2012 IMEMTS, Las Vegas, NV Not Export Controlled – Releasable to Foreign Persons (S2DSEA2012-0197) 1 Manufacture of Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) by the Benziger Method at Holston Army Ammunition Plant 2012 Insensitive Munitions & Energetic Material Technology Symposium *Mike Ervin, Ed LeClaire, Dr. David Price, Dr. Neil Tucker BAE System Ordnance Systems / Holston AAP Tim Mahoney US Navy, NAVAIR - China Lake Crane Robinson US Army, PM-Joint Services Dr. Bradley Sleadd US Navy, NSWC - Indian Head Lewis Steinhoff US Department of Energy, NNSA
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2012 IMEMTS, Las Vegas, NV
Not Export Controlled – Releasable to Foreign Persons (S2DSEA2012-0197) 1
Manufacture of Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) by the Benziger Method at Holston Army Ammunition Plant
2012 Insensitive Munitions & Energetic Material Technology Symposium
*Mike Ervin, Ed LeClaire, Dr. David Price, Dr. Neil Tucker BAE System Ordnance Systems / Holston AAP
Tim Mahoney US Navy, NAVAIR - China Lake
Crane Robinson US Army, PM-Joint Services
Dr. Bradley Sleadd US Navy, NSWC - Indian Head
Lewis Steinhoff US Department of Energy, NNSA
2012 IMEMTS, Las Vegas, NV
Not Export Controlled – Releasable to Foreign Persons (S2DSEA2012-0197) 2
Briefing Outline
• Review of Benziger TATB Synthesis Process
• Needs and Recent History on TATB Requirements & Manufacture
• TATB Program Overview
• Qualification of TATB and PBX Formulations from Holston Army
Ammunition Plant (HSAAP)
• TATB Facilitization and Qualification Schedule
• Conclusions and Way Forward
• Acknowledgements
2012 IMEMTS, Las Vegas, NV
Not Export Controlled – Releasable to Foreign Persons (S2DSEA2012-0197)
Review Benziger Synthesis for TATB
• 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene (TCB) is used as the starting material
for both Wet-aminated and Dry-aminated TATB
• TCB is nitrated in an Oleum / Nitric Acid solution to yield
1,3,5-Trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TCTNB)
3
First Step - Nitrate TCB to TCTNB
Oleum
2012 IMEMTS, Las Vegas, NV
Not Export Controlled – Releasable to Foreign Persons (S2DSEA2012-0197)
Review Benziger Synthesis for TATB
• TCTNB is aminated with ammonia gas to yield 1,3,5-triamino-
2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)
• The Type of TATB depends on amination conditions (i.e
whether water and / or an emulsifier is present in the reaction)
• TATB physical attributes influenced in amination step (i.e.