MAP OF CHINA Population: 1.3 billion; Territory: 9.6 million Km 2 Numbers of City: 663 Urbanisation 40%

MAP OF CHINA

Population: 1.3 billion; Territory: 9.6 million Km2 Numbers of City: 663 Urbanisation 40%

Government Administrative System

Th

e State C

oun

cil

28 Min

istries or C

omm

ission

10 State B

urea

us &

37 Institu

tions an

d A

gents 

28 Provincial Governments,

or Autonomy Administrative Regions Governments

Some Bureau under direct leadership by the Ministries, e.g., Bureau of State Tax,

Industrial & Commercial Administrations

4 Metropolises under direct jurisdiction

Municipal Governmentsat Prefecture level

16 Cities at Quasi- Provincial level

Dept. of Different Functions

Urban Districts Governments

Counties Governments

Governments of Small Cities or Towns under ju

risdiction

Bureaus of Different Functions

Rural local G

overnments

Transition to Market Oriented Economy in China

• Devolution

• Marketisation

• Globalisation

Associated withRapid economic developmentUrbanisation

Devolution

• City becomes key player in the social and economic development, and the main competitor in the global economy;

• Separation of Ownership and Operation in the State Owned Enterprises;

• Devolution and separation of of fiscal and investment system

Revenues and Expenditure between Central and Local Governments

Revenue and Expendi ture

0. 010. 020. 030. 040. 050. 060. 070. 080. 090. 0

100. 0

Year

Perc

enta

ge

Central Government Expendi tureLocal Government Expendi tureCentral Government RevenueLocal Government Revenue

Marketisation

• Private Business takes 65% of total GDP. This ration will increase to 75% by 2010

• In 2001, private business employed 22 million. The number of private business took 70% of total enterprises of whole country.

• In many cities, 76% of investment comes from private loans, only 24% from state commercial banks, e.g., Wenzhou.

Globalisation

050

100150200250

300350400450500

19

79-1

983

198

4

198

5

198

6

198

7

198

8

198

9

199

0

199

1

199

2

199

3

199

4

199

5

199

6

199

7

199

8

199

9

Forei gn Loans FDI Val ueOther Forei gn I nvestment

Open Door policy since late 1970s Incremental integration in the international economy Involvement of FDI and its significance in the domestic

economy

Major Co-urban Areas in China

Main Index of The Three Main Co-urban Area in 2000

Population

('000)

Area

(Km2)

GDP

(100 million Yuan)

GDP Per Capita

(Yuan/person)

FDI

(100 million US Dollar)

Beijing-Tianjin-Tanshan

30970 48629 5402 17442 17442

Yangtze River Delta

69050 92937 14800 21433 21433

Pearl River Delta

25640 54747 7522 29336 29336

Percentage in Whole Nation

9.92 2.04 31.0 -- --

Co-urban Area with Shanghai as its Core in Yangtze River Delta

Urban Development Tendency in Pearl River Delta

Rapid Urbanisation and Industrialisation

Beijing, Capital of China

• Population:14.56 million

• Total area: 16,800 Km2

• 18 million by 2020

• 20,000 persons/Km2 in urban area;

Main Distributor Road Map and Ring Roads

A new of 7 million population from 300000 residents in 2 decades

Small town with informal business

Modern citybut where it should go nex

t?

Urbanisation Promoted by Industrialisation

Urbanisation with Township and Rural Industriali

zation

Problems and Challenges in China

• Poor capacity in technology innovation. Objective has been decided to have “Designed or Invented in China” instead of “Made in China”

• Critical conflict between environmental capacity and economic development, especially process of industrialisation.

• Great risk of unemployment.• Unbalance regional development and polarisation

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