period
Heat stressThresholds, duration and critical rice growth stage
Abiotic stress mapping
Cold / heat stresses
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
Cold / heat stresses
• 35oC threshold of air temperature is valid for humid climates
• In dry, Sahelian climates not valid due transpirational cooling of the plants
• New model is being developed incorporating relative humidity to derive spikelet temperature
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
Submergence
• Sub1 gene allows plants to be subermegent up to two weeks without yields loss
• Type of floods: stagnant floods or flash floods of several days up to two weeks
• Requires characterization of flood events in lowland ecology
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
Submergence
Tools, simple hydrological model that can assess submergence events based on:• Digital elevation model• Lowland area • Precipitation from remote sensing
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Abiotic stress mapping
Submergence
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
IHAS hydrological
model
Digital ElevationModel
Lowland areas
Floods characterized:• Timing of event• Depth• Frequency
precipitation
Abiotic stress mapping
Salinity – no strategy developed yet
Drought – assessment of exisiting drought indicators and use similar approach as temperature stress mapping (growing season, spatial data, assess frequency of drought over last 30 years)
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Way forward
• Many efforts have been made on preparation of input data, not yet on mapping the stresses
• Limited human and financial resources
• (already) strong collaboration with IRRI’s GIS lab will be intensified to develop, test and implement common approaches for mapping abiotic stresses
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
Objective #6: Scaling up Seed Multiplication, Dissemination, Varietal Tracking & Impact assessment
AC6.2.2 Identify areas affected by multiple stresses (flash flood+ stagnant flood; flash flood + drought; flash flood + salinity) using remote sensing, GIS and ground truthing and shared with agriculture departments, marketing and other agencies involved in seed dissemination
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Partnerships and way forward
• Webmapping is an option to disseminate maps on occurence and frequency of stresses
• Pro-active approach towards extension services, agricultural departments, farmer organizations, seed producers and sellers to gain interest in the tools and maps that will be developed
STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshopFebruary 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin
Thank you! Merci!
Center of Excellence for Rice Research