Many agroforestry systems in Europe

✓ Many agroforestry systems in Europe

✓ Traditional agricultural crops and practices

✓ Conservation of ancient cultivar

✓ High biocultural values to be preserved

✓ Expression of the coevolution betweenterritories and rural communities(Agnoletti, 2014)

✓ Strongly linked with local traditions

✓ Capability to integrate productive aspects,agronomics tecniques and relationship withnatural environment and internationally isvery topical

Vineyards terraced landscapes belong to the category of theHISTORYCAL RURAL

LANDSCAPES

Alto Douro Wine Region (Portugal)

Langhe-Roero and Monferrato (Italy)

Agnoletti M. (2014). Rural landscape, nature conservation and culture: Some notes on research trends and management approaches from a (southern) European perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning 126: 66-73. ISSN 0169-2046.

The conservation of traditional land uses and agricultural landscapes areinternational priorities

WORLD HERITAGE LIST of UNESCO

Traditional rural landscape has been recognised as a common good by international organizations that, with the objective of their promotion, have developed some project

GLOBALLY IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL HERITAGE SYSTEMS (GIAHS) - FAO

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RURAL LANDSCAPES, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGES – Italian Ministry: Mipaaft

In Italy

Ravello, Amalfi Coast - UNESCO’s World Heritage

WORLD HERITAGE LIST of UNESCO

✓ Universal value

✓ Depository of a unique cultural meaning

✓ Recognized and preserved as a patrimony of humanity

✓ 1093 sites inscribed all over the World (2019)

✓ Cultural heritage + cultural landscapes (845 sites)

✓ Natural heritage (209 sites)

✓ Mixed heritage sites (38 sites) ✓ Italy: 55 sites

✓ 19 rural landscapes are included in the List for their distinctive agroforestry systems and traditional practices

P. GULLINO, G.L.BECCARO, F. LARCHER, 2015. Assessing and Monitoring the Sustainability in Rural World Heritage Sites. Sustainability 7, pp. 14186-14210. DOI: 10.3390/su71014186

GLOBALLY IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL HERITAGE SYSTEMS (GIAHS) - FAO

http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/en/

✓ 57 sites inscribed all over the World

✓ 6 sites inscribed in Europe

✓ 2 sites inscribed in Italy:

✓ Agricultural heritage systems and theirassociated landscapes, agriculturalbiodiversity and knowledge systems

✓ Landscape has been co-evolved with rural communities and is something of dynamic

✓ Stimulates dynamic conservations policies

1) Olives groves of the slopes between Assisi and Spoleto

1) Soave traditional vineyards

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RURAL LANDSCAPE, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE – Italian Ministry: Mipaaft

13 Historical rural landscape inscribed2 Agricultural practices

Ivrea’s Morainic Amphitheatre terracced landscapein the candidature phase

✓ Evaluates the significance, integrity, vulnerability and permanence of historical landscapes and traditional agricultural practices

✓ Promotes research activities related to: preservation, management and planning of the rural landscape and bio-cultural diversity

✓ Stimulates policies of territory development and local communities’ partecipation

CASE STUDY: Ivrea’s Morainic Amphitheatre terracced landscape

North

North East

East

South East

South

South West

West

North West

Regional boundaries

Dora Baltea River

Lakes

Traditional cultivation and practises

✓ Vine is the traditional cultivation

✓ Origin from Salassi – Pre-Roman epoch

✓ Traditional vine variety: Nebbiolo cv Picotender

✓ High quality: DOC CaremaDOC CanaveseSlow food Carema

✓ Nebbiolo grape’s variety: vigorousplant but prone to branch break ifsubjected to the wind

LONG PRUNING AND PERGOLA FROM AOSTA VALLEY BREEDING

TECNIQUE

✓ Called Pilun

✓ Primary function: support for thebreeding tecniques

✓ Secondary function: Reduction oftemperature rangebetween day and night

LANDSCAPE LANDMARK

STONE COLUMN

CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRACES

✓ Extended for more than 200.000 hectares in Italy (Bonardi et al., 2016)

✓ Morphological variation at the slope scale

✓ Reduction of erosive processes: terraces increase the water infiltration’ rate and reduce surface runoff

✓ Anthropogenic soils classified as TecnicCambisols (Escalic) (Freppaz et al., 2008)

✓ Biocultural values

✓ The “Art of dry stone walling” was inscribed by Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Slovenia, Spain and Switzerland, during 2018, in the UNESCO’s “Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity”

Bonardi L., Varotto M. (2016). Paesaggi Terrazzati d’Italia. Eredità storiche e nuove prospettive. FrancoAngeli, Milano, pp. 49-52. ISBN 978-88-917-4343-5.Freppaz, M., Agnelli, A., Drusi, B., Stanchi, S., Galliani, C., Revel Chion, V., Zanini, E. (2008). Soil quality and fertility: studies in the Valle d’Aosta. In: Fontanari, E., Patassini, D. Terraced Landscapes of the Alps. Projects in Progress. Marsilio, Venice, pp. 37-39. ISBN 978-88-317-9486.

Dry stones walling

Cultivate soil

Drainage stones

Slope

✓ Difficulty for the meccanization

✓ Ageing of farming communiies

✓ Land pulverization

✓ Exodus from the countyside

ELEMENTS OF VULNERABILITY: the abandonment

AIMS OF THE RESEARCH

✓ Evaluating Ivrea’s Morainic Amphitheatreterraced landscape

✓ Predicting landscape dynamics

✓ Defining analytical process of enanchement and management

✓ Simulating future landscape scenarios

✓ Multidisciplinary approach

✓ Cartographic and archivial analyses

✓ Field surveys

✓ Identify a set of indicators:

Land useViticulture characteristics

Historical landmarksFarmer’s tendencies

✓ Bottom-up approach:

Farmer interviews

✓ Software utilised: QGIS 2.18.1

Terraced wineyardsAltimetric curves (m a.s.l.)

CADASTRAL MAPSAVOY FAMILY

(1789)

All data presentedare not publishedyet

Photointerpretation

Cadastral map Savoy Family(1789)

Most recent orthophoto Piedmont Region(2011)

Cadastral maps sovraposition

Detail

1789

2017

HISTORICAL TERRACED LANDSCAPE PERIMETRATION

✓ 4 Municipalities:

Carema (1)

Settimo Vittone (2-3-4-5)

Nomaglio (6)

Borgofranco di Ivrea (7-8)

✓ 6 300 inhabitants

✓ 510 hectares

FUTURE SCENARIOS

✓ The introduction of new breeding techniques or new crops

✓ Introduction of a landscape change

✓ Obstruction of the abandonement,that in addition to landscape changes, could leads to hydrogeologicalinstability

Development of new formof espalier vine breeding to low slope and more extended surface of the terrace

… New crops …

Olive trees

Small fruits

P. GULLINO, M. DEVECCHI, F. LARCHER 2018. How can different stakeholders contribute to rural landscape planning policy? The case study of Pralormo municipality (Italy). Journal of Rural Studies 57, pp. 99–109.

✓ The research allowed to understand the importance of terraced rural landscapes, due to their historical and cultural values, and underlined that some processof abandonement are underway

✓ Metodology of research isreplicable in other case studies

✓ In order to predict future scenarios, will be organizedfocus groups with winemakers and farmers (Gullino et al., 2018)

FIELD TRIP

Torredaniele (Settimo Vittone)

Cesnola (Settimo Vittone)

✓ 3 km

✓ Connection with Torredaniele and Cesnola that are two districts of Settimo Vittone

✓ Wide intervisibility on the terraced areas and on the Morainic Amphitheatre

✓ Presents lot of areas cultivated in the traditional way (pergola from Aosta Valley), other in abandonment and others where the new espalier vine breeding has been introduced.

✓ 160 m a.s.l.