MAP PROJECTIONS - Exploration of Google Earth Gmat 2700 Geometry of Coordinate Reference Systems.

MAP PROJECTIONS - MAP PROJECTIONS -

Exploration of Exploration of Google EarthGoogle Earth

Gmat 2700Gmat 2700

Geometry of Coordinate Geometry of Coordinate Reference SystemsReference Systems

Exploration of Google Earth (GMAT 2700) Exploration of Google Earth (GMAT 2700) Donny Darmawan Donny Darmawan

Introduction to Google EarthIntroduction to Google EarthGoogle Earth is a geographic Google Earth is a geographic information program that have information program that have been put together by Google inc. been put together by Google inc. to give the public a greater to give the public a greater exploration of the world.exploration of the world.

Google Earth combines satellite Google Earth combines satellite imagery, maps and the power of imagery, maps and the power of Google search (database system) Google search (database system) to put the world’s geographic to put the world’s geographic information into a simple easy to information into a simple easy to use program. Updated and pre-use program. Updated and pre-paid Google Earth also involve paid Google Earth also involve GPS as one of their input and GPS as one of their input and allow csv. Files to be inserted into allow csv. Files to be inserted into the geographic information the geographic information system.system.


Relating Google Earth and Relating Google Earth and Map projectionMap projection

Map projection is basically:Map projection is basically:(picture taken from (picture taken from

http://www.keyhole.com/GoogleEarthHelp/Importing/Projections.htm)http://www.keyhole.com/GoogleEarthHelp/Importing/Projections.htm)


Relating Google Earth and Relating Google Earth and Map projectionMap projection

When building whole-earth databases, a single When building whole-earth databases, a single global projection is the most convenient to use. global projection is the most convenient to use.

Google Earth uses Google Earth uses Simple Cylindrical Simple Cylindrical projectionprojection for its imagery base because this is a for its imagery base because this is a simple map projection where the meridians and simple map projection where the meridians and parallels are equidistance, straight lines, with the parallels are equidistance, straight lines, with the two sets crossing at right angles. two sets crossing at right angles.

This projection is also known as WGS84 which is This projection is also known as WGS84 which is identical to MGA94 identical to MGA94


Simple Cylindrical Projection Simple Cylindrical Projection

The aim of the simple The aim of the simple cylindrical projection is to cylindrical projection is to minimise the distortion of minimise the distortion of the curved earth to make the curved earth to make a better approximation, if a better approximation, if not accurate, of the not accurate, of the Google Earth image. Google Earth image.

The projection used in The projection used in Google Earth is The Google Earth is The Universal Transverse Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projectionMercator (UTM) projection


UTM ProjectionUTM Projection

This projection is based on a cylinder and the This projection is based on a cylinder and the tangent of that cylinder is the meridian of tangent of that cylinder is the meridian of longitude. The UTM divides the world into zones. longitude. The UTM divides the world into zones. These 6º zones are useful to eliminate These 6º zones are useful to eliminate distortions. The scale factor is therefore 0.9996 distortions. The scale factor is therefore 0.9996 which is close to 1, the true value of northing and which is close to 1, the true value of northing and eastingeasting


Using Google EarthUsing Google Earth

Google Earth is Google Earth is very user friendly very user friendly because it provide because it provide with many different with many different function in a click function in a click of a mouse. of a mouse.

These functions These functions include: zooming, include: zooming, rotating, tilting, rotating, tilting, moving around, moving around, locating grid north.locating grid north.


Functions of Google EarthFunctions of Google Earth

Define accurate Define accurate latitude and latitude and longitude.longitude.

Define building Define building terrain like 3D terrain like 3D objects and other objects and other layers such as layers such as population.population.

Locate and save Locate and save places.places.


Other useful function of Google Other useful function of Google Earth (extra)Earth (extra)

World Cup Stadium for World Cup Stadium for Germany 2006Germany 2006

Flu outbreaks and Flu outbreaks and important informationimportant information

Interesting sites such Interesting sites such as wonders of the as wonders of the world and strip clubsworld and strip clubs

Traffic controlTraffic control Weather forecastWeather forecast Driving navigationDriving navigation etcetc


Useful Example of Google EarthUseful Example of Google Earth

The Indonesian The Indonesian volcano in Mount volcano in Mount Merapi is expected to Merapi is expected to erupt slowly.erupt slowly.

Google Earth helps in Google Earth helps in identifying the extend identifying the extend of the volcano if it is to of the volcano if it is to erupt and give erupt and give warnings for people’s warnings for people’s evacuation.evacuation.


ConclusionConclusion

Because of Google Because of Google Earth, many people Earth, many people have become aware at have become aware at the importance of the importance of Geographic Geographic Information System Information System (GIS) and learn to (GIS) and learn to appreciate map appreciate map projections. Suddenly, projections. Suddenly, it is easy to it is easy to


ReferencesReferences Rechardus.P, 1972, “Map Projections”, Rechardus.P, 1972, “Map Projections”,

North-Holland Pusblishing Company, North-Holland Pusblishing Company, LondonLondon

Iliffe.J.C, 2000, “datums and map Iliffe.J.C, 2000, “datums and map projections”,Whittle Publishing, UKprojections”,Whittle Publishing, UK

http://www.gearthblog.com/http://www.gearthblog.com/ http://www.keyhole.com/GoogleEarthHelp/http://www.keyhole.com/GoogleEarthHelp/

GoogleEarth.htmGoogleEarth.htm http://earth.google.com/index.htmlhttp://earth.google.com/index.html http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcrafthttp://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft

/notes/mapproj/gif/cylinder.gif/notes/mapproj/gif/cylinder.gif

MAP PROJECTIONS - Exploration of Google Earth Gmat 2700 Geometry of Coordinate Reference Systems.

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donny darmawan utm projection