Manual Tank

September 2008

Dear TANK User, Enclosed please find a CD containing Version 3.10 of the TANK (API-650/653 Design & Analysis) program. The changes made to the program for Version 3.10 include:

• Incorporated API-650 11th Edition edits • Relocated\Examplesand\Systemdirectories to %allusersprofile%, consistent with Microsoft recommendations. • Added Metric bolt tables. • Colorized Output Reports.

Version 3.10 has passed internal QA and should not present any problems. If you have any questions, comments, suggestions, or problems, please contact the TANK development staff.

Regards,

TANK Development Staff

Important Notes/Technical Changes

TANK 3.10 implements the changes made to the 11th Edition of API-650. There are a number of major changes to the Code in this Addendum. These changes mean that tank evaluations to earlier editions of API-650 (and earlier versions of TANK) may yield different results when re-evaluated by 11th Edition rules. The most significant changes in this Edition that will impact computational results are:

• The stress calculation for the annular base plate thickness determination has been changed. • A new equation form is provided for the frangible area limit. • A number of corrections have been made to the equations found in Appendix E. • The roof live load has been reduced from 25 psf to 20 psf. • The removal of the 2nd equation from Appendix F Section F.5.1.

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This proprietary software is the property of COADE/Engineering Physics Software, Inc. and is provided to the user pursuant to a COADE/Engineering Physics Software, Inc. program license agreement containing restrictions on its use. It may not be copied or distributed in any form or medium, disclosed to third parties, or used in any manner except as expressly permitted by the COADE/Engineering Physics Software, Inc. program license agreement.

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TANK - API 650/653 ANALYSIS-3.10

Last Revised 09/2008

Copyright © 1994-2009 COADE, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

i

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1

TANK Overview....................................................................................................................................... 1-2 Technical Support ..................................................................................................................................... 1-3 Program Interface Generalities ................................................................................................................. 1-4

Help ............................................................................................................................................... 1-4 Units .............................................................................................................................................. 1-5 In-Field Computations ................................................................................................................... 1-5 Error Checking .............................................................................................................................. 1-5

Program Capabilities................................................................................................................................. 1-6 Program Hardware Requirements ............................................................................................................. 1-8 Software Revision Procedures .................................................................................................................. 1-9

Identifying Builds .......................................................................................................................... 1-9 Can Builds Be Applied to Any Version? ....................................................................................... 1-9 Announcing Builds ........................................................................................................................ 1-9 Obtaining Builds............................................................................................................................ 1-9 What is Contained in a Specific Build? ....................................................................................... 1-10 Installing Builds........................................................................................................................... 1-10 Detecting/Checking Builds .......................................................................................................... 1-10 Archiving and Reinstalling an Old, Patched Version .................................................................. 1-10

Chapter 2 Installation 2-1

Installation Overview................................................................................................................................ 2-2 Installing TANK ............................................................................................................................ 2-3 Installing TANK In Silent Mode ................................................................................................... 2-8

Chapter 3 Program Configuration 3-1

Customizing TANK .................................................................................................................................. 3-2 Computation Control ................................................................................................................................ 3-4

Roof Projection in Wind Moment ................................................................................................. 3-4 10% Plus 5 psf in Wind Moment................................................................................................... 3-4 Generate Message File................................................................................................................... 3-4 Corroded Nozzles .......................................................................................................................... 3-4 653 Corroded Hydrotest Case........................................................................................................ 3-5 Modify Fluid Height by Pressure................................................................................................... 3-5 Full Shell Weight in App F............................................................................................................ 3-5 Shell Thickness Convergence Tolerance ....................................................................................... 3-5 Cosine Curve Tolerance ................................................................................................................ 3-5 Cosine Curve Iteration Limit ......................................................................................................... 3-6 Wind Girder Shell Thickness......................................................................................................... 3-6 Shell Settlement Method................................................................................................................ 3-6 Thickness Roundup to Nearest ... .................................................................................................. 3-6

ii Contents

Plate Material Density ................................................................................................................... 3-7 Round Anchor Bolts by ... ............................................................................................................. 3-7 Wind Moment for App F ............................................................................................................... 3-7

Database Definitions ................................................................................................................................. 3-8 Material File .................................................................................................................................. 3-8 Units File ....................................................................................................................................... 3-8 Structural Database........................................................................................................................ 3-8 Anchor Bolt Database.................................................................................................................... 3-8

Chapter 4 Quick Start 4-1

Starting TANK.......................................................................................................................................... 4-2

Chapter 5 Utilizing the Main Menu 5-1

The Main Menu ........................................................................................................................................ 5-2 The File Menu........................................................................................................................................... 5-3 The Input Menu ........................................................................................................................................ 5-4 The Analysis Menu ................................................................................................................................... 5-5 The Output Menu...................................................................................................................................... 5-6 The Tools Menu........................................................................................................................................ 5-7 The Diagnostics Menu .............................................................................................................................. 5-8 The ESL Menu........................................................................................................................................ 5-10 The View Menu ...................................................................................................................................... 5-13 The Help Menu ....................................................................................................................................... 5-14

Chapter 6 TANK Input 6-1

Creating Input ........................................................................................................................................... 6-2 The Tank Description Page....................................................................................................................... 6-5 General Tank Data .................................................................................................................................... 6-6

Input Fields - General Tank Data ................................................................................................ 6-11 Roof Data................................................................................................................................................ 6-20

Input Fields .................................................................................................................................. 6-22 Seismic Data ........................................................................................................................................... 6-33

Input Fields - Seismic .................................................................................................................. 6-33 Grillage Data........................................................................................................................................... 6-36

Input Fields - Grillage.................................................................................................................. 6-36 Nozzle Flexibilities ................................................................................................................................. 6-38

Input Fields - Nozzles .................................................................................................................. 6-39 Shell Settlement Data.............................................................................................................................. 6-43

Input Fields - Shell Settlement..................................................................................................... 6-43 API-653 Service Measurement Data....................................................................................................... 6-45

Bottom Post 3rd Edition .............................................................................................................. 6-45 Bottom Pre 3rd Edition................................................................................................................ 6-46 Manual Shell Course Specification.............................................................................................. 6-47 Input Fields - Service Measurement ............................................................................................ 6-48

Tank Sizing / Costing Scratch-pad.......................................................................................................... 6-51 Input Fields - Sizing Scratchpad.................................................................................................. 6-53

API-2000 Venting................................................................................................................................... 6-55 Input Fields - Venting.................................................................................................................. 6-55

Contents iii

Cycle Life Evaluation ............................................................................................................................. 6-58 Input Fields - Cycle Life.............................................................................................................. 6-58

External Pressure .................................................................................................................................... 6-60 Input Fields – External Pressure .................................................................................................. 6-60 Specified External Pressure (Pe).................................................................................................. 6-60 Elastic Modulus of the Roof Plate Material................................................................................. 6-61 Joint Efficiency of the Roof Plate (JEr)....................................................................................... 6-61 Joint Efficiency of the Shell Plate (JEs) ...................................................................................... 6-61 Joint Efficiency of Splice or Stiffener Sections (JEst)................................................................. 6-61 Allowable Compressive Stress for Bottom Stiffener (Fc) ........................................................... 6-61 Allowable Compressive Stress for Top Stiffener (Fc)................................................................. 6-61 Bottom Plate Thickness (Tb) ....................................................................................................... 6-61 Smallest Allowable Tensile Stress of Roof, Shell, and Stiffeners (f) .......................................... 6-62 Roof Dish Radius (R) .................................................................................................................. 6-62

Chapter 7 Error Checking 7-1

The Error Checker Module ....................................................................................................................... 7-2 Warning & Error Options ......................................................................................................................... 7-4 Completing the Error Check Phase ........................................................................................................... 7-5

Chapter 8 Analysis/Solution Phase 8-1

Analysis .................................................................................................................................................... 8-2 TANK Program Files ................................................................................................................................ 8-3 Solution Overview .................................................................................................................................... 8-4

Chapter 9 Local Graphics Output 9-1

The Local Graphics Menu......................................................................................................................... 9-2 Tank Layout Sketch .................................................................................................................................. 9-5 Shell Settlement Plots ............................................................................................................................... 9-7 Nozzle Interaction Diagrams .................................................................................................................... 9-9 Supported Cone Roof Sketches............................................................................................................... 9-12

Chapter 10 Output Report Generation 10-1

Output Overview..................................................................................................................................... 10-2 Output Report Discussions...................................................................................................................... 10-4

Job Title Page .............................................................................................................................. 10-4 User Input Data............................................................................................................................ 10-5 Error Checker LOG File .............................................................................................................. 10-6 Message File ................................................................................................................................ 10-7 Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights ........................................................................................ 10-8 Roof Evaluation......................................................................................................................... 10-10 Seismic Analysis Results ........................................................................................................... 10-14 Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results ............................................................................................ 10-15 Settlement Checks ..................................................................................................................... 10-16 API-2000 Venting Output.......................................................................................................... 10-17 API-650 Bolting Report............................................................................................................. 10-18

iv Contents

API-650 Cycle Life Output........................................................................................................ 10-19 API-650 External Pressure Output ............................................................................................ 10-20

Chapter 11 Examples 11-1

Example Problem APP_K....................................................................................................................... 11-2 Example Problem O_WC........................................................................................................................ 11-3 Example Problem A_WC........................................................................................................................ 11-4 Example Problem KOCZWARA............................................................................................................ 11-5 Example Problem B&Y .......................................................................................................................... 11-6 Example Problem SSTEST1................................................................................................................... 11-7 Example Problem TEST1 ....................................................................................................................... 11-8 Example Problem SSC1.......................................................................................................................... 11-9 Example Problem APP_P ..................................................................................................................... 11-10 Example Problem EXTERN01 ............................................................................................................. 11-11 Example Problem SEIS01..................................................................................................................... 11-12

Chapter 12 Appendix A - Program File List 12-1

Main Set .................................................................................................................................................. 12-2 Help & Error Processing Set ................................................................................................................... 12-3 English Text Set...................................................................................................................................... 12-4 API Data Set ........................................................................................................................................... 12-5 Examples Data Set .................................................................................................................................. 12-6

Chapter 13 Appendix B - Standard Units Systems 13-1

Chapter 14 Appendix C - List of Materials 14-1

* ASTM Standards.................................................................................................................................. 14-2 * CSA Standards ..................................................................................................................................... 14-3 * National Standards ............................................................................................................................... 14-4 * ISO 630 ................................................................................................................................................ 14-5 * Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependant)........................................................................................... 14-6 * Unknown For API-653 ........................................................................................................................ 14-7

Chapter 15 Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives 15-1

Chapter 16 Appendix E - Revision History 16-1

Version 1.10 Changes (6/94) .................................................................................................................. 16-2 Version 1.20 Changes (11/94) ................................................................................................................ 16-3 Version 1.30 Changes (8/95) .................................................................................................................. 16-4 Version 1.31 Changes (2/96) .................................................................................................................. 16-5 Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) .................................................................................................................. 16-6

Contents v

Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) .................................................................................................................. 16-7 Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) .................................................................................................................. 16-8 Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99) ........................................................................................................ 16-9 Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) ................................................................................................................ 16-10 Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) ................................................................................................................ 16-11 Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) ................................................................................................................ 16-12 Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) ................................................................................................................ 16-13 Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) ................................................................................................................ 16-14 Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) .............................................................................................................. 16-15 Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) .............................................................................................................. 16-16 Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) ................................................................................................................ 16-17

Chapter 17 Appendix F - Selected References 17-1

1-1

This chapter introduces the user to TANK.

C H A P T E R 1

Chapter 1 Introduction

In This Chapter TANK Overview ........................................................ 1-2 Technical Support....................................................... 1-3 Program Interface Generalities................................... 1-4 Program Capabilities .................................................. 1-6 Program Hardware Requirements .............................. 1-8 Software Revision Procedures.................................... 1-9

1-2 TANK - API 650/653 ANALYSIS-3.10

TANK Overview

TANK is a computer-based software tool for the design and analysis of large storage tanks, which implements the API-650 and API-653 design codes. TANK incorporates interactive dialogs for user input, cell specific help for guidance and information, input validation to avoid run time errors, and extensive diagnostics to assist in problem resolution.

This manual provides detailed instructions for the installation, configuration, and operation of the program. Every effort has been made to create a user interface as obvious as possible. However, when in doubt, rely on the help system, which can be launched by pressing F1.

Introduction 1-3

Technical Support

COADE understands the engineer’s need to produce efficient, economical, and expeditious designs. To that end, COADE has a staff of professionals ready to address questions raised by users. TANK support is available by telephone, e-mail, fax, the web site, and by mail. It is expected, however, that questions focus on the current version of the program.

Technical Support Phone Numbers and Email

Phone: 1+(281) 890-4566 Internet: [email protected]

Fax: 1+(281) 890-3301 Web: www.coade.com


Program Interface Generalities

As briefly mentioned in the Introduction, the program interface has been designed to be obvious and easy to use. Several of the more important interface characteristics are discussed in this section.

Help

One of the most important features of TANK is the help system, which is designed to be available anytime input is required from the user. Help on a particular input cell can be obtained by pressing the [F1] key. Once the help system has been activated, the appropriate information is displayed to the user in an interactive window. When the help text pertains to an input cell which is units specific, the help text includes the expected input units in the title line. Note, these unit labels are dynamic and will change to reflect the currently active units file.

Figure 1.1 Sample Help Screen

Introduction 1-5

Units

The second important feature of the TANK interface is the units system. The units system is intended to provide consistent units sets while providing flexibility to switch between them. The following points detail the characteristics of the units system:

� Input Files - New and existing input files are always presented using the currently active set of units. The expected units for each data cell are displayed on the dialog.

� Selecting a Units File - Most users will work in one predominate units system, it is important to select and set this system. The selection of the desired units system can be accomplished in the tool\configuration program. The four standard COADE supplied units systems are listed in Appendix B.

� Reviewing Output - Output reports are always generated at the time of the request, using the currently active units file. TANK provides the user with the ability to switch units for output generation. This provides the ability to review the output in several sets of units without re-running the analysis.

� Creating Units Sets - COADE supplies four standard units sets with TANK. In some instances additional sets may be required. A utility program can be launched from the Main Menu to generate additional units files.

In-Field Computations

The third important feature of the interface is the ability to perform simple computations in the input cells. For example, a corrosion allowance of 3/32 can be entered as 3/32 instead of 0.09375. The four basic math operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) are supported in the input cells. This input calculator feature is quite useful for quick conversions when a calculator is out of reach.

Error Checking

A final point to note about the TANK interface is the error detection and diagnostic reporting module. Even though TANK validates the user’s input data, there is still the potential for abort conditions to arise during the analysis. These conditions can be caused by system problems (full hard disks) or API Code restrictions (Appendix A limits thicknesses to 1/2 inch). When such a fatal condition occurs, the program attempts to trap the error, assign it a numeric value which is indexed to a database, and finally reports the problem to the user. This diagnostic reporting can be launched from any module of the program and utilizes the same interface as the help system. Once the review of a specific error message is complete, the diagnostic utility allows the review of additional error messages if necessary. Upon exit from the diagnostic utility, user control is returned to the Main menu.


Program Capabilities

TANK incorporates the major considerations of API-650 Section 5, and several of the Appendices. This includes:

� Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to either the variable point method or the one foot method.

� Wind girder computations for the top and up to five intermediate girders.

� Minimum metal temperature reporting.

� Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to Appendix A.

� Seismic computations according to Appendix E.

� Internal pressure considerations according to Appendix F.

� Grillage computations according to Appendix I.

� Material modifications due to temperature according to Appendix M.

� Cycle Life computations according to Appendix M.

� Nozzle flexibilities and limiting loads according to Appendix P, including the limiting load interaction diagrams.

� Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix S.

� External pressure computations according to Appendix V.

� An alternate nozzle stiffness calculation routine according to PVP-1279.

� Tank sizing/costing scratch-pad

� A Material Database editor

TANK also incorporates the following considerations from API-653:

� Material modifications according to Section 2.3.

� Shell Settlement evaluation according to Appendix B.

� Retiring thicknesses and remaining corrosion allowance.

� Corroded hydrotest case

� Shell thickness evaluations using individual joint efficiencies and “L” locations

� Bottom Plate minimum thickness determinations

� Hydrotest heights

TANK can also design or analyze a supported cone roof according to the procedures outlined in Brownell & Young. TANK also incorporates venting computations from API-2000.

Introduction 1-7

TANK relies on a great deal of data specified in the API codes. This includes the material data from Table 5.2, and digitized data from Appendix P. Other data tables have also been incorporated into the program where necessary.

Every effort is made to insure that TANK is up to date with the current codes. (COADE continuously upgrades the software.)


Program Hardware Requirements

TANK requires Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista (Ultimate, Business, or Enterprise) with a minimum graphic card capability of 1024x768 resolution. However, for more efficient usage of the software, higher graphics resolutions are necessary. Usually any hardware capable of running these operating systems will be sufficient to run TANK. For effective use of TANK,COADE recommends as a minimum configuration:

� 2+ Ghz processor � 1+ Gbytes of RAM � 1280x1024 graphics resolution or better � 256+ Mbytes of video RAM � Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista (Ultimate, Business, or Enterprise)

Please note that Home Editions of Windows are not supported.

Introduction 1-9

Software Revision Procedures

COADE software products are not static; they change continually to reflect engineering code addenda, operational enhancements, user requests, operating system modifications, and corrections. New versions are planned and targeted for a specific release date. However, there may be corrections necessary to the currently shipping version, before the next version can be released. When this occurs, a correction to the currently shipping version is made. This correction is referred to as a Build.

Changes and corrections are accumulated until an error producing incorrect results is found. When this occurs, the build is finalized, announced, and posted to the Web site. Some COADE users have expressed concern over tracking, archiving, and distributing the various builds generated between major releases. In order to alleviate this problem for our users, all maintenance builds for new releases contain all previous builds. In other words, Build Y contains Build X. This increases the download size and time required to obtain the build, but only one build is required at any given time.

Identifying Builds

When posted on the Web builds are identified with the program identifier and the date the Build was generated. Builds have a naming convention, and resemble the following format: <TK><Version><date>.exe.

The file name format consists of a 2 character program abbreviation, the version indicator and the build date. Once the file has been downloaded and installed, the build date displays at the bottom right side of the Main menu, and also displays by clicking \HELP\ABOUT.

Can Builds Be Applied to Any Version?

No! As new versions are released, additional input items become necessary and must be stored in the program data files. In addition, file formats change, databases grow, and so on. A build is intended for one specific version of the software. Using a build on a different version (without specific advice from COADE personnel) is a sure way to cripple the software.

Announcing Builds

When a build becomes available all users who have "registered" the software are sent an email announcement. It is therefore imperative that you register the software following installation.

Obtaining Builds

Builds are posted to the website (http://www.coade.com). The builds are arranged in sub-directories by program. Each file contained in the directory includes a description defining what it contains, its size, and the date it was created. Determine which build file you need and download it.


What is Contained in a Specific Build?

Each build file contains a file named BUILD.TXT. This is an ASCII text file that can be viewed with any text editor or spooled to a printer. This text file contains a description of all corrections and enhancements made, that have been made to the software since the original release of this specific version. When necessary, additional usage instructions may be found in this file.

Installing Builds

The Build file is an InstallShield™ update package. Simply double click the build file(exe), follow any prompts and the software installation will update appropriately.

Detecting/Checking Builds

When a build is ready to be released, the Main menu module is revised to reflect the build level. This allows the user to see, on the Main Program menu, which build is in use. To see which program modules have been modified, you can run a COADE utility program from within the program directory.

From the UTILITY/TOOLS menu, select the COADE EXE Scanner option. This option scans each of the EXE modules in the program directory and lists its size, memory requirements, and build bevel. A sample display from this utility is shown in the figure below.

Reviewing this table shows which modules have been patched and to what level.

Archiving and Reinstalling an Old, Patched Version

When a new version of the software is released the old, existing distribution CD sent from COADE should be saved. Additionally, any builds obtained should also be archived with the original CD. This will allow full usage of this version at some later time, if it becomes necessary.

Introduction 1-11

To reinstall an older version of the software, the distribution CD from COADE should be installed first. Then, the last build should be installed. Each build includes the modifications made in all prior builds.

2-1

This chapter explains how to install TANK.

C H A P T E R 2

Chapter 2 Installation

In This Chapter Installation Overview ................................................. 2-2


Installation Overview

To begin the installation of TANK, insert the CD into the drive. The installation routine will start and the following screen displays.

This dialog contains four main controls, as follows:

� Install – Initiates the actual installation procedure. � Products – Lists all of the COADE products. � Contact Info – this option presents detailed COADE contact information. � Exit – Closes this dialog.


Installing TANK

The installation begins by clicking Install. When Install is activated, the dialog changes to show all of the installation options, as shown in the figure below.

Selecting Install ESL Driver launches Aladdin’s stand alone installation for the HASP driver, necessary to access the hardware key. Selecting Install Acrobat Reader launches Adobe’s stand alone installation for Acrobat Reader, necessary to access the TANK documentation files. Selecting Install TANK begins the installation of TANK as shown below. The first operation is the extraction of the MSI file.


As installation begins, a dialog opens displaying a progress indicator and the name of the file extracted.

Note: It is best if nothing else is running while the installation program runs. Most unsuccessful installation attempts can be attributed to other software running at the same time as the installation.

After the program completes extracting all the necessary files the Welcome dialog displays.

Click Next to continue.


The dialog to set the installation folder is presented next, as shown in the figure below.

The default destination directory is “c:\program files\coade\<product name>”, where “<product name>” reflects the program name and version.

To install the software in another location, click Change to the right of the dialog. A new dialog displays and at the bottom of the dialog, type the new destination folder, or use the buttons on the right to browse for the desired location. After the proper destination folder has been defined, click OK. This returns control to the dialog displayed above, from which Next should be clicked to continue the installation process.


The next dialog encountered is the Select ESL Color dialog. This selection defines whether a Local or Network key will be used, which determines which driver gets loaded. After selecting the appropriate key click Next.

An additional dialog is presented to allow one last chance to abort the installation. Clicking Install on this dialog transfers the software from the CD to the target destination directory.


As the installation progresses, the status is shown in a series of progress bars, as depicted in the figure below.

Once the files have been transferred, the Aladdin device driver installation routine is invoked to install the driver for the hardware lock, as shown in the figure below.

After successfully installing the HASP device driver, the following dialog displays. If this dialog does not display, installation of the driver was not successful and the software will not run.


Once the driver installation terminates, the installation routine cleans up and displays the next dialog. If the “readme.doc” file is to be viewed, enable this check box before clicking Finish.

Since a device driver was loaded, it is a good idea to restart Windows. The final dialog provides options to immediately restart Windows, or terminate the installation. Select the appropriate button.

Installing TANK In Silent Mode

In some instances it may be desired to install TANK without dealing with the dialogs, such as a network installation or a corporate repackaging. To launch TANK in “silent mode”, with no interaction from the user, perform these steps:

1 Navigate to the TANK subdirectory on the CD.

2 Issue the installation command as detailed below. Typically the ESL_ON_MACHINE and INSTALL_SILENT options are not necessary.


Command

Cmd= setup.exe /v"/qb PROPERTY_NAME="value" PROPERTY_NAME2="Value""

The /v switch is to pass msi commands

The /qb is a silent switch

Example:

Setup.exe /v"/qb INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" ESL_COLOR="Green""

This example installs silent with ESL color green.

Setup.exe /v"/qb INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" ESL_COLOR="Red" ESL_ON_MACHINE="Yes""

This example installs silent with ESL color red and ESL install locally.

Properties

INSTALLDIR (The path to load the installation files) � <target_dir>

ESL_COLOR (The ESL color)

� Red � Green

ESL_ON_MACHINE (This is only set if ESL color is red which is if the ESL will be on local machine or server)

� Yes � No

INSTALL_SILENT (Is to tell the install it's silent)

� Yes

� No

3-1

This chapter explains how to customize TANK once it has been installed.

C H A P T E R 3

Chapter 3 Program Configuration

In This Chapter Customizing TANK ................................................... 3-2 Computation Control.................................................. 3-4 Anchor Bolt Database ................................................ 3-7 Database Definitions .................................................. 3-8


Customizing TANK

Through the configuration program, users can configure program computations and databases. The configuration program can be launched directly from the Main menu.

Figure 3.1 TANK Main Program Menu


The first task of this module is to locate an existing setup file to use as a starting template. The program first looks for an existing configuration file in the current directory. If a configuration file is not found in the current directory, the configuration file from the program installation directory is used. Once the template configuration file has been read, the program displays its menu, shown in Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2 Configuration Program Menu

The configuration menu consists of two tabbed dialog screens, each of which is discussed in the following sections. A complete list of the configuration options with their default settings is contained in Appendix D (see "Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives" on page 15-1). Users should note that modifications to the configuration only affect analysis results if the input data is re-error checked. This is required since the configuration directives are written to the analysis files by the error checker.

The [D] buttons (when active) can be clicked to return the associated directive to its default value.


Computation Control

The computation control directives provide a way to modify the operation of the program. The directives in this category are described in the paragraphs below.

Roof Projection in Wind Moment

By default the program includes the triangular projection of the roof in the determination of the wind moment. If it is necessary to ignore the roof projection, and only include the tank shell projection, disable this check box.

10% Plus 5 psf in Wind Moment

According to API-650 Section 5.9.7.1, the design wind pressure is based on a velocity of 120 mph at an elevation of 30 feet. To account for an additional elevation or a gust factor, this velocity is increased by 10%. An additional 5 pounds per square foot is added to account for the inward drag associated with open-top tanks or the internal vacuum associated with closed-top tanks. This option can be used to disable the 10% + 5 psi increase, which may be necessary to comply with vendor requirements or other calculation procedures. The wind pressure computed is based on the user specified value of wind velocity (on page 6-14), and then modified as indicated by this directive.

Generate Message File

Enables the creation of an intermediate data file, containing computation results not presented in the formal output reports. Information contained in this file includes:

- iteration data during variable point solutions

- interpolation points from API curves and graphs

- and many other intermediate results

The file created by this option will reside in the current data directory and is named {jobname}.TXT. This file can be printed or viewed with any standard text editor. This file can also be viewed from the menu using TOOLS\FILE REVIEW\MESSAGE FILE.

Corroded Nozzles

This directive allows the user to indicate whether or not the flexibility computations of API-650 Appendix P should consider corrosion. BY DEFAULT CORROSION IS NOT CONSIDERED. If this check box is checked, the corrosion of the first shell course is used to modify the thickness used in the Appendix P computations FOR THE DESIGN CASE ONLY.


653 Corroded Hydrotest Case

This directive allows the user to consider the "HYDROTEST" case in a corroded condition - ONLY FOR API-653 RUNS. The default condition is not to corrode the TEST case, which is consistent with API-650. However, it may be desirable for API-653 tanks to consider a future hydrotest, by assuming a corroded TEST case.

Unchecked - Indicates that the TEST case should not be corroded. This is consistent with API-650 and is the program default.

Checked - Indicates that the TEST case should include the corrosion allowance specified by the user.

Modify Fluid Height by Pressure

This directive allows the user to consider the effects of internal pressure in the determination of the shell course thicknesses. By default, TANK follows API-650 exactly in computing the required shell course thicknesses (by One- Foot, Variable Point, or the Appendix A methods). However, some users have requested the ability to account for internal pressure by increasing the fluid head. If this directive is checked, then the methodology of Section F.7.1 will be implemented for all three thickness computation methods. Essentially, the Operating Liquid Level will be increased by (P/12G).

Full Shell Weight in App F

This directive is used to specify whether or not the corroded shell weight should be used in the computations of API-650 Appendix F (for internal pressure considerations). The default setting of this directive is "checked", which instructs TANK to use the full shell weight in Appendix F. Un-checking this directive instructs the program to use the corroded shell weight in the computations of Appendix F.

Shell Thickness Convergence Tolerance

This directive is used to set the convergence tolerance for the thickness design, when the variable point method is used. By default this value is .005 inches (.127mm).

Cosine Curve Tolerance

This directive is used to alter the convergence tolerance for the solution of the optimum cosine curve, necessary for API- 653, Appendix B computations. If there are convergence problems with the current data set, the following steps should be taken:

1 Review and verify the shell settlement input data.

2 Adjust this convergence tolerance upward.


Note that increasing the convergence tolerance reduces the accuracy of the solution. Alternatively, instead of changing the tolerance, the iteration limit may be increased.

Cosine Curve Iteration Limit

This directive specifies the maximum number of iterations performed by the program during the API-653, Appendix B settlement evaluation. If convergence problems exist with the current data set, try increasing the iteration limit to possibly converge. Note that increasing the iteration limit causes the solution to take longer.

Wind Girder Shell Thickness

This directive is used to indicate which shell course thickness the program uses in the wind girder computations. There are two choices as detailed below:

MAX - When this directive is set to MAX, the wind girder computation routine uses the maximum thickness for the shell courses, obtained from the design and test cases, IGNORING corrosion. The reasoning behind this setting is that the entire shell course will not be completely corroded.

DESIGN - When this directive is set to DESIGN, the wind girder computation routine uses the DESIGN thickness less any user specified corrosion allowance.

Shell Settlement Method

This directive indicates which method should be used in computing the optimum cosine curve for determining the out- of-plane shell deflection. The available methods are:

FOURIER SERIES - Implements the procedure outlined in the paper "Simple Method Calculates Tank Shell Distortion", by F. A. Koczwara, published in Hydrocarbon Processing, August 1980.

LEAST SQUARES - Employs a least squares approach to the solution of the optimum cosine curve.

Thickness Roundup to Nearest ...

This directive allows the user to specify a thickness increment, which is used to determine the final value of the shell thicknesses. THE COMPUTED VALUE OF THICKNESS IS ROUNDED UP TO THE NEAREST MULTIPLE OF THE INCREMENT. For example, if this directive is set to 0.125 (1/8 inch) and the computed shell course thickness is 0.2671 inches, the final value reported will be 0.375 inches. Setting this directive to 0.0 disables thickness round up and the computed values of shell thickness are reported, un-altered, in the output.


Plate Material Density

This directive allows the user to specify the value to be used for the density of the plate materials. This value is used to compute the weight of the shell, roof, and bottom plates.

Round Anchor Bolts by ...

This directive allows the user to specify how anchor bolts are selected by the program. By default, the number of bolts will be a multiple of 4. However, by changing this directive any multiple may be selected. (Note, the value entered here must be a "whole" number, i.e. 2., 3., 4., etc.)

Wind Moment for App F

This directive is used to specify which wind moment is to be used in the computations of Appendix F. By default the program will use the moment computed from Section 5.9.7.1 in Appendix F computations. However, if desired, the wind moment computed from Section 5.11 can be used. Note that the wind pressure computed according to Section 5.9.7.1 (based on the wind velocity (on page 6-14)) is used for the wind girder design, the wind pressure according to Section 5.11 is used for Over Turning Stability. This directive only affects which wind moment is passed into Appendix F for the allowed pressure in Section F.4.2.


Database Definitions

The directives in this group are used to set the data files the program references for units, structural shapes and materials. The directives in this category are described in the paragraphs below.

Material File

The possible selections for this cell are determined by the program by scanning the installation directory. Only valid COADE supplied material files will be placed in this selection list.

Units File

The possible selections for this cell are determined by the program by scanning the current directory, followed by a scan of the installation directory. Duplicate files found in the installation directory are ignored. A maximum of ten units files can be manipulated by this program. The user may generate additional custom units files if necessary via the Tools menu option Make Units

This cell specifies which units file will be used to generate all subsequent new input files, and all output reviews.

Structural Database

This directive allows the selection of the structural database, for use in the supported cone roof design module. Database files are supplied by COADE and support U.S. as well as International shape libraries. Shape libraries are available for the following countries:

Australia South Africa

Germany UK

Korea U.S.

Anchor Bolt Database

Enables users to select the Anchor Bolt database. Available options are:

� TEMA Imperial for use with Imperial units � TEMA Metric for use with SI Units � BS-3643 for British Standard bolts � SABS-1700 for South African Bolts

4-1

This chapter provides the user with instructions on how to get TANK running without reading the manual. It is assumed, that the program has been properly installed and configured, as detailed in

the Installation and Program Configuration chapters.

C H A P T E R 4

Chapter 4 Quick Start

In This Chapter Starting TANK ........................................................... 4-2


Starting TANK

Start TANK by selecting TANK from the Start menu or the desktop icon. The main menu is the control center for the user. From here jobs can be selected, defined, analyzed, and reviewed.

Figure 4.1 - Main TANK Menu

Use the Edit menu, or the toolbar icons to specify or update the input. Once the input has been defined, it must be error checked. The error checker validates the data for numeric consistency (i.e. diameters and thicknesses must be positive), and to enforce and API code requirements (i.e. thicknesses can not be less than the course above). If there are errors in the input data, analysis is prohibited - the user must correct these errors before proceeding. Warning messages are acceptable to the program - users should ensure that warning messages are acceptable to the current tank analysis. Details of the error checker are discussed in the 7 Chapter.

Assuming that error checking completed successfully, an intermediate data file is created for analysis; and control is returned to the main menu. From here, the user should select Analyze Only, which launches the analysis module. The analysis module displays the program execution

Chapter 4 Quick Start 4-3

screen which monitors the status of the solution. Upon completion of the analysis, a solution data file is created, and control is again returned to the main menu.

Once a solution data file is available, the user may select one of the Output menu options. Note, the analysis does not have to be re-run (unless the input data changes) prior to each output review session. As long as the job input parameters remain fixed, the output module can be launched as many times as required to interactively review the results or generate reports.

Figure 4.2 - Output Control Screen

When the user has finished reviewing the output, quit the output processor. User control then returns to the Main menu. The steps outlined above are summarized below.

1. From the Start menu click TANK.

2. Select a job, either new or old.

3. Define the input data. The error checker is launched from the Analysis menu.

4. Analyze the input data by clicking Analyze Only from the Analysis menu.

5. Select an option from the Output menu to review the analysis results and generate output reports.

5-1

This chapter discusses the Main menu and its use.

C H A P T E R 5

Chapter 5 Utilizing the Main Menu

In This Chapter The Main Menu .......................................................... 5-2 The File Menu ............................................................ 5-3 The Input Menu .......................................................... 5-4 The Analysis Menu .................................................... 5-5 The Output Menu ....................................................... 5-6 The Tools Menu ......................................................... 5-7 The Diagnostics Menu................................................ 5-8 The ESL Menu ........................................................... 5-10 The View Menu.......................................................... 5-13 The Help Menu........................................................... 5-14


The Main Menu

As discussed in Quick Start launch TANK by selecting TANK from the Start menu, or by double clicking the desktop icon. The Main menu is the point from which all decisions are made concerning what job is to be analyzed and what program function is to be launched.

Figure 5.1 - The Main Menu

The menu options allow input data definition, analysis, output review, configuration, utility tools, diagnostics, and help. The toolbar buttons are primarily concerned with the input options, but also include output review (both text and graphics), the Material Database editor, and ESL review.

The Main menu contains all of the options available in TANK. The options are arranged in groups, corresponding to the major topics on the menu. Each of these groups is discussed in the following sections.


The File Menu

The File menu consists of the standard Windows options for opening, saving, and printing the input for a specific job. Note that recently accessed jobs can be accessed from the MRU list. This MRU list allows quick access to the most recently accessed jobs, without the need to browse the hard disk.

Note that TANK can automatically start up and read in the data for the last job analyzed. This can be accomplished by selecting TOOLS\CONFIGURATION.


The Input Menu

The Input menu contains all of the input options necessary to define a TANK job. The input menu categorizes the data into logical groups, each accessed from the menu. Note that the icon to the left of the menu text is identical to the tool bar icon. Both the menu and the tool bar produce the same input dialog screen.

Figure 5.2 - Input Menu

The input options are discussed in detail in Chapter 6. Upon completion of the input, the Analysis Menu should be used to verify and/or analyze the job.


The Analysis Menu

The Analysis Menu contains three options: Error Check, Analyze, and Error Check and Analyze. TANK will not analyze a job until the input has been successfully error checked. If the input data successfully passes the error checker, an analysis file for the job is written, with a .TKE suffix. Details of the error checker can be found in Chapter 7.

Clicking Analyze launches the solution module, which produces the output file for the job. Note that this option is deactivated until the .TKE file is written by the error checker. The analysis module performs the solution step, either designing a tank or re-rating a tank, based on the user’s input parameters.

Figure 5.3 - Solution Phase Status Screen

Each solution step required for a particular job is enabled in bold text. Steps not required are disabled, grayed out. As each phase is completed, an asterisk is placed to the left of the task description. The start-up of the analysis processor is dependent on the data file created by the error checker. If the verified problem data, written to the .TKE file, cannot be located, the analysis module aborts with a fatal error message and control returns to the Main menu. This usually indicates that either error checking was not performed, or the input data contained errors and no .TKE file was generated. In any event, the analysis phase cannot commence without the verified input data. Details of the analysis processor can be found in Chapter 8.

The Error Check and Analyze option launches the error checker, and if the input passes the Error Checker, automatically launches the solution module. Control is returned to the user on the output review control panel.


The Output Menu

The Output Menu contains options for viewing text based reports, viewing graphical results, and changing the time stamp in the report headers. For viewing text based reports, three options are available: overwrite reports, append reports, and review latest reports.

� Overwrite Reports - Creates a new set of output reports, in the current units system, completely replacing any existing reports.

� Append Reports - Generates a new set of reports, in the current units system, at the end of the last set of reports.

� Review Latest Reports - Launches the output review control panel.

Figure 5.4 - Output Menu

These options allow a variety of output reports to be created, in multiple units systems if necessary.

� Local Graphics - Launches the graphics processor. This processor shows the results of the analysis graphically. Nozzle load interaction diagrams, shell settlement graphs, and supported cone roof designs can be viewed in this manner.

� Time Stamp - Allows the user to specify the time / date stamp for report headers. If this data is not specified, the current CPU time and date are used.

Additional details related to output processing can be found in Chapter 9.


The Tools Menu

The Tools menu contains miscellaneous options for program configuration, custom units systems, the Material Database editor, the batch stream processor and a text file review option.

Figure 5.5 - Tools Menu

� Configuration - Presents a tabbed dialog box which allows the alteration of computation parameters and database directives. For details of the program configuration, refer to Chapter 2.

� Custom Units - Launches a processor where existing units files can be reviewed, or new units files can be created. The use of this processor is discussed later in this chapter.

� Material Database Editor - Launches a processor which can be used to add materials to the current TANK database. The use of this processor is discussed later in this chapter.

� Batch Stream Processor - Launches a dialog where a number of jobs can be selected for subsequent analysis. The use of this option is discussed later in this chapter.

� File Review - Launches NotePad to review a user selected data file, created by a prior analysis. There are three files which can be reviewed in this manner: the error check log file, the batch log file, and the solution message file.

� Error Check Log File - Contains a listing of the errors and warning messages generated during the verification of the input data.

� Batch Log File - Contains a record of the start and stop times of the various processors launched during the solution of all job files selected for a multiple (batch stream) analysis.

� Message File - Contains intermediate results and code data produced during the solution phase. This information is useful in determining how certain values in the output were computed.

� Calculator - Displays a calculator users can use to perform mathematical computations.


The Diagnostics Menu

The Diagnostics menu provides the user with a number of tools to verify the integrity of the software and determine reasons for possible program difficulties.

Figure 5.6 - Diagnostics Menu

� CRC Check - Performs a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) on all of the program modules and data files in the program directory. The computed CRC value for each file is compared against the one computed by COADE and provided with the software. If the values do not match, then the offending file has been corrupted in some manner. Corruption could indicate bad distribution media, a bad spot on the hard disk where the software was installed, or a virus infection. If a CRC Check error occurs, the offending file must be replaced for successful program operation.

Figure 5.7 - CRC Check Dialog


� Build Version Checker - Scans each of the program modules and reports its internal version number. This is useful in determining if the current installation is up to date with any modifications available. This option also aids in detecting out of date modules and improper program installations. This utility presents the information dialog as shown in Figure 5.8. This display is initially presented sorted alphabetically by program/module name. However, clicking on any of the column titles will re-sort the display according to the selected column.

Figure 5.8 - Build Version Dialog

� Error Review Module - Allows the user to review the explanation for a particular error number. Should a “fatal error” occur, the software attempts to invoke this module automatically. However, if the explanation of a particular error is required at a later time, this module can be launched manually from the Diagnostic menu.

Figure 5.9 - Error Explanation


The ESL Menu

The ESL menu provides access to various functions which allow reporting and modification of the data stored on the ESL. The ESL is the External Software Lock, which is required to access the software. In the event there is an access problem with the ESL, most of the Main menu items will be disabled. However, all options on the ESL menu will still be active (as well as those on the Diagnostic menu).

Figure 5.10 - ESL Menu


In addition to allowing basic access to the software, the ESL contains a set of memory registers in which customer information is stored. This information consists of the client name, and ID number, date or run limits, versioning information, and the time stamp of the last access. This information can be viewed by clicking View ESL Information, or by clicking the ESL icon.

Figure 5.11 - ESL Information Display

The Log File button at the bottom of this window can be used to create a .TXT file of the information, suitable for transmission to COADE via fax or e-mail. The actual file name will be “ESLxxxxx.TXT”, where “xxxxx” is the ID number of the ESL. The file will reside in the program’s \system directory.

Occasionally, some of this date may require updating in the field. These updates encompass changes requested by the client, usually to extend limits, reset a date, or change the client name. The first two options of the ESL menu facilitate this task.

� Phone Update - Launches an interactive procedure, generating data for the user, and accepting instructions from the user. This interactive procedure requires the assistance of COADE personnel, to interact with the user via the telephone.


� Generate Fax Codes - Produces a screen with three numeric codes. These codes should be transmitted to COADE (either via fax or e-mail) with a request for exactly what ESL data should be modified. This option is similar to the phone update option, except it does not require the interaction of COADE personnel.

� Receive and Enter Fax Codes - Presents a grid on which the user can specify each set of four numeric codes, as generated by the COADE support staff. Each desired change to the ESL requires one set of four numeric codes. Each set of four codes should be entered on a single horizontal row in the grid. When all codes have been entered, click OK to enable the changes to the ESL. Use this option when you receive the reauthorization codes from COADE.


The View Menu

The View menu contains standard switches to enable or disable the various toolbars and the status bar, found in the frame area of the Main menu. By default, all options are enabled.

Figure 5.12 - The View Menu


The Help Menu

The Help menu contains a number of information options. .

Figure 5.13 - Help Menu

� Help Topics - Manually launches the HTML help system, and places the user on the main control panel. This HTML help system gives the user access to all of the help topics, in a hierarchical structure. In some instances, there may be links from one topic to another, giving the user added information on a topic if all of the links are followed. Additionally, the help system includes tables and graphics where appropriate. In order for the HTML help system to function, Microsoft's Internet Explorer must be installed on the system.

Figure 5.14 - HTML Help System


Typically, the HTML help system will be launched during a data input session, when additional information is required for a particular input item. In this case, pressing F1 displays the help system, with the selected topic displayed in the viewing (right hand) pane. Once in the HTML help system, the user is free to browse any other topic simply by navigating through the left hand pane. Additionally, the Search tab can be used to scan for a particular word or phrase. The TANK User Guide is provided in on-line HTML format. The entire manual can be reviewed from this menu option.

� Online Documentation - Launches Adobe Acrobat Reader for review of the TANK User Manual. This document is maintained in PDF format and is installed with the software. Users wanting a complete hard copy of this manual should print the PDF, instead of the HTML version.

� Animated Tutorials - Launches the tutorials that accompany the software. Use these tutorials to assist with understanding the usage of the software.

� Tip of the Day - Displays the next tip, normally shown at program start-up. The Tip of the Day is a collection of informative points about the software, normally presented at program start-up. This display dialog also includes a check box to disable the automatic display of the tips at start-up.

� Info - Presents a dialog containing COADE contact information. The bottom half of this dialog contains active links to COADE’s website and an e-mail activation.

� On-Line Registration - Launches automatically after program installation. This automatic invocation occurs once. After the first time, this menu option must be used to bring up the registration form. After completing this form, clicking Send transmits the data on the form to a web-based List Server.

� Check for Updates - Provides access to the COADE web site to determine if there is a newer update to the version of TANK currently in use. This option saves the user from navigating through the COADE web site to determine if an update is available. This option should be launched at least once a month to ensure the software remains current. (An Internet connection is required to utilize this option.)

� About TANK - Presents a dialog showing the current operating system, its version number, the TANK version number, and the amount of memory installed.

6-1

This chapter explains how to generate an input file.

C H A P T E R 6

Chapter 6 TANK Input

In This Chapter Creating Input............................................................. 6-2 The Tank Description Page ........................................ 6-5 General Tank Data...................................................... 6-6 Roof Data ................................................................... 6-20 Seismic Data............................................................... 6-33 Grillage Data .............................................................. 6-36 Nozzle Flexibilities..................................................... 6-38 Shell Settlement Data ................................................. 6-43 API-653 Service Measurement Data .......................... 6-45 Tank Sizing / Costing Scratch-pad............................. 6-51 API-2000 Venting ...................................................... 6-55 Cycle Life Evaluation................................................. 6-58 External Pressure........................................................ 6-60


Creating Input

The first step in the design or analysis of a tank is to generate an input file which describes the characteristics of the tank. Each tank requires an input file, with a unique job name, for each configuration to be studied. All of the tank particulars and descriptive information are stored in this input file. The input file name consists of the job name as the prefix, followed by a “.TKI” suffix.

The input process can be started by selecting any option from the Input menu, or by clicking the desired toolbar icons.

Figure 6.1 - Input Menu

TANK separates the input data into logical categories. Each category addresses a specific code requirement on design task. Of all these various groups, the “General Tank Data” group is


required in all cases, for all tanks. Each of these groups is discussed briefly below, then in detail in the remaining sections of this chapter.

Title Page - Provides the ability to describe, in words, the tank being studied. This editing buffer is 75 characters in width by 60 lines in length. Details of the TANK Title Page are discussed in Section 6.1. Use of this dialog is optional, but is highly recommended. The tool bar icons associated with this option are:

Displays the Title Page dialog.

Restores the title page to its default.

Activates the General Tank Data dialog. As mentioned above, data must be provided on this dialog for every tank analyzed. This information consists of the diameter, the number of courses, the course height, course thickness, course material, fluid depth, fluid specific gravity, temperature, pressure, external loads, and the desired code. Details of the General Tank Data dialog are discussed in Section 6.2.

Activates the Roof Specification Parameters dialog. This dialog provides for the input of roof descriptive parameters. Details of the Roof Specification Parameters are discussed in Section 6.3. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650 Appendix F, and in the text by Brownell & Young. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank.

Activates the Seismic Data Specifications dialog. This dialog is used to describe the seismic parameters associated with the tank location. Details of this dialog are discussed in Section 6.4. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650 Appendix E. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank.

Activates the Grillage Review dialog. This dialog is used to specify the grillage parameters. Details of this dialog can be found in Section 6.5. The specifics of this computation can be found in API-650 Appendix I, Section I.7. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank.

Activates the Nozzle Stiffness dialog. This dialog allows the specification of up to fifteen low nozzles on the tank. Details of this dialog can be found in Section 6.6. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650 Appendix P. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank.

Activates the Appendix M Cycle Life Data specification. This data is used in the procedures outlined in API-650 Appendix M to determine the allowed number of “fill-empty” cycles the tank can undergo without a detailed stress analysis. Details of this dialog can be found in Section 6.11. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank.

Activates the Appendix V External Pressure dialog. This data is used to determine the external pressure capacity of the tank.

Activates the Shell Settlement Data dialog. This data is used in the procedures outlined in API-653 Appendix B to determine the maximum and allowed out-of-plane settlement of the tank shell. Details of this dialog can be found in Section 6.7. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank.

Activates the API-653 Service Measurement Data dialog.

Activates the API-2000 Venting Data dialog. This data is used to determine the necessary venting for inbreathing, outbreathing, and fire.

Activates the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratch-pad dialog. This Scratch-pad allows the user to estimate tank sizes and plate costs for a range of tank dimensions. Details of this dialog are discussed in Section 6.9.


Launches the computation engine for the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratch-pad dialog. This option is only active after data has been entered on the Scratch-pad.

Transfers the minimum cost tank (results) from the Scratch-pad, to the General Data dialog. This serves as a good starting point for a tank design.

As with most software programs, there is an option to save the current state of the input data to a disk file. With TANK, users can saved the input by using the File menu, or by clicking the Diskette icon. It is suggested that the input be manually saved frequently during any extended editing session. Beginning an analysis will also save the data (automatically), but it is always best to be on the safe side.


The Tank Description Page

The Tank Description Page is intended to provide a means to document, with the input data, any peculiarities of the tank or any special notes. The Tank Description Page dialog can be activated by selecting the first option of the Input menu, or by clicking the associated toolbar icon.

Figure 6.2 - Tank Description Page

The buffer to store the data for this page is sized for 60 lines of 75 characters. If necessary, this dialog can be scrolled to view any additional lines. Standard Windows editing functions are available on this dialog.

Note that the Title Page menu option provides two sub-options. The first displays the title page, the second replaces the title page contents with a default title page, found in the file TITLE.HED. The default title page can also be loaded from the associated toolbar icon.


General Tank Data

The General Tank Data dialog allows the user to specify all of the basic characteristics of the tank under study. This dialog consists of three “tabs”, as shown in Figure 6.3.

Figure 6.3 - General Tank Data, Tab #1


The Tank Data tab presents a dialog on which the overall characteristics of the tank are specified. For each input cell, a descriptive comment defines the expected input. Where applicable, the expected units display to the right of the input cell. Note that the input for Shell Course Material is a general field, used as the default for all individual shell courses. The […]button to the right of the input cell displays a context menu which allows entry into the active Material Database, or the manual modification of the properties for the specified material. This context menu displays in Figure 6.4.

Figure 6.4 - Material Context Menu


Clicking the Database option from this context menu produces a dialog from which any valid material can be selected from the active database. (The active database can be selected or changed via the TOOLS\CONFIGURE menu option.)

Figure 6.5 - Material Database Selection Dialog

Clicking Edit Properties from the context menu displays a dialog where the properties retrieved from the database can be overridden (modified) for this particular tank.

Figure 6.6 - Material Edit Properties Dialog


The material and its properties set here on this tab are used as default values for all of the shell courses. If necessary, the material can be changed on a course by course basis. This is possible by using the second tab, Shell Courses of the General Tank Data dialog. This tab presents a grid where the height, thickness, corrosion allowance, material name, material design stress, and material test stress can be specified for each shell course.


Note that the design and test stress values are normally acquired from the Material Database, for the specified material. Initially, all courses acquire the same material, as specified on Tab #1. However, as necessary, specific shell courses may be assigned a different material, or the material for specific courses may be manually modified by the user. Right clicking on the Material cell will display the Material context menu as described above.

For carbon steels from Table 3-2, the program fills in the Sd and St values. For stainless steels, the value used for Sd is unknown until run-time. Therefore, for stainless materials, the allowable versus temperature table displays in the right-most grid columns of this dialog. For stainless materials, the value of Sd (on this dialog) is shown as zero. The actual value used in the calculations is reported in the output.


The Wind Details tab is used to define detailed wind parameters specific to ASCE #7. If these times are not defined, TANK will use the recommended API 650 defaults.

Figure 6-7b - Wind Details Tab

The Anchor Bolt tab is used to define the data necessary for the program to design anchorage, if necessary. API-650 Section 5.12 defines a number of different cases which must be evaluated (depending on the tank), and may result in the design of required anchorage.


The Anchor Bolt Diameter and Number of Anchor Bolts fields are optional inputs. The Bolt Allowable Stress field is no longer used (as of API-650 10th Edition Addendum 3), but is maintained for compatibility with existing TANK input files.


Input Fields - General Tank Data

The General Tank Data dialog input fields are described below.

API Design Code

The entry on this line indicates whether API-650 or API-653 rules should be applied to the current job file. Select the desired entry from the drop-down list. API-650 is intended for the design of new tanks, and can be implemented in either design oranalysis modes. API-653 is intended for the analysis of existing tanks, and therefore can only be


used in "analysis" mode. (see "Run Objective" on page 6-12) This cell is used to define the roof type of the tank. The value entered in this cell must be a number from 1 to 4, which corresponds to the roof types listed below.

TYPE INDICATOR ROOF TYPE

1 Supported Cone Roof

2 Self-Supporting Cone Roof

3 Self-Supporting Dome Roof

4 Self-Supporting Umbrella Roof

Design Method

Enables the user to specify the preferred method of evaluating the shell course thickness requirements. Use the table below to identify the appropriate entry for this line.

ENTRY MEANING

V The program uses the Variable design method

O The program uses the One-Foot design method

A The program uses the Appendix A design method

This entry also determines how (which method) the allowed fluid heights are computed.

Run Objective

Enables the user to specify whether or not the program should analyze the tank based on the user's input, or design the necessary parameters to satisfy the API code. The setting of this input field is important because it affects all computations following the shell course thickness evaluation.

If "D" Design mode is selected subsequent calculations for wind girders, seismic, and internal pressure will all use the larger of the design or test thicknesses. If "A" Analyze mode is selected subsequent calculations use the course thicknesses specified by the user. The computed thicknesses for the design and test cases are reported for information purposes only. A message to this affect is included in the output report when analyze mode is selected.

Design Temperature

Enter the desired design temperature in the indicated units. API-650 limits the design temperature to 200 deg F/ 93 deg C. If the design temperature exceeds this limit, but is less than 500 deg F/ 260 deg C then the rules of Appendix M are applied.


Note: Design Temperatures in excess of 500 deg F/ 352 deg C cause a fatal error.

If the value of the design temperature is changed, the program automatically implements a routine to interpolate the data from API-650 Table P-1. The resulting values of modulus and expansion coefficient are inserted into the Nozzle dialog.

Design Pressure at Top

Enter the desired design pressure in the indicated units. Note, API-650, Appendix F limits the design pressure to 2.5 psi / 17.2 kPa.

Tank Nominal Diameter [D]

Enter the diameter of the tank. Note, as per API-650, the program assumes the tank diameter is the centerline diameter of the bottom shell course plates.

Tank Shell Height [HTK]

Enter the total height of the tank shell. This value should be the sum of the individual course heights, and is used in the wind load computations.

Design Liquid Level [H]

Enter the height of the design liquid level. This is the height from the tank bottom to the top of the shell or to the bottom of any overflow device.

Liquid Specific Gravity [G]

Enter the specific gravity of the fluid. Note, this value is used only in the Design case. The program automatically uses a specific gravity of 1.0 for the Hydrotest case.

Weight of Attachments & Structures

Enter the total weight of the attachments and structures on the roof and shell which should be considered to resist uplift and in the maximum allowed pressure computation.

Distance Down to Top Wind Girder

Enter the distance from the top of the tank shell to the location of the top wind girder. If the top wind girder is at the top of the shell, this value should be entered as zero. If the top wind girder is below the top of the tank (i.e. for a walk-way), enter the actual distance.

Joint Efficiency (App A or 653) [E]

As per Appendix A.3.4, the joint efficiency should be either 0.85 or 0.70. API-653 Section 2.3.3 also utilizes this value of joint efficiency. No other computations use this value, so the default of 1.0 can be left alone for Variable Point and One Foot API-650 calculations.


API-653 2nd Edition provides Table 2-1 for weld joint efficiencies if the original E value is unknown. This table is reproduced below:

Standard Edition & Year

Joint Type Joint Efficiency E

Applicability or Limits

7th & Later Butt 1.00 Basic Standard

(1980-Present) Butt 0.85 Appendix A - Spot RT

Butt 0.70 Appendix A - No RT

1st - 6th Butt 0.85 Basic Standard

API-650

(1961-1978) Butt 1.00 Appendices D&G

14th & 15th (1957-1958)

Butt 0.85

Lap (a) 0.75 3/8 inch max t 3rd-13th (1940-1956)

Butt (c) 0.85

Lap (a) 0.70 7/16 inch max t

Lap (b) 0.50 + k/5 1/4 inch max t

API-12C

1st & 2nd (1936-1939)

Butt (c) 0.85

Lap (a) 0.70 7/16 inch max t

Lap (b) 0.50 + k/5 1/4 inch max t

Butt (c) 0.85

Unknown

Lap (d) 0.35

Notes:

(a) Full double lap welded.

(b) Full fillet weld with at least 25% intermittent full fillet opposite side: k = percent of intermittent weld expressed in decimal form.

(c) Single butt-welded joints with a back-up bar were permitted from the years of 1936 to 1940 and 1948 to 1954.

(d) Single lap welded only.

Wind Velocity

Enter the wind velocity acting on the tank. Due consideration should be given to Section 5.9.7.1a. The standard is a 120 mile per hour (53.6 m/sec) wind, but may be increased to account for additional tank height, wind gust, internal pressure, or open-top tanks.


Several configuration directives control how the wind pressure is computed and applied to the tank. These directives are: Roof Projection in Wind Moment (on page 3-4) - Turns on an off wind loads on the roof. 10% Plus 5psf in Wind Moment (see "10% Plus 5 psf in Wind Moment" on page 3-4) - Which is the basic wind moment definition as per Section 5.9.7. Section 5.11 Wind Pressure - Defines the wind pressure to be used for Section 5.11 stability.

Default Shell Material

This field displays the material name. To properly access a valid material name and its properties, use the right mouse button and click Database from the "context menu" and the Material Database Selection screen appears. Alternatively, left click the ... button to display the same context menu. When a valid material is selected, its allowable stresses, yield strength, tensile strength, grade, and group are acquired from the database for subsequent program use. The data specified here is assumed to pertain to the entire tank. If the material varies over the shell courses, this data may be specified using the Shell Course Materials dialog.

Number of Shell Courses

Enter the number of shell courses in the tank. This entry is used to check the shell course input and control the shell course generation if necessary.

Annular Base Ring

If the tank will have an annular base ring, enable this checkbox.

Wind Moment for App F

This directive is used to specify which wind moment is to be used in the computations of Appendix F. By default the program will use the moment computed from Section 5.9.7.1 in Appendix F computations. However, if desired, the wind moment computed from Section 5.11 can be used. Note that the wind pressure computed according to Section 5.9.7.1 (based on the wind velocity (on page 6-14)) is used for the wind girder design, the wind pressure according to Section 5.11 is used for Over Turning Stability. This directive only affects which wind moment is passed into Appendix F for the allowed pressure in Section F.4.2.


653 Entire Course Evaluation

As per API-653 Section 4.3.3.1, activate this radio button if the shell thickness calculation is for the entire shell course. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.a, which deducts 1 foot from the fluid height. However, this deduction only occurs if the 1 foot method is in use.

653 Local Area Evaluation

As per API-653 Section 4.3.3.1, activate this radio button if the shell thickness calculation is for a local area of the shell course. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.b, which does not deduct 1 foot from the fluid height.

Shell Course Details Shell Course Height

For the current shell course, enter its height in the specified units. Note, the sum of all shell course heights should equal the tank shell height entered above. The shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the 1st course, if it is constant. The program will duplicate the shell course height to all required courses if this cell is left blank.

Shell Course Thickness

For the current shell course, enter its thickness. If the purpose of this job is to design the shell course thickness, then enter a "good" starting value (see API-650 5.6.1.1). If this cell is left blank for the first course, the program will set the thickness according to API-650 Table 5.6.1.1.

Note that the shell course thickness does not need to be specified for any course after the 1st course, if it is constant. The program will duplicate the shell course thickness to all required courses if this cell is left blank.

Shell Course Corrosion Allowance, CA

Enter the corrosion allowance to be considered in the thickness evaluations for shell course #n.

Note that the corrosion allowance does not need to be specified for any course after the 1st course, if it is constant. The program will duplicate the corrosion allowance to all required courses if this cell is left blank.

Shell Design Stress, Sd

This value represents the allowable design stress, referred to as Sd in the API code. This value is automatically registered by the program if the material was selected from the database.

If necessary, the value of design allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden by entering a different value in this input field.

Note, for stainless steels, this value will be displayed as zero, since a temperature versus allowable table is used instead.


Shell Hydro Test Stress, St

This value represents the allowable test stress, refereed to as St in the API code. This value is automatically registered by the program if the material was selected from the database.

If necessary, the value of test allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden by entering a different value in this input field.

SSD1 through SSD5

These values represent the allowable stress for a stainless steel according to API-650 Appendix S, Table S-2. Note, these values are used during the computation phase of the solution to determine the actual Sd value.

For stainless steels, these values will be interpolated during the solution phase. For this reason, the value of Sd (at the left) is displayed as zero.

Anchor Bolt Diameter

If desired, enter the bolt diameter of an existing anchorage. If entered, and the anchorage is necessary, it will be evaluated using this data.

Threads per Unit Length

The program can evaluate a user specified design, or design an anchorage according to API-650 Section 5.12. In order to size the anchor bolts, the thread pitch is necessary. The pitch is the reciprocal of the parameter known as "threads per inch". Enter the "threads per inch" in the appropriate units. NOTE, THIS IS A REQUIRED ENTRY,which will be used in the event the program must design an anchorage. Typical "threads per inch" for various size UNC bolts are listed below:

Basic Major Diameter (in) Threads per Inch

0.5000 13

0.6250 11

0.7500 10

0.8750 9

1.0000 8

1.1250 7

1.2500 7

1.3750 6

1.5000 6

1.7500 5


Basic Major Diameter (in) Threads per Inch

2.0000 4.5

2.2500 4.5

2.5000 4

2.7500 4

3.0000 4

3.2500 4

3.5000 4

3.7500 4

4.0000 4

Anchor Bolt Allowable Stress

Prior to Addendum 3 of the 10th edition of API-650, the bolt allowable stress was required input. As of this addendum, the bolt allowable is determined for various load cases as specified in Section 5.12. This value is therefore no longer used, but is maintained for compatibility with older input files.

Number of Anchor Bolts

For evaluation of an existing anchorage, enter the number of anchor bolts. Note, if the program redesigns the anchorage, the number of bolts will be a multiple of the bolt increment specified in the configuration.

Anchor Bolt Yield Stress

Enter the yield stress of the anchor bolts for use in Section 5.12. NOTE, THIS IS A REQUIRED ENTRY which will be used in the event the program must design an anchorage.

Bolt Offset from Mean Tank Diameter

Enter the offset from the mean tank diameter to the anchor bolt circle. This value must be greater than zero for bolt circles outside the tank. If this value is left blank, an offset of 0.0 will be used. Note that the program internally multiplies this value by 2.0 before adding it to the tank diameter value.

Anchor Bolt Corrosion Allowance

Enter the value of the corrosion allowance to be considered when sizing the anchor bolts. Note that API-650, Section F.7.4 requires a corrosion allowance of at least 0.25 inches.


Wind Kz Paramater

Enter the velocity pressure coefficient as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank the value defaults to 1.04.

Wind Kzt Paramater

Enter the wind speed up factor for hills. This value should be 1.0 (the default) except for those structures on isolated hills or escarpments.

Wind Kd Paramater

Enter the wind directionality factor. API 650 recommends a value of 0.95 (the default) for this parameter.

Wind I Paramater

Enter the wind importance factor as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank the value defaults to 1.0.

Wind Gust Factor

Enter the wind gust factor as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank the value defaults to 0.85.


Roof Data

The Roof Data dialog is an optional input. This dialog is used to specify the roof parameters when necessary. The Roof Data dialog is divided into three tabs, as shown in Figure 6.9.

Figure 6.9 - Roof Data, Tab #1

Whenever a tank has a roof to be design, the top half of this dialog must be filled out. This section of data defines in general terms the overall geometry of the roof. At this point, a decision must be made as to whether a simple approximation will be made, or a supported cone roof will be designed. The approximation requires the specification of the remaining data on the General Root Specs tab. This data is used in further analysis, such as seismic analysis, wind over turning, and maximum allowed pressure.


If instead, a supported cone roof is to be designed, then the bottom half of General Root Specs tab should be left blank. The data necessary for supported cone roof design should be specified on Supported Cone Root Data tab. This tab, shown in Figure 6.10, displays the parameters used in the roof design.


The parameters necessary for the proper design of a supported cone roof include: the desired cross section type for rafters, girders, and columns, the material for the cross sections and roof plate, and the maximum allowed length for the rafters and girders. The allowed cross sections vary, depending on the active structural library. The help system provides guidance here, in the usage of the various structural types, and in the available cross sections.

Note that for the structural and roof plate materials, the […] button may be used to bring up the context menu which allows selection from the Material Database.


Providing all of the data shown in Figure 6.10 allows TANK to design a supported cone roof according to the procedures outlined in the text by Brownell & Young. This includes positioning the girder rings according to the maximum allowed rafter lengths. If however, alternate positioning is desired, the design can be forced in a certain direction by specifying data on the Girder Rings tab.


This grid is used to specify the location of each girder ring, and how many girders make up the ring. If this information is specified, then the members are sized only, as the number of girder rings, column rings, and rafter rings is known.

Input Fields

The Roof Data dialog input fields are described below.


Roof Type

This cell is used to define the roof type of the tank. The value entered in this cell should be selected from the drop down list, which corresponds to the roof types listed below.

TYPE ROOF TYPE

1 Supported Cone Roof This type of roof is supported by rafters, which are supported by girders, which are supported by columns.

2 Rafter Supported Cone Roof This type of roof is supported by rafters only.

3 Self-Supporting Cone Roof

4 Self-Supporting Dome Roof

5 Self-Supporting Umbrella Roof

For supported cone roofs, the program can design the rafters, columns and girders. For rafter supported cone roofs, the program can design the rafters. All other roof types are considered solely for their weight effects on shell.

Angle Between Roof and Horizontal

Enter the angle between the roof and a horizontal plane at the roof-shell junction.

Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction

Enter the area resisting the compressive force. For details refer to API-650 Figure F-2.

Roof Plate Thickness

Enter the nominal thickness of the roof plates. This value should include the corrosion allowance (see "Roof Plate Corrosion Allowance" on page 6-23) if any.

Roof Plate Corrosion Allowance

Enter the corrosion allowance to be considered when determining the weight of the roof plates for Appendix F and overturning computations. This value will be subtracted from the nominal roof plate thickness (on page 6-23).

Weight of Roof Plates

Enter the total weight of the roof plates to be considered in API-650 Appendix E and Appendix F computations. Note, TANK will determine the weight of the roof plates internally. If the computed value is greater than the input value specified here, or a supported cone roof is being designed, the computed value will be used in subsequent calculations. If the input value is greater, it will be


used (unless a supported cone roof is being designed). For supported cone roofs, the computed roof plate weight is always used.

Weight of Snow on Roof

Enter the total weight of any snow on the roof to be considered in API-650 Appendix E computations for seismic checks. Note that if the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the load applied to the roof internally. This value will not be used.

Weight of Roof Framing

Enter the total weight of the roof framing to be considered in API-650 Appendix E and Appendix F computations. Note that if the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the weight of the roof framing internally. This value will not be used.

Percent Roof Weight Supported by the Shell

Enter the percentage of the roof and snow weights that are to be considered as supported by the shell for API-650 Appendix E checks. Note that if the "supported cone roof design" procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the % of weight supported by the shell internally. This value will not be used.

Roof Live Load

Enter the value to be used in computing the load supported by the roof plates. According to API-650 5.10.2.1 this value must be at least 20 pounds per square foot. The dead load of the roof will be computed by the program, and combined with the live load to determine the total roof load.

Preferred Rafter Type

Enter the preferred section type for the roof rafters. The roof rafter locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.


For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC:

DESCRIPTOR AISC SHAPE USAGE

W Wide Flange rafter, girder, column

WT Structural Tee rafter, girder, column

S Standard I Beam rafter, girder, column

C Channel rafter, girder, column

DC Double Channel columns only

DI Double Wide Flange columns only

P Pipe columns only

For the 1990 Korean library, valid types for this cell are: W, C, and M. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections:

DESCRIPTOR SHAPE USAGE



M Standard I Beam rafter, girder, column

For the 1993 UK library, valid types for this cell are: UB, UC, T, and C. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections:



UB Universal Beams rafter, girder, column

UC Universal Columns rafter, girder, column

T Structural Tee rafter, girder, column


For the 1991 German library, valid types for this cell are: I, U, and T. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections:


I I-Beams rafter, girder, column

U Channel rafter, girder, column


For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections:




For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections:


IP I-Beams rafter, girder, column

HP Wide flange beams rafter, girder, column

CP Channels, parallel rafter, girder, column

CT Channels, taper rafter, girder, column

Preferred Girder Type

Enter the preferred section type for the roof girders. The roof girder locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.










P Pipe columns only






















For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections






Preferred Column Type

Enter the preferred section type for the roof columns. The roof column locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.










P Pipe columns only






















For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections:






Roof Plate Material

This cell allows entry into the Material Database from which a material for the roof plates can be selected. The Material Database can be entered (activated) by clicking the [...] button.


Roof Plate Allowable Design Stress

This cell contains the value used as the allowable design stress for the roof plates. This value is automatically filled in when the Roof Plate Material is specified.

Structural Member Material

This cell allows entry into the Material Database from which a material for the structural members can be selected. The Material Database can be entered activated by clicking the [...]button.

Structural Member Design Allowable Stress

This cell contains the value used as the allowable design stress for the structural members. This value is automatically filled in when the Structural Member Material is specified. Note that for compliance with API-650 Section 3.10.3.4, this value should not exceed 20000 psi (137895 kpa).

Maximum Allowed Rafter Length

Enter the maximum length allowed for the rafters. This value is used to determine the radii to the various girder rings. Typical values for this cell are 20.0 to 24.0 feet (6.1 to 7.3 meters). In the design of the supported cone roof, the roof plates sit on top of the rafters. The rafters are oriented along radial lines, from the center of the tank. The rafters are arranged in rings around the tank, where the rafter lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The ends of the rafters are supported on girders, arranged in concentric circles, where the girder lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The girders are supported by columns.

Maximum Allowed Girder Length

Enter the maximum length allowed for the girders. This value is used to determine how many girders are required for each girder ring. Typical values for this cell are 24.0 to 30.0 feet /7.3 to 9.1 meters. In the design of the supported cone roof, the roof plates sit on top of the rafters. The rafters are oriented along radial lines, from the center of the tank. The rafters are arranged in rings around the tank, where the rafter lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The ends of the rafters are supported on girders, arranged in concentric circles, where the girder lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The girders are supported by columns.

Center Column Cap Plate Diameter

Enter the diameter of the center column cap plate if necessary. If this cell is left blank, a value of zero will be used.


Girder Ring Data

When the Number of Girder Rings has been specified, the radial distance to each ring must be defined. In this cell, enter the radial distance from the center of the tank to the current girder ring. The radial distance to ALL girder rings must be defined! When the Number of Girder Rings has been specified, the number of girders in each ring may also be specified. These entries are optional, HOWEVER, if the number of girders in any one ring is specified, then the number of girders in all rings must be also specified.


Seismic Data

The Seismic Data dialog is an optional input. This dialog is used to specify the seismic (earthquake) parameters when necessary.

Figure 6.12 - Seismic Data

Input Fields - Seismic

The Seismic dialog input fields are described below.

Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate

Enter the minimum yield strength of the bottom plate.


Minimum Yield Strength of the Weld Material

Enter the minimum yield strength of the weld material.

Bottom Plate Thickness

Enter the thickness of the bottom plate.

Seismic Use Group

The Seismic Use Group for the tank should be specified by the purchaser. See API-650 Section E.3.1 for details on the various SUG categories. Valid entries for this field are 1, 2, or 3 (corresponding to SUG groups I, II, and III).

Friction Factor

Specify the friction factor used to determine tank sliding in API-650 Section E.7.6. Note that API limits the maximum value of this friction factor to 0.4.

Importance Factor

Usually this value is 1.0, unless specified otherwise by the purchaser. API recommends that this value not exceed 1.25, and that this value (1.25) only be used for emergency services.

Initial Anchorage Type

Define the Initial Anchorage Type as either Self Anchored or Mechanically Anchored (bolted). Note, even if a Self Anchored tank is specified, the requirements of the Code may be such that anchor bolts are required. In this instance, the program will design bolting.

Earthquake Type

Define the Earthquake Type as either Site Specific or Mapped. For details on Mapped and Site Specific earthquakes refer to API-650 Sections E.4.2 and E.4.3.

Site Class

Define the Seismic Site Class according to Section E.4.6. Valid choices here are "A" through "F", where "F" represents soils that require site-specific evaluations.

Spectral Acceleration Adjustment Coefficient (K)

Define the Spectral Acceleration Adjustment Coefficient (K). This coefficient is used to adjust the spectral acceleration from 5% to 0.5% damping. The value of this coefficient defaults to 1.5 if not specified by the user.

Scaling Factor (Q)

Define the Scaling Factor (Q). This is the scaling factor from MCE (the maximum considered earthquake) to the design level spectral accelerations. The value of Q is 2/3 for ASCE #7.


Transitional Period (TL)

Define the Transitional Period (TL). TLis the regional-dependent transition period for longer period ground motion, in seconds. Unless otherwise specified, TL shall be taken as the mapped value found in ASCE #7.

Mapped Maximum Earthquake Short Period (Ss)

Define SS - the mapped maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods (0.2s), %g.

Mapped Maximum Earthquake 1sec Period (S1)

Define S1 - the mapped maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of one second, %g.

Mapped Maximum Earthquake 0sec Period (S0)

Define S0 - the mapped maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of zero seconds (peak ground acceleration for a rigid structure), %g.

Peak Ground Acceleration for Non-ASCE Earthquakes (Sp)

Define SP - the design level peak ground acceleration parameter for sites not addressed by ASCE methods.

Design Acceleration Parameter at Short Periods for ASCE Methods (Sds)

Define SDS - the design, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods (T = 0.2 seconds) based on ASCE 7 methods, %g.

Spectral Acceleration Parameter at Zero Period (SaO*)

Define Sa0* - the 5% damped, design spectral response acceleration parameter at zero period based on site-specific procedures, %g.

Spectral Acceleration Parameter at Any Period (Sa*)

Define Sa* - the 5% damped, design spectral response acceleration parameter at any period based on site-specific procedures, %g.


Grillage Data

In some cases, a tank must rest on a lattice of grillage. When this is necessary, the data on the Grillage dialog can be specified. This will allow the software to compute either the grillage spacing, or the required nominal thickness of the bottom plate.

Figure 6.13 - Grillage Data Dialog

The data acquired from this dialog is used in the computations of API-650 Appendix I, Section 7.

Input Fields - Grillage

The Grillage dialog input fields are described below.

Modulus of Elasticity of Bottom Plate

Enter the value of the Elastic Modulus to be used for the bottom plate.

Bottom Plate Corrosion Allowance

Enter the corrosion allowance to be added to the bottom plate thickness. If left blank, this value defaults to zero.




Nominal Thickness of Bottom Plate

Enter the thickness of the bottom plate. This value is may be left blank if the grillage spacing is entered. In this case, the program computes the required thickness of the bottom plate. As stated in API-650 5.4.1, bottom plates should have a minimum thickness of 0.25 inches (6.35mm). Note this value should correspond to the value entered on the Seismic Data Spreadsheet. If a value is entered here, the user is prompted to see if the same value should also be used on the Seismic Data Spreadsheet.

Maximum Allowed Spacing

Optionally enter the maximum allowed spacing (center-to- center between adjacent or radial grillage members. If this value is entered, then the bottom plate thickness should be left blank so the program can compute it.


Nozzle Flexibilities

TANK allows the specification of up to fifteen low tank nozzles. The data specification can include external piping loads, if available from a pipe stress analysis.

Figure 6.14 - Nozzle Flexibility Dialog

The data acquired from this dialog is used to implement the rules of API-650 Appendix P.

Note that whenever the tank temperature value from the General Tank Data (on page 6-6) dialog is changed, the values of Elastic Modulus and Expansion Coefficient are automatically updated. These values are obtained by interpolating the data provided in Table P-1 of API-650.

If the check-box for Apply PVP-1279 is enabled, TANK will use an alternate method to compute the nozzle stiffnesses. This alternate procedure is detailed in PVP-1279 and is valid for smaller tanks.


Input Fields - Nozzles

The Nozzle dialog input fields are described below.

Nozzle Designation

Defines a descriptive tag or number of the current nozzle. This cell is restricted to 4 CHARACTERS in length, and can contain letters and/or digits. Example entries for this cell are listed below:

NZ1 NA0A

NZ2 PGLG

NZ3

Nozzle Height Above Bottom Plate

Enter the height of the nozzle centerline above the bottom plate.

Nozzle Outer Diameter

Enter the outer diameter of the nozzle.

Delta Temperature

Enter the difference between the normal operating temperature and the installation temperature.

Modulus of Elasticity of Nozzle

Enter the modulus of elasticity. These values should be taken from API-650 Table P-1, reproduced below:

Design Temp (deg F) Modulus (psi) Thermal Expansion (in/in/deg F)

70 29.5E6 -

200 28.8E6 6.67E-6

300 28.3E6 6.87E-6

400 27.7E6 7.07E-6

500 27.3E6 7.25E-6

Note that the value of elastic modulus is automatically defined by the program when the user changes the design temperature on the general spreadsheet. This value can be changed by the user if necessary. If the bottom shell course is specified as Stainless Steel, then the modulus value for Table P-1 is not used. Instead, the modulus value is obtained from Table S-6 and are reproduced below:


Design Temp (deg F) Modulus (psi)

100. 28.0E6

200. 27.4E6

300. 26.6E6

400. 26.1E6

500. 25.2E6

Expansion Coefficient

Enter the value of the thermal expansion coefficient. These values should be taken from API-650 Table P-1and are reproduced below:

Design Temp (deg F) Modulus (psi) Thermal Expansion (in/in/deg F)

70. 29.5E6 -

200. 28.8E6 6.67E-6

300. 28.3E6 6.87E-6

400. 27.7E6 7.07E-6

500. 27.3E6 7.25E-6

Design Temp (deg C) Modulus (MPa) Thermal Expansion (mm/mm/deg C)

20. 203000 -

90. 199000 12.0

150. 195000 12.4

200. 191000 12.7

260. 188000 13.1

The value of expansion coefficient is automatically defined by the program (using internal, English, units) when the user changes the design temperature on the general spreadsheet. This value can be changed by the user if necessary.

Reinforcement on Shell or Nozzle

This entry indicates where the nozzle reinforcement is located. This entry is used to interpolate among the charts in API-650 Appendix P. If reinforcing on the shell is indicated, Appendix P makes the following assumptions:

- the reinforcing pad thickness is equal to the shell thickness

- the pad diameter is twice the nozzle diameter


These assumptions are implicit in the curves presented in Appendix P and are automatically considered by the program.

Nozzle RePad Thickness

This cell is used to define the thickness of the nozzle reinforcing pad if it exists, and if it should be considered in the computations. Note that API-650 Appendix P offers no guidance on how reinforcing pads should be handled. If a pad thickness is specified here, it will be used to increase the thickness of the tank shell in all Appendix P computations.

Nozzle Weight

Enter the weight of this nozzle. The value entered here will be used in all weight computations involving the shell.

Applied External Radial Force

Enter the value of any applied radial force, acting on the nozzle. The value entered here will be used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P.

Applied External Circumferential Moment

Enter the value of any applied external circumferential moment acting on the nozzle. The value entered here will be used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P.

Applied External Longitudinal Moment

Enter the value of any applied external longitudinal moment acting on the nozzle. The value entered here will be used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P.

Use PVP-1279

Enabling this option allows TANK to utilize an alternate method to compute nozzle stiffnesses. This alternate method is based on PVP (Pressure Vessel and Piping) paper 1279 - Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API-650 Tanks, by Lengsfeld, Bardia, Taagepera, Hathaitham, LaBounty, and Lengsfeld. This alternate method is based on the finite element analysis of a number of tanks, resulting in alternate curves and equations for the determination of tank nozzle stiffnesses.

Nozzle Thickness for PVP-1279

A value defined in PVP-1279, but not actually used in the computations.


RePad Outer Diameter for PVP-1279

The outside diameter of the nozzle reinforcing pad, if any. This value is used to determine the vertical distance from the nozzle centerline to the point where the tank bottom has no influence on nozzle stiffness.


Shell Settlement Data

The Shell Settlement dialog is used to define the measured settlement of up to 40 points around the tank shell circumference.

Figure 6.15 - Shell Settlement Dialog

The data from this dialog is used to implement the requirements of API-653, Appendix B.

Input Fields - Shell Settlement

The Shell Settlement dialog input fields are described below.

Elastic Modulus for Allowed Settlement

Enter the value of the Elastic Modulus to be used in the computation of the allowed shell settlement, in API-653 Section B.3.2. If this value is left blank a default of 29.5E6 psi / 203000 MPa will be used.


Angle Between Measurements

Enter the distance (in degrees) between adjacent settlement measurement points. This value must be less than 45 degrees. API-653 Appendix B.1.3 requires at least eight points around the circumference of the tank. This limits the entry in this field to a maximum of 45 degrees. Additional data points will reduce the magnitude of this angle. Note that the code limits the spacing between these measurement points (around the circumference of the tank) to 32 feet / 9.8 m. Prior to API-653 2nd Edition Addendum 2, this limit was 30 feet / 9.1m.

Note also that too many points may lead to an over conservative determination of the out-of-plane deflection limit. Addendum 3 to the 9th Edition of API-653 suggests computing the deflection limit using points spaced at approximately 30 foot / 9.1m intervals. Additional details on this subject can be found in "Out of Plane Settlement of Cylindrical Tanks" by Erdmann and Yeigh, Hydrocarbon Engineering, May 1999 and the text by Phil Meyers, Above Ground Storage Tanks.

TANK performs all computations using all of the specified measurement points. If the number of measurement points is so great as to cause the spacing to fall below 15 feet / 4.6m, use every other point when generating the input.

Settlement Elevations

Enter the elevation of the shell bottom at this measurement point on the circumference of the tank.


API-653 Service Measurement Data

The API-653 Service Measurement Data dialogs allow the user to specify additional measurement data, obtained from tank inspections. This measurement data can be used to implement the shell and bottom checks discussed in API-653 Sections 4.3.3.1, 4.3.3.2, and 4.4.7.1. The data for the service measurement analysis is presented in a series of tabbed dialogs, each discussed in the following subsections.

Bottom Post 3rd Edition

This dialog is used to define the parameters necessary to evaluate the minimum thickness for the tank bottom plate according to Section 4.4.7.1 of the 3rd Edition of API-653.

Figure 6.16 - Bottom Post 3rd Edition


Bottom Pre 3rd Edition

This dialog is used to define the parameters necessary to evaluate the minimum thickness for the tank bottom plate, according to Section 2.4.7.1 of previous editions of API-653.

Figure 6.17 - Bottom Pre 3rd Edition

All values to be entered on this dialog are defined, and include the corresponding code nomenclature (from earlier editions of the code). This dialog is included to maintain backwards compatibility with previous versions of TANK and earlier editions of the code.


Manual Shell Course Specification

The Manual Shell Course Specification dialog is used to define the location of the critical length L, the inspection values of t1 and t2, and a joint efficiency for each shell course. Additionally, controls are provided to indicate which of these data entries should be considered in the current analysis.

Figure 6.18 - Manual Shell Course Specification

If the joint efficiency left blank, the value specified on the General Data dialog will be used. Similarly, if the L location is left blank, the fluid height will be determined from the bottom of the course. If the t1 or t2 values are left blank, they default to the user-specified thickness on the General Data dialog.


Input Fields - Service Measurement

The Service Measurement dialog input fields are described below.

Minimum Remaining Thickness (RTbc)

As per API-653 Section 4.4.7.1, enter the value of the minimum remaining thickness from the bottom side corrosion, after repairs.

Minimum Remaining Thickness (RTip)

As per API-653 Section 4.4.7.1, enter the value of the minimum remaining thickness from internal corrosion, after repairs.

Anticipated In-Service Period of Operation (Or)

As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the anticipated in-service period of operation (normally 10 years).

Maximum Internal Pitting Rate (StPr)

As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum internal pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is internally lined (per API RP 652), this value should be specified as 0.0.

Maximum Underside Pitting Rate (UPr)

As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum underside pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is cathodically protected (per API RP 651) this value should be specified as 0.0.

Average Depth of Internal Pitting (StPa)

In this cell, enter the average depth of the internal pitting of the bottom plates. This value is measured from the original thickness.

Maximum Depth of Underside Pitting (UPm)

In this cell, enter the maximum depth of underside pitting of the bottom plates.

Average Depth of Underside Pitting (UPa)

In this cell, enter the average depth of underside pitting of the bottom plates.

Original Plate Thickness (To)

In this cell, enter the original thickness of the bottom plates. This value should correspond to the bottom plate thickness entered on the Seismic Data (on page 6-33) and the Grillage Data (on page 6-36) dialogs, if they have been specified.


Average Depth of Generally Corroded Area

As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the average depth of the generally corroded area, (GCa).

Maximum Rate of General Corrosion (GCr)

As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum rate of general corrosion, on a yearly basis.

Maximum Depth of Internal Pitting After Repair (StPm)

As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum depth of internal pitting remaining in the bottom plates after repairs are completed. Note, this value is measured from the original thickness.

Maximum Rate of Corrosion (StPr)

Maximum rate of corrosion not repaired in top side (StPr). StPr = 0 for coated areas of the bottom. The expected life of the coating must equal or exceed Or to use StPr = 0.

Maximum Underside Pitting Rate (UPr)

As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum underside pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is cathodically protected (per API RP 651) this value should be specified as 0.0.

Manual Shell Course Specifications Course Joint Efficiency

Enter the value of the joint efficiency to be used in the thickness computations of this shell course.

Course Lowest Average Thickness (t1)

Enter the average thickness in the "L" region. If this value is left blank, it will default to the user defined thickness from the General Tank Data (on page 6-6) dialog.

Course Minimum Thickness (t2)

Enter the least thickness in any area of corrosion, exclusive of pits. If this value is left blank, it will default to the user defined thickness from the General Tank Data (on page 6-6) dialog.

Course "L" Location Above Course Bottom

The value specified in this cell locates the bottom of the "L" region, above the bottom of this course. "L" is the critical length, the maximum vertical length over which the hoop stresses are assumed to "average out" around local discontinuities. In subsequent thickness computations, the fluid height to the design liquid level is measured from the bottom of "L".


Use Specified "L" Values

This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user specified location L will be used in subsequent thickness calculations.

Enabled Enabling this box allows the program to use the user specified values of the location of "L" to be used in determining the height to the maximum design liquid level. When this box is checked, the height value is computed according to API-653 Section 2.3.3.1.

Disabled Disabling this box causes subsequent computations to ignore the user input values of the location of "L". The thickness computations use a height value measured from the bottom of each course, which produces more conservative (thicker) thicknesses.

Use Specified "E" Values

This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user specified values of individual course joint efficiencies will be used in subsequent computations.

Enabled Enabling this box allows the program to utilize the individual joint efficiencies for each course in any subsequent computations. This may be useful if additional inspections and radiography are performed.

Disabled Disabling this box causes the program to ignore the specified values of individual course joint efficiencies. Instead, the computations are made using the joint efficiency specified on the General Tank Data dialog.

Use Specified t1/t2 Values

This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user specified values of individual course thicknesses of t1 and t2 should be used in subsequent computations.

Enabled Enabling this box allows the program to perform the thickness checks per API-653 2.3.3.1. Values of t1 or t2 left blank will assume the thickness specified on the General Data dialog.

Disabled Disabling this box prevents the program from performing the thickness checks of API-653 2.3.3.1.

Bottom Shell Course Thickness as Constructed

Enter in this cell the original thickness of the bottom shell course. This value is used to determine the minimum thickness of the annular base plate, as per API-653 Table 2- 3.


Tank Sizing / Costing Scratch-pad

The Tank Sizing / Costing Scratch-pad provides the user with a quick way to both size and price a tank, based on the required volume. This Scratch-pad is a calculation module which implements the API-650 One-Foot method to determine the required shell thicknesses. The user may alter the specification data and recompute the size and cost estimates as many times as necessary. After exiting the Scratch-pad, the user has the option of transferring the diameter, height, and course thicknesses to the General Tank Data Dialog for subsequent computations. No other data on the Scratch-pad is saved.

There is a minimum amount of data to be specified by the user. This data consists of the required tank volume, the fluid specific gravity, the plate allowable stress, the unit cost of plate, and the height and diameter ranges.

Figure 6.19 - Tank Sizing / Costing Scratch-pad


Once the necessary data has been specified, the Calculate option from the Input menu can be used to invoke the computations. Alternatively, the Calculator icon can be used. Both of these options are enabled as soon as data is entered on the Scratch-pad.

The Scratch-pad computes a total of eight tanks - four for a diameter range, and four for a height range. The results of each range are presented in the list box below the input definition.

Figure 6.20 - Sizing / Costing Results

For each tank evaluated, the necessary diameter (or height) is presented, as well as the thickness required for each shell course. The height of the top course is also reported, all other courses being equal to the specified input value. The results of the costing are presented last, and consist of the shell weight and cost estimate. The shell weight is based on the computed thicknesses and the plate density specified in the configuration file. The cost is the product of the unit price and the plate weight.

If necessary, the input data can be altered, and new estimates obtained. When the desired results have been achieved, a report can be printed, or the results for the minimum cost tank transferred to the General Data (see "General Tank Data" on page 6-6) dialog.


Once the Scratch-pad calculations have been performed, the Dynamic Sizing Tool becomes active. This sizing tool, located to the right of the output display, contains two slider bars. Moving the slider bars with the mouse changes the corresponding dimension of the tank, as well as updates the right most column of numerical data in the table.

Input Fields - Sizing Scratchpad

The Sizing Scratchpad dialog input fields are described below.

Required Volume

This cell is used to specify the desired volume of the tank for sizing purposes. The sizing routine will determine diameters and heights necessary to achieve this volume.

Fluid Specific Gravity

Enter the fluid specific gravity to be used in sizing the tank. Since the tank must be hydrotested, the minimum value for this entry should be 1.0.

Cost per Unit Weight of Plate

Enter the unit cost of the plate material. This value is used to compute the total material cost of the various tank shells. The cost is computed by multiplying this value by the total steel volume in the shell multiplied by the standard weight of steel. Note that the mass conversion factor is applied to this value to compute the final tank cost. FOR CONSISTENT APPLICATION, YOU MUST INSURE THAT THE "MASS" CONVERSION AND THE "DENSITY" CONVERSION BOTH USE THE SAME UNIT. For example lb. and lb/cu.in. or KG and KG/cu.cm.

Plate Allowable Stress

Enter the value to be used as the allowable stress for the tank sizing. This value should correspond to the fluid specific gravity entered above. For example, if the fluid specific gravity is 1.0 (for water in the hydrotest case), then this value should be the TEST allowable stress. If the fluid specific gravity corresponds to the operating fluid, then this allowable stress should correspond to the DESIGN case.

Average Course Height

This value is used to determine how many full courses are needed to achieve the desired volume. The top course may be less than the value specified here, since the top course height is used to exactly match the desired volume.

Minimum Tank Height

The values entered here represent the minimum and maximum limits for the tank height. A total of four (4) heights between these limits will be determined (and the corresponding diameters) to


size the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses will be determined, followed by plate weight and cost. Note that the height range is independent of the diameter range. Four values of height between the minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary diameter to achieve the required volume is then determined, exclusive of the diameter range.

Maximum Tank Height

The values entered here represent the minimum and maximum limits for the tank height. A total of four (4) heights between these limits will be determined (and the corresponding diameters) to size the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses will be determined, followed by plate weight and cost. Note that the height range is independent of the diameter range. Four values of height between the minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary diameter to achieve the required volume is then determined, exclusive of the diameter range.

Minimum Tank Diameter

The values entered here represent the minimum and maximum limits for the tank diameter. A total of four (4) diameters between these limits will be determined (and the corresponding heights) to size the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses will be determined, followed by plate weight and cost. Note that the diameter range is independent of the height range. Four values of diameter between the minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary height to achieve the required volume is then determined, exclusive of the height range.

Maximum Tank Diameter

The values entered here represent the minimum and maximum limits for the tank diameter. A total of four (4) diameters between these limits will be determined (and the corresponding heights) to size the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses will be determined, followed by plate weight and cost. Note that the diameter range is independent of the height range. Four values of diameter between the minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary height to achieve the required volume is then determined, exclusive of the height range.


API-2000 Venting

The Venting Data dialog is an optional input. This dialog is used to specify the flow rates for emptying and filling the tank, as well as the environmental factors, and liquid characteristics.

Figure 6.21 - Venting Data

Input Fields - Venting

The Venting Data dialog input fields are described below.

Emptying Rate

Enter the maximum emptying rate (volume per hour) of liquid from the tank. See API-2000 Section 4.3.2.1.1 for details.


Filling Rate

Enter the maximum filling rate (volume per hour) of liquid from the tank. See API-2000 Section 4.3.2.2.1 for details.

Liquid Flash Point

Enter the temperature of the liquid's flash point.

Boiling Point

Enter the temperature of the liquid's boiling point.

Environmental Factor

Enter the environmental factor according to Table 4A of API- 2000. English Units

Configuration Conductance (BTU/hr ft2 F)

Insulation Thickness (in)

F Factor

Bare metal tank --- 0 1.0

Insulated tank 4.0 1 0.3







Concrete or Fireproofing --- --- see note C

Water-application facilities --- --- 1.0

Depressuring and emptying --- --- 1.0

Underground Storage --- --- 0.0

Earth-covered storage above Grade --- --- 0.03

Impoundment away from tank --- --- 0.5


Metric Units

Configuration Conductance (Watts/m2 K)

Insulation Thickness (cm)

F Factor

Bare metal tank --- 0 1.0

Insulated tank 22.7 2.5 0.3







Concrete or Fireproofing --- --- see note C

Water-application facilities --- --- 1.0

Depressuring and emptying --- --- 1.0

Underground Storage --- --- 0.0

Earth-covered storage above Grade --- --- 0.03

Impoundment away from tank --- --- 0.5


Cycle Life Evaluation

The Cycle Life dialog is an optional input. This dialog is used to specify the data necessary to evaluate the anticipated number of "full - empty" cycles the tank is permitted to cycle through without a detailed stress analysis.

Figure 6.22 - Cycle Life Dialog

Input Fields - Cycle Life

The Cycle Life dialog input fields are described below.

Fill Height Difference

Enter the difference in filling height between the full level of the tank and the low level of the tank.


Temperature Difference

Enter the difference between the minimum ambient temperature and the tank's maximum operating temperature.



Factor B

Enter the foundation factor. This value is: 2.0 for tanks on earth foundations 4.0 for tanks on earth foundations with a concrete ring-wall

Factor C

Enter the factor to account for the radial restraint of the tank's shell-to-bottom junction with respect to free thermal expansion. The value for C ranges from a minimum of 0.25 to a maximum of 1.0. The actual design value of C shall be established considering the tank's operating and warm-up procedure and heat transfer to the subgrade. The value of C shall be 0.85 if not specified by the purchaser.

Factor K

Enter the stress concentration factor for the bottom plate at the toe of the inside shell-to-bottom fillet weld. K = 4.0 for shell-to-bottom fillet welds and lap-welded bottom plates. K = 2.0 for butt-welded annular plates where the shell-to-bottom fillet welds have been inspected by 100% magnetic particle examination.

NOTE: The magnetic particle examination shall be performed on the root pass at every 1/2 inch / 13mm of deposited weld metal while the weld is being made and on the completed weld. The examination shall be performed before hydrostatic testing.


External Pressure

The External Pressure dialog is an optional input. This dialog is used to specify the parameters necessary to evaluate the external pressure capacity of the tank.

Figure 6.23 - External Pressure Dialog

Input Fields – External Pressure

The External Pressure dialog input fields are described below.

Specified External Pressure (Pe)

Define the Specified External Pressure – Pe.


Elastic Modulus of the Roof Plate Material

Define the elastic modulus of the roof plate material – E.

Joint Efficiency of the Roof Plate (JEr)

Define the Roof Plate Joint Efficiency - JEr.

JEr = 0.35 for single lap welds

JEr = 0.70 for double lap welds

JEr = 1.00 for butt welds

Joint Efficiency of the Shell Plate (JEs)

Define the Shell Plate Joint Efficiency - JEs.

JEs = 1.00 for shells with full radiography

JEs = 0.85 for shells with spot radiography

Joint Efficiency of Splice or Stiffener Sections (JEst)

Define the Stiffener Splice Joint Efficiency - JEst.

JEst = 1.00 for for 100% radiography of all splice welds

JEst = 0.85 for for spot radiography of selected splice welds

JEst = 0.70 for no radiography

Allowable Compressive Stress for Bottom Stiffener (Fc)

Define the Bottom Stiffener Allowable Compressive Stress - fc.

Where fc = 0.4Fy of components considered for the intermediate and bottom stiffeners. However, fc need not be less than 15,000 psi (103 MPa).

Allowable Compressive Stress for Top Stiffener (Fc)

Define the Top Stiffener Allowable Compressive Stress - fc.

Where fc = 0.6Fy of components considered for the top end stiffener region. However, fc need not be less than 20,000 psi (140 MPa).

Bottom Plate Thickness (Tb)

Enter the thickness of the bottom plate.


Smallest Allowable Tensile Stress of Roof, Shell, and Stiffeners (f)

Define the Minimum Allowable Tensile Stress - f, of the roof plate material, the shell plate material, and the stiffener ring material at the maximum operating temperature.

Roof Dish Radius (R)

Define the Dish Radius of Roof - R. This value is only needed for Dome and Umbrella roofs.

7-1

This chapter explains the Error Checker module.

C H A P T E R 7

Chapter 7 Error Checking

In This Chapter The Error Checker Module......................................... 7-2 Warning & Error Options........................................... 7-4 Completing the Error Check Phase ............................ 7-5


The Error Checker Module

The normal chain of events requires that the Error Checker validate the input data before the analysis phase is allowed to begin. The Error Checker is a separate module that is designed to prevent illegal or illogical data from being passed to the analysis program. The tasks performed involve checking for negative values where only positive values are allowed, ensuring that the corrosion allowance does not drive the thickness to zero, as well as API code restrictions.

The Error Checker can produce two types of diagnostic messages, errors and warnings. A warning message indicates that the program discovered something in the input data that the analyst should be made aware of.

Figure 7.1 - Sample Warning Message

The program always considers warning messages as acceptable. As long as the analyst agrees with (or is aware of) the warning message, it can be considered acceptable to the analyst also. If the analyst disagrees with or is surprised by the warning message, it should be considered an error and the input modified accordingly.


The second type of diagnostic message that can be produced is an error message. An error message indicates a problem with the input severe enough to prevent the analysis from completing.

Figure 7.2 - Sample Error Message

When an error is encountered, the analysis phase is prevented from starting. The user must correct the input to eliminate the error. (Note that the error shown above in Figure 7.2 is an error for API-650 and a warning for API-653.)

Whenever a warning or error message displays, the user is given several choices as to the next course of action. These choices are the subject of the next section.


Warning & Error Options

Any time an error or warning displays, the user has several options available to direct the next course of action. Use the list below to determine the appropriate action to perform.

Prints the last error message displayed in the list box. Error checking will resume once the user clicks the Continue button below the list box.

Prints all error messages from this point forward.

Restarts the error check process from the beginning.

Disables the display of warnings and notes and only displays error messages once this button is activated. After each error message is displayed, error checking will resume only once the user clicks the Continue button below the list box.

Disables the further display of the current message. This option is useful when a number of identical errors or warnings will be displayed. In this case, it is not necessary to review each message.

Each time a message displays in the list box, the procedure halts until the user clicks Continue.This gives the necessary time to review the message. If it is necessary to abort the error check phase and return to the Main menu, one of two methods can be used. The File\Exit option can be used as well as the X in the upper right corner of the title bar.


Completing the Error Check Phase

Once all of the input data has been evaluated, the Error Checker produces a summary report, and pauses for user interaction.

Figure 7.3 – Error Check Summary Without Errors

When the review of this summary is complete, clicking Continue produces a dialog requesting authorization to build the necessary analysis files. The typical response to this prompt is Yes.One more click of the Continue button exits the Error Checker and returns control to the Main menu.

If the summary report shows that errors were found, the analysis files will not be created. The job can not be analyzed in this condition. The user must return to the input and correct the problems as reported by the Error Checker.

8-1

This chapter discusses the analysis/solution phase.

C H A P T E R 8

Chapter 8 Analysis/Solution Phase

In This Chapter Analysis ...................................................................... 8-2 TANK Program Files ................................................. 8-3 Solution Overview...................................................... 8-4


Analysis

The design or analysis of the tank data occurs in the solution module. This module cannot be accessed unless the input data has been successfully error checked. Once the solution module has been launched, the Analysis Monitoring screen displays.

Figure 8.1. Analysis Monitoring Screen

This screen displays the current job name, the major solution steps to the analysis, and which solution steps are required by the current input data. As each solution step is entered, an asterisk is placed next to the item to show the current progress. There is no user interaction or input during the solution phase. The analysis/solution phase consists of implementing the rules and equations found in the API-650 and API-653 codes. A brief overview of this phase can be found in the Solution Overview section.


TANK Program Files

TANK is modularized to facilitate operation, maintenance, and enhancement. Communication between the various program modules takes place through disk files. The program files utilized are listed below.

FILE SUFFIX DESCRIPTION GENERATED BY

TKI User’s input data Input Module

TKE Verified input data Error Checker

LOG Error/warning messages Error Checker

TKO Binary output data Solution Module

TXT Intermediate solution data Solution Module

T80 Binary report data Output Preprocessor

Table 8.1. Program Data Files

After successfully completing, the analysis module creates the .TKO file, containing the solution data in binary format. The TKO file is used by subsequent modules to formulate and generate the various reports and graphics.

Occasionally users may want to know how an iteration proceeded or the results of an intermediate computation. The message file (TXT) serves to answer these queries. As important milestones in the analysis are reached, newly computed data is labeled and written to the message file.

The message file is useful in the event that a fatal error is encountered, and a program abort occurs. In this instance, a diagnostic message is presented to the user, control is returned to the Main menu, and no output (TKO) file exists. Since there is no TKO file, entry into the output processor is not allowed. In this instance, the message file can be very helpful. In addition to intermediate and partial solution data, some reasons for program aborts may be found in this file. The message file is a standard ASCII text file which can be viewed with a variety of editors, or printed to the system printer. The user may also access the message file from the Tools menu.

It is important to note that generation of the message file by the solution module only takes place if the current configuration allows. Generation of the message file can be controlled from the Computation Options tab of the configuration module. Refer to the Program Configuration (on page 3-1) section for additional details.


Solution Overview

The major steps performed in the solution phase are discussed in this section. Users are advised to refer to codes API-650 and API-653 for additional details.

The first consideration of the program is the wind effect. The specified wind speed is used to determine the applied wind pressure, the velocity factory, and the overturning moment. These values are used later in the computations for the wind girders and Appendix F considerations.

The next computation determines the allowable stresses for both the design and test cases. The material control routine includes considerations for reductions due to temperature from Appendix M and if necessary Appendix S and API-653 Section 2 requirements. The allowables for each shell course are determined individually based on the specified course materials.

The solution module then determines the required shell course thicknesses based on the specified design method, either one-foot, variable point, or Appendix A. The appropriate sections of the code are implemented using the material properties to determine the thicknesses for each course for the design and test cases. Each thickness computation is then followed by a check of API-650 Section 5.6.1.1 to insure that the minimum thickness requirements of the code are met. If the input indicates that the program is to operate in analysis mode to rate an existing tank, the design and test thicknesses just computed are replaced with the users input thicknesses for subsequent computations. A note to this effect appears in the output below the thickness table when required.

Following the shell course thickness determination, the allowed fluid heights are determined. This procedure involves the use of the same code sections used in the thickness determination, and in the case of the variable point method is an iterative process.

Once the shell course thicknesses and fluid heights have been determined, the program computes the shell weight and center of gravity. The weight/c.g. routine compares the computed shell weight with that specified by the user, and selects the maximum of the two for subsequent computations in Appendix E.

After the weight and c.g. are computed, the overturning stability according to Section 5.11 is checked. Next, the wind girder requirements are checked. The number of girders, their section moduli, and their locations are determined according to API-650 Section 5.9. Wind girder detail and size is then selected from API-650 Table 5-22.

This concludes the general computations performed for each tank input data set. All subsequent computations are optional depending on user specification.

If the roof data has been specified, the program will now evaluate, analyze, or design the roof. Roof evaluation involves weight summations, required thicknesses and net areas according to API-650 Sections 5.10.5 or 5.10.6. The analysis or design of a supported cone roof applies the


procedures outlined in Brownell & Young. Following the roof design, the Section 5.10.3 checks are implemented.

Once the actual roof computations are completed, the API-650 Appendix F requirements are evaluated.

Also note that the roof weights computed from a design are used in subsequent (seismic) computations.

The next series of computations which may be performed are the seismic requirements of API-650 Appendix E. The guidelines of this appendix are applied to the tank in three conditions, design, test, and empty.

The next series of computations which may be performed are the nozzle flexibility calculations as outlined in API-650 Appendix P. This appendix also offers guidelines on the maximum allowed nozzle loads. The program can determine the flexibilities and limiting loads on up to fifteen nozzles for all three sets of shell course thicknesses (design, test, and user input).

The next series of computations which may be performed are the grillage computations. These computations conform to the rules of API-650 Appendix I, Section 7.

The next series of computations which may be performed are the settlement limits as set forth in API-653 Appendix B. These computations use an iterative procedure to determine the optimum cosine curve which most closely represents the user's measured values of shell settlement. Once the cosine curve is known, the out-of-plane settlement and out-of-plane deflection can be determined.

The next series of computations which may be performed are the service/maintenance computations. These computations are based on API-653 Section 2.

The next series of computations that may be performed are the API-2000 Venting calculations.

After all sizing, roof, and seismic computations have been completed, the evaluation for the permitted cycle life according to Appendix M, Section M.4 begins.

Following the cycle life calculations, the bolting requirements are checked. This procedure evaluates each of the load cases defined in Section 5.12 and determines, if necessary, the required number of bolts and the bolt size. A second pass is then made to determine the governing condition and to report a single bolt size and quantity, with the corresponding stress for each load case.

9-1

This chapter explains the graphic output.

C H A P T E R 9

Chapter 9 Local Graphics Output

In This Chapter The Local Graphics Menu.......................................... 9-2 Tank Layout Sketch.................................................... 9-5 Shell Settlement Plots................................................. 9-7 Nozzle Interaction Diagrams...................................... 9-9 Supported Cone Roof Sketches .................................. 9-12


The Local Graphics Menu

Once an analysis has been completed, the output options are available. These options include both text based reports, and graphics. The topic of this chapter is local graphics, that is graphics produced on the terminal, for subsequent printing or capturing. The available graphics are:

� A general tank sketch showing plate layouts and overall dimensions � A pair of nozzle interaction diagrams, used to check the conformance of the nozzle to API-

650 Appendix P. � A sketch of the results of the supported cone roof design. � A plot of the shell settlement and optimum cosine curve results.

Each of these graphics is discussed in the following sections.


The Local Graphics module can be entered by selecting OUTPUT\LOCAL GRAPHICS, or by selecting the icon representing an XY plot. If output is not available for the current job, both of these items are grayed out. Once the local graphics mode has been entered, the Main Menu changes to reflect the graphics controls. This presents the user with the screen shown in Figure 9.1.

Figure 9-1 Local Graphics Menu

This menu presents options for the tank sketch, shell settlement plotting, nozzle interaction diagrams, and supported cone roof sketches. In addition to the menu options, the following icons are also available.

Produces the basic tank sketch.


Plots the shell settlement data.

Plots the first nozzle interaction diagram.

Plots the supported cone roof sketch.

Exits the graphics processor and return to the text based menu. Use of this option is necessary to review text based reports, or modify the input data.


Tank Layout Sketch

Enables the generation of an overall tank sketch with a number of optional details.

Figure 9.2 - Tank Sketch Menu


Figure 9.3 - Tank Sketch

The tank sketch is useful to get an overall representation of the size of the tank.


Shell Settlement Plots

Produces XY type plots detailing the shell settlement evaluation according to API-653 Appendix B. The Settlement menu provides options to plot the settlement measurements, the optimum cosine curve, the out-of-plane deflection, as well as an option to spline the data. Splining the data smooths the curves and makes better presentations.

Figure 9.4 - Settlement Menu


Figure 9.5 - Settlement Plot

Note that the settlement plot uses two Y axes. The far left Y axis is for the out-of-plane deflection curve. The Y axis closest to the curves is for the measured and optimum cosine curves. These axes and their associated curves are shown in different colors for better visualization.

The settlement plot positions the curves on an X axis showing the relative angular position around the tank circumference from the point of maximum settlement. The settlement plot also includes a secondary X axis which shows the location of the actual measurement points.


Nozzle Interaction Diagrams

The nozzle plots construct the nozzle interaction diagrams of API-650 Appendix P, necessary to determine if a nozzle is overloaded. The Nozzle Plot menu provides options to select which nozzle to plot (out of a possible 15), which interaction diagram to plot - either longitudinal or circumferential, and which thickness to use - either design, test, or user entered.

Figure 9.6 - Nozzle Plot Menu


The resulting sketches also plot the interaction point, as an asterisk. The location of this point is plotted on the interaction diagram using the input values of applied piping loads. If the piping loads are not specified, the interaction point plots at the origin.

Figure 9.7 - Longitudinal Nozzle Interaction Diagram


Figure 9.8 - Circumferential Nozzle Interaction Diagram

For the nozzle to meet the criteria of API-650 Appendix P, the interaction point must plot inside the diagram.


Supported Cone Roof Sketches

If a supported cone roof has been designed by the program, the resulting design can be shown graphically. These roof sketches are not shown to scale, they are provided for information purposes only.

Figure 9.9 - Roof Sketch Menu

Besides the basic roof sketch, defining the roof nomenclature, structural cross section sizes, lengths, and quantities can be noted on the sketch A typical roof sketch, showing cross section sizes displays in Figure 9.10.


.

Figure 9.10 - Roof Cross Sections

10-1

This chapter discusses reports and how to generate them.

C H A P T E R 1 0

Chapter 10 Output Report Generation

In This Chapter Output Overview ........................................................ 10-2 Output Report Discussions......................................... 10-4


Output Overview

Most of the time spent reviewing the results of a TANK analysis will be in reviewing tabular reports. These reports are organized in the same manner as the input data is, by topic.

When the analysis phase completes, the Output Report menu displays. This menu lists the available reports.

Figure 10.1 - Typical Output Report Menu

Each item in the above menu produces a different report. Multiple reports can be selected using the [Ctrl] key in combination with a left mouse click. (Items can be de-selected in the same manner). The first report selected will be presented in the viewing pane on the right side of the window. Once a report (or multiple reports) has been selected, the View Report menu option and tool bar icon are activated. The tool bar icons on this menu perform the functions defined in the following paragraphs.

Enables switching to the output of a different job. This option opens a standard File Open dialog, showing only those jobs that have output.


Prints the selected reports.

Changes the font when printing reports.

Enables users to specify the starting page number when printing reports. This option is useful when a second print session is required it is necessary that page numbers start where the first report ended.

Deletes a menu item. Once deleted, the particular report is no longer available, unless the job is re-analyzed.

Select the reports for review, by using [Ctrl] and a left mouse click. Use the Arrow buttons to move between and review the selected reports. When the interactive review on the screen is complete, the reports may be printed (assuming the review showed no problems), by clicking the printer icon.

Sends the selected reports to Microsoft Word. Once in Word, users can make formatting changes. From the File menu, click Save As to save the Word document. When finished, control can be transferred back to the output processor by using OUTPUT\CLOSE MS WORD.

NOTE: When sending reports to MS Word, if a file named "header.doc" exists in the \tank\system directory, its contents will be read and used as a page header when TANK exports the reports to Word. The intent is that "header.doc" contain company logo and address details.

Displays the next report.

Displays the previous report.


Output Report Discussions

Chapter 11 includes several example jobs with complete output report listings. Each of these reports is discussed, in general, in the following sections. Note that a particular report only exists if the corresponding input was defined by the user, and the report was requested on the previously discussed control screen.

Each page of output begins with a header. The header contains the user’s name, page number, job name, date, time, and program version number.

Job Title Page

The job title page reflects the user-specified description of the tank and its associated data. Any specified notes or peculiarities should be mentioned here.


User Input Data

The next report in sequence contains the user's input data. This report reflects exactly what was defined in the input module. Note that this report can vary in length depending on the number of shell courses and nozzles defined, as well as whether or not roof, seismic, and settlement details were defined.

Figure 10.1.2 - User Input Data


Error Checker LOG File

The next report is the LOG file generated by the error checker. This report will contain a list of every warning message generated during the error check of the input data.

Figure 10.1.3 - Error Checker LOG File


Message File

The Message File report contains the contents of the message file generated by the solution module. The size of this report will vary depending on which solution routines were needed and how many iterations were necessary to determine the results.

Note that the values reported in the message file are shown in the program's internal units system, ENGLISH. All other values in all of the other output reports are shown in the units system specified by the user.

Figure 10.1.4 - Message File


Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights

This is the first report containing formal output data computed by the program. It begins with a summary of the wind parameters used during the analysis, consisting of the velocity factor, the area exposed to the wind, and the wind moment.

The next section of the report reflects the material properties used, including the wind girder height reduction factor. For each shell course, the material name, design allowable stress, test allowable stress, and Appendix M reduction factor are listed.

The next section of the report details the final shell course thicknesses for the design and test cases. The user-defined shell course thickness are also reported here, as well as the minimum allowed metal temperature as obtained from API-650 Figure 2-1. The thickness used in implementing this figure is the maximum of the design and test cases.

For API-653 analysis, the next section of the output contains a table showing the retiring thickness and remaining corrosion allowance for each course.

The next section of the report details the allowed fluid heights for the design and test cases, as well as the required fluid height is also shown in the table.

The next section includes the annular base plate thickness and width, the weight of the shell, and the center of gravity of the shell.

The next section details the results of the "wind overturning stability check", based on API-650 Section 5.11.

The next section of this report details the results of the wind girder computations. This includes the required section modulus for both the top and intermediate wind girders, as well as the maximum height of the unstiffened shell. Following this information is a table showing the wind girder requirements as a result of the transformed section method. For each wind girder required, the geometry detail and angle size are also reported. If Detail e is required, the b dimension is also included in the report.


The final section of this report presents a weight summary of the various tank components.

Figure 10.2 - Sample Output Screen


Roof Evaluation

The roof evaluation report details the results of the design or analysis of supported cone roofs, and the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650 Appendix F. The roof report begins with the required thickness and actual weight of the roof plates, and the design roof load.

If a supported cone roof was designed or analyzed, the resulting structural member sizes and loads are reported next. This information begins with the number of girder rings, the radius to each girder ring, and the number and length of the girders in each ring. This report is shown in the top half of Figure 10.3.

Figure 10.3 - Rafter & Girder Layout Details

Also shown in Figure 10.3 are the rafter details. This information includes the number of rafters in each rafter ring, the spacing on the outer girders, the number of rafters resting on the outer girders, the spacing on the inner girders, the number of rafters resting on the inner girders, and the


rafter length. Note that at the center of the tank, and at the shell, the number of rafters per girder is reported as zero.

The next section of the (supported cone roof) report details the rafter and girder sizing parameters. This information includes the unit load on the member, the selected cross section, the required section modulus, and the actual section modulus. This information is provided for each rafter and girder ring, and is illustrated in Figure 10.4.

Figure 10.4 - Rafter & Girder Sizing Details


The next section of the (supported cone roof) report details the column sizing parameters. This information begins with the column load, height, allowable compressive stress, and required radius of gyration. This is followed by the selected cross section, the actual compressive stress, and the actual radii of gyration. This information is shown in Figure 10.5.

Figure 10.5 - Column Sizing Details


Following the column sizing details is the summary of the checks made according to Section 5.10.3. These checks determine the acceptability of the structural elements based on allowable stresses and unbraced lengths.

Figure 10.6 - Structural Check Report

Following these checks is a weight summary of the supported cone roof components.

Following the roof design/analysis report, are the results of the Appendix F computations. This information begins with the uplift force due to internal pressure and the resisting force due to tank weight.

This information is followed by the maximum design pressure limited by uplift, the maximum pressure at the roof/shell junction, and the compression ring failure pressure. All pressures are reported in the user’s units for pressure and in “inches of water”, an API unit.

The last section of the roof report shows the required area of the roof/shell junction as per Section F.5, and either 5.10.5 or 5.10.6.


Seismic Analysis Results

The seismic report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650 Appendix E. These computations were made for three cases: design fluid, test fluid, and empty.

Figure 10.7 - Seismic Analysis Report


Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results

The nozzle report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650 Appendix P. These computations were made for three cases: design shell thickness, test shell thickness, and user input thickness. For each case, the flexibilities, deflection, rotation, and limiting loads on the nozzle are reported. This information is repeated for each nozzle defined in the input.

Figure 10.8 - Nozzle Report


Settlement Checks

The settlement check report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-653 Appendix B. This report provides the maximum allowed out-of-plane deflection and a table showing the out-of-plane settlement at each of the measurement points.

This table also includes the settlement measurements, the optimum cosine curve through these measured points, the out-of-plane settlement, and the out-of-plane deflection.

Figure 10.9 - Shell Settlement Report


API-2000 Venting Output

The venting report details the results of the computations made according to Section 4.3 of API-2000. This report provides the venting requirements for inbreathing, outbreathing and fire exposure. The venting report is shown in Figure 10.10.

Figure 10.10 - Venting Report


API-650 Bolting Report

The bolting report details the results of the computations made for Section 5.12. There are two sections to this report. The first section contains the uplift and load per bolt for the various load cases. The second section shows the required number of bolts, the required bolt diameter, and the resulting bolt stress for each of the various load cases.

Figure 10.11 - Bolting Report


API-650 Cycle Life Output

The cycle life report details the results of the computations made for Appendix M. The report lists the exclusions and checks made, as well as the number of allowed cycles.

Figure 10.12 - Cycle Life Report


API-650 External Pressure Output

The External Pressure report details the result of the computations made for Appendix V.

Figure 10.13 - External Pressure Report

11-1

This chapter discusses several example jobs that illustrate the proper definition of input data and present solutions to some of the examples found in the code.

C H A P T E R 1 1

Chapter 11 Examples

In This Chapter Example Problem APP_K.......................................... 11-2 Example Problem O_WC........................................... 11-3 Example Problem A_WC........................................... 11-4 Example Problem KOCZWARA ............................... 11-5 Example Problem B&Y.............................................. 11-6 Example Problem SSTEST1 ...................................... 11-7 Example Problem TEST1........................................... 11-8 Example Problem SSC1 ............................................. 11-9 Example Problem APP_P........................................... 11-10 Example Problem EXTERN01 .................................. 11-11 Example Problem SEIS01 .......................................... 11-12


Example Problem APP_K

The example problem illustrating the application of the Variable Point design method for shell thickness computations according to Appendix K is located at \examples\app_k.doc.


Example Problem O_WC

The example problem illustrating the shell thickness computations, as defined by the “One Foot” method, is located at \examples\o_wc.doc.


Example Problem A_WC

The example problem illustrating the shell thickness computations, as defined by Appendix A of API-650, is located at \examples\a_wc.doc.


Example Problem KOCZWARA

The example problem illustrating the application of the Fourier Series solution to the optimum cosine curve in the determination of the API-653 Appendix B out-of-plane settlement computations, (as defined in a paper by Koczwara) is located at \examples\koczwara.doc.


Example Problem B&Y

The example problem illustrating the design of supported cone roofs according to the procedures outlined in Brownell & Young. This particular example is taken from the text "Process Equipment Design" by Brownell & Young. For more information see the file \examples\b&y.doc.


Example Problem SSTEST1

The example problem illustrating the implementation of the rules in API-650 Appendix S, for stainless steel tanks, including the necessary modifications for the high temperature sections of Appendix M, is located at \examples\sstest1.doc.


Example Problem TEST1

The example problem illustrating the general computations performed for typical tank is located at \examples\test1.doc.


Example Problem SSC1

The example problem illustrating the computations performed for Appendix E, Seismic Considerations. is located at \examples\ssc1.doc.


Example Problem APP_P

The example problem illustrating the computations performed for low tank nozzles according to Appendix P is located at \examples\app_p.doc.


Example Problem EXTERN01

This example problem illustrates the external pressure performed according to Appendix V.


Example Problem SEIS01

This example problem illustrates the seismic computations performed according to Appendix E.

12-1

This section lists the files distributed with TANK. The lists correspond to the program sets manipulated by the installation program.

C H A P T E R 1 2

Chapter 12 Appendix A - Program File List

In This Chapter Main Set ..................................................................... 12-2 Help & Error Processing Set ...................................... 12-3 English Text Set ......................................................... 12-4 API Data Set ............................................................... 12-5 Examples Data Set...................................................... 12-6


Main Set

APIOUT.EXE - output preprocessor

APISOLV.EXE - solution module

COADEXE.EXE - EXE file scanner

CRCCHK.EXE - CRC check program

MAKEUNIT.EXE - units generation module

MATEDIT.EXE - material database editor

OUTPUT.EXE - output report review processor

TANK.EXE - main program

TKERCK.EXE - error check module

OUTWORD.DLL - support dll


Help & Error Processing Set

API01.EXE - input module help data file

API02.EXE - input module help pointer file

TKER01A.EXE - diagnostic error message data file

TKER01B.EXE - diagnostic error message data file

TKER01Z.EXE - diagnostic error message data file

TKER02A.EXE - diagnostic error message pointer file

TKER02B.EXE - diagnostic error message pointer file

TKER02Z.EXE - diagnostic error message pointer file

TKERROR.EXE - diagnostic error processor

TKSET01.EXE - configuration program help data file

TKSET02.EXE - configuration program help pointer file

TANK.CHM - help file

TIPS.TXT - tip of the day file


English Text Set

SCREEN1.TXT - messages for input processor

SCREEN3.TXT - messages for analysis module

SCREEN4.TXT - messages for output processing

TITLE.HED - title page template file


API Data Set

A650_88.MAT - 1988 API-650 material database



A650_94I.MAT - 1994 API-650 material database plus international materials











AISC89.DAT - structural database file

API650.DIG - digitized data from API-650 App P

ENGLISH.FIL - ENGLISH units file

MM.FIL - Millimeter units file

MPH.FIL - ENGLISH units file with MPH wind speed

SI.FIL - SI units file

T2A.EXE - data from API-2000 Table 2A

T322.EXE - data from Table 3-22

XX.CRC - CRC check data


Examples Data Set

TEST1.TKI - sample input for “variable point” method

APP_P.TKI - example nozzle flexibility calcs from Appendix P

APP_K.TKI - example thickness calcs from Appendix K

A_WC.TKI - sample input for “Appendix A” method

O_WC.TKI - sample input for “One-Foot” method

KOCZWARA.TKI - sample input for API-653 Appendix B shell settlement

B&Y.TKI - example roof design from Brownell & Young

SSTEST1.TKI - stainless steel example

SSC1.TKI - example seismic computations for “Appendix E”

EXTERN01.TKI - example computations for “Appendix”.

SEIS01.TKI - example seismic computations for “Appendix E”.

13-1

This section discusses the four standard units sets distributed with TANK. Users may launch the units generator to create additional sets if necessary.

Figure B.1 - English Units File

Figure B.2 - MPH (miles per hour) Units File

C H A P T E R 1 3

Chapter 13 Appendix B - Standard Units Systems


Figure B.3 - SI Units File

Figure B.4 - MM Units File

14-1

This section discusses the Material Database. When the Material Database is accessed from the input module the following properties are returned for each material:allowable design stress, allowable test stress, minimum yield stress, minimum tensile stress, maximum thickness, grade, and group.

C H A P T E R 1 4

Chapter 14 Appendix C - List of Materials

In This Chapter * ASTM Standards......................................................14-2 * CSA Standards.........................................................14-3 * National Standards ...................................................14-4 * ISO 630 ....................................................................14-5 * Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependant) ..............14-6 * Unknown For API-653 ............................................14-7


* ASTM Standards

A-283 A-285 A-131,A A-131,B A-131,CS A-36 A-131,EH36 A-573,58 A-573,65 A-573,705 A-516,55 A-516,60 A-516,65 A-516,70 A-662,B A-662,C A-537,1 A-537,2 A-633,C A-633,D A-678,A A-678,B A-737,B A-841


* CSA Standards

G40.21M,260W G40.21M,300W G40.21M,350T G40.21M,350W


* National Standards

NS,235 NS,250 NS,275


* ISO 630

E 275, C E 275, D E 355, C E 355, D


* Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependant)

SS-304

SS-304L

SS-316

SS-316L

SS-317

SS-317L


* Unknown For API-653

UNKNOWN

15-1

Ver. 2.200

ROOF_PROJECTION_IN_WIND_MOMENT= YES 1 1.

10%_PLUS_5_PSF_IN_WIND_MOMENT= YES 2 1.

SHELL_THICK_CONVERG_TOLERANCE= .5000000E-02 3

GENERATE_MESSAGE_FILE= YES 4 1.

COSINE_CURVE_TOLERANCE= .3000000E+00 5

COSINE_CURVE_ITERATION_LIMIT= .1000000E+03 6

WIND_GIRDER_SHELL_THICKNESS= MAX 7 1.

SHELL_SETTLEMENT_METHOD= FOURIER_SERIES 8 1.

CORRODED_NOZZLES= NO 9 0.

653_CORRODED_HYDROTEST_CASE= NO 11 0.

THICKNESS_ROUNDUP_TO_NEAREST= .0000000E+00 13

PLATE_MATERIAL_DENSITY= .2835648E+00 14

MODIFY_FLUID_HEIGHT_BY_PRESSURE= YES 15 1.

ROUND_ANCHOR_BOLTS_BY= .4000+E01 16 WIND_MOMENT_IN_APP_F Sect.3.9.7.1 17 1. FULL_SHELL_WEIGHT_IN_APP_F YES 18 1.

MATERIAL_FILE= A650_94.MAT 61 1.

UNITS_FILE= ENGLISH.FIL 62 1.

C H A P T E R 1 5

Chapter 15 Appendix D- Default Configuration Directives

16-1

This section lists the revision history of TANK.

C H A P T E R 1 6

In This Chapter Version 1.10 Changes (6/94) ......................................16-2 Version 1.20 Changes (11/94) ....................................16-3 Version 1.30 Changes (8/95) ......................................16-4 Version 1.31 Changes (2/96) ......................................16-5 Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) ......................................16-6 Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) ......................................16-7 Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) ......................................16-8 Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99) ............................16-9 Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) ......................................16-10 Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) ......................................16-11 Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) ......................................16-12 Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) ......................................16-13 Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) ......................................16-14 Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) ....................................16-15 Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) ....................................16-16 Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) ......................................16-17

Chapter 16 Appendix E - Revision History


Version 1.10 Changes (6/94)

� Computations according to API-650 Section 3.11 for Wind Overturning Stability have been added.

� Anchorage design/analysis according to API-650 Appendix E Section E.6 added. � Automatic generation of nozzle material modulus and expansion coefficient according to

API-650 Appendix Table P-1 added. � The nozzle flexibility computations for API-650 Appendix P have been enhanced to

interpolate between the L/2a=1.0 and L/2a=1.5 curves. Version 1.0 used one or the other set of curves, there was no interpolation between curves.

� Nozzle flexibility analysis can optionally consider a reinforcing pad on the tank shell. � For API-653 analysis, an additional output table for “Retiring Thicknesses” and “Remaining

Corrosion Allowances” has been added. � For API-653 runs, a configuration directive has been added to allow a “corroded” hydrotest

case. � Several “network specific” enhancements have been made to the program. This includes

changes to the file manager to recognize discontiguous disk drives, a network hardware lock, and a segregation of program and system files.

� A new loader is available to provide diagnostic capabilities from the Main Menu. � The configuration program has been modified to track user changes, which enables the

program to warn the user when an ESC is attempted without saving the data file. � A batch stream processor has been added to enable the processing of multiple jobs. � The input and output modules support a “pop-up” calculator for on-screen computations. The

calculator supports the basic four math operations, trigonometric functions, squares, and square roots.

� Several new configuration directives have been added. These new directives allow the specification of the default wind pressure for Section 3.11, and the setting of the default output report generation parameters.

� An additional "English" units file is provided. This units file, MPH.FIL defines the wind speed in units of miles per hour.



� Roof design/analysis of Supported Cone roofs according to the procedures set forth in Brownell & Young.

� Library of structural shapes provided to facilitate roof design. This library includes the standard AISC shapes as well as double channels and pipe cross sections.

� Plotting of the nozzle limiting load interaction diagrams for compliance to API-650 Appendix P.

� Expanded nozzle input for up to 15 low tank nozzles. Input also allows the specification of the nozzle weight and external piping loads.

� Specification and incorporation of anchor bolt offsets for API-650 Section 3.11 and Appendix E computations.

� PCX images inverted to facilitate insertion of graphics images into documents and reports.



� API-650 Addendum 1 updates incorporated. � Mouse support has been added to all modules. � Addition of a User specified thickness round-off increment. � A tank sizing/costing scratch-pad is available. � A material database editor is provided. � Structural element checks per API-650 Section 3.10.3 are implemented for the design of

Supported Cone roofs. � The maximum area for frangible joints as per API-650 3.10.2.5.3 is reported. � Top angle sizing per API-650 Section 3.1.5.9.e has been added. � Wind girder size selection per API-650 Table 3-22 has been added. � Theoretical height of sloshing wave (for Seismic events) determined as per

API-620 L.8.1. � The weight of the bottom and annular base plates is now determined and included in the

weight summary. Additionally the weights for operating, test, and empty conditions are reported.

� API-653 service/maintenance considerations added by allowing individual shell course joint efficiencies and critical length locations to be specified.

� API-653 minimum thickness of bottom plate per 2.4.7.1 added.



� Anchor Bolt Corrosion specification has been added. � Bold design procedure for Section 3.11 added. � Shell course thicknesses on input can be left blank, the program defaults to the minimum

thicknesses of Table 3.6.1.1. � Additional input data checks incorporated into the Error Check module. � Additional tests in the supported cone roof design module. � New support routines for ESLs (hardware locks) incorporated. � Input cells highlighted for easier visualization. � “Variable Point” location reported. � Consideration of Section 17.3.8 added. � Bolt design references to standard bolt size table.



� API-650 9th Edition, Addendum 2 changes incorporated. � Considerations for Stainless Steels according to the new Appendix S (API-650) have been

added. � API-653 2nd Edition Updates included. � API-653 Table 2-3 implemented for annular base plates. � Configuration option for consideration of internal pressure in the computation of shell course

thicknesses added. � Configuration option for specifying the multiple to be used in selecting the number of anchor

bolts added. � Modifications to file management and module communication to allow multiple users in the

same working directory. � Plotting of the results of the supported cone roof design added.



� API-650 Addendum 3 updates (December 1996) incorporated. � Grillage computations per API-650 Appendix I added. � Configuration option for considering corroded shell in Appendix F computations. � Modifications for the “Year 2000” have been incorporated. � Two modifications were made to the shell course duplication logic. First, versions prior to

1.50 did not duplicate material properties on new shell courses added to an existing input file. This ability has been added for Version 1.50.

� The second modification allows the duplication of the corrosion allowance to the upper courses to be stopped by entering a value of zero. Previous versions treated zero as a blank, permitting the duplication of the corrosion from lower courses.

� Activating API-650 Appendix A or API-653 for thickness computations, now causes a “warning message” to be generated if the joint efficiency is left as 1.0 on the General Tank Data Spreadsheet.

� A change made in the determination of the bottom shell course thickness for use in Section E.5.3 has resulted in an increase in the actual compressive stress and a decrease in the corresponding allowable stress.



� API-653 Addendum 1 updates (December 1996) incorporated. Note, this addendum changes the equation used in computing the allowable stress for the thickness design of shell courses 1 and 2!

� Added Double-I beams to AISC structural database. � Added roof-plate corrosion allowance and center column cap diameter to roof input

spreadsheet. � Added multiple structural steel databases (includes five overseas databases). � Allowances for “user specified” time/date stamps on output reports.


Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99)

� Conversion to native Windows application � Incorporation of HTML help system � On-line documentation

API-650 Changes: � The material database has been updated to reflect the changes to Table 3-2. This involved

removing both A442 materials. � Appendix F no longer forces a redesign utilizing Appendix A. � Appendix I changed the equation for the maximum deflection by raising a term in the

denominator to the 3rd power. � Section 3.4.2 has been incorporated, which insures that the bottom plate diameter is at least D

+ 2 inches. � A modification has been made to the implementation of Section 3.5.2, to include the bottom

shell course thickness. � Allowances have been made to enable metric jobs to utilize 6 mm plate as the minimum

thickness instead of 0.25 inch plate.

API-653 Changes: � The equations for determining the allowable stress have been modified as per the recent

addendum. � Incorporated a recent Code Interpretation stating that the Appendix M reduction factor should

be applied to both terms in the allowable stress determination. � Modified the basic thickness equation in accordance with the recent addendum (it no longer

subtracts 1 foot from the fluid height). � Incorporated the new computations for the allowed hydrotest height. � Modified the allowed settlement measurement points from 30 ft to 32 ft around the

circumference, in accordance with the recent addendum.



� Compliance with API-650 10th Edition � Compliance with API-653 2nd Edition, Addendum 3 � Incorporated API-2000 venting computations � Modified API-620 sloshing wave height in accordance with latest API-620 revision



� Corrosion is now considered in Section E.4.6. � The materials of API-650 Table 3-2 have been modified according to Addendum 1. � The default configuration has been modified to include uplift due to pressure in the

computations of Section E.6.1, as a result of Addendum 1. � Re-digitization of the curves in Figures E.2 through E.4



� Added functionality allowing Tank output to be sent to Microsoft Word increasing formatting capabilities

� Added [D]efault buttons to the Configuration dialog enabling users to reset the directive to its default value with a single click

� Modified the Error Checker module to notify users of fatal errors when run in batch mode � Simplified use of user-defined materials. The user material file no longer needs to be

manually merged with the COADE supplied material database. This operation is performed in memory by the input processor when necessary.

� Added Animated Tutorials to the Help menu � Added on-line Software registration. This provides better capability to notify users of

software updates.



� Updated software to comply with API-650 10th Edition. � Updated software to comply with API-653 3rd Edition. � Added dynamic tank sizing control to the sizing scratch-pad.



� Incorporated the computations for Cycle Life from API-650 Appendix M. � Included an alternate method to determine nozzle stiffnesses, from PVP-1279. � Incorporated API-650 10th Edition, Addendum 3. � Incorporated API-653 3rd Edition, Addendum 1. � Revised the output processor, for easier usage. � Since bolting data is now a required input, this dialog has been moved from the Seismic

section to the General Tank Data section. � Incorporated the ability to check for web site updates. � Revised documentation.



� Added input fields and associated handling for insulation thickness and insulation density. � Added many “text” changes to the output, to provide more information and detail. � Added JIS structural steel shape library. � Upgraded hardware lock to Aladdin’s latest HL key



� Incorporated changes to address Addendum 4 API - 650 10th Edition. � Incorporated changes to address Addendum 2 API - 653 3rd Edition. � Added a Wind Parameter input dialog. � Added several minor changes as requested by users.



Implemented API -650 11th Edition

� Added additional Bolt Tables TEMA Metric, BS3643, South African Bolts � Colorized the Output Report text � Relocated \System & \Examples to %alluserprofile%. � Added new ESL routines to permit "software licenses"

17-1

� API-650, American Petroleum Institute, Tenth Edition, November 2001(Including Addendum 1-4)

� API-653, American Petroleum Institute, Third Edition, December 2001(Including Addendum 1-2).

� API-620, American Petroleum Institute, Eighth Edition, June 1990. � Process Equipment Design, Brownell & Young, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1959. � Simple Method Calculates Tank Shell Distortion, F. A. Koczwara, Hydrocarbon Processing,

August 1980. � Criteria for Settlement of Tanks, Marr, Ramos, and Lambe, Journal of the Geotechnical

Engineering Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol 108, August 1982.

� Ovalization of Cylindrical Tanks as a Result of Foundation Settlement, Malik, Morton, and Ruiz, Journal of Strain Analysis, Vol 12, No 4, 1977.

� Stiffness Coefficients and Allowable Loads for Nozzles in Flat-Bottom Storage Tanks, Billimoria, and Hagstrom, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, November 1978.

� Experimental Investigation of Stiffness Coefficients and Allowable Loads for a Nozzle in a Flat Bottom Storage Tank, Billimoria and Tam, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, August 1980.

� Improve Storage Tank Inspections, Hendrix & Carucci, Hydrocarbon Processing, January 1995.

� Nozzle Stresses Resulting from Piping Loads at Low Type Nozzles in API-650 Storage Tanks, Lengsfeld, Bardia, and Taagepera, PVP Vol 315, ASME 1995.

� An Evaluation of Procedures for Determining the Fitness-For-Service of Settled Aboveground Storage Tanks, Osage, Parikh, and Horwege, PVP Vol 315, ASME 1995.

� FDA VS API-650 for Low Tank Nozzles, Lengsfeld, Bardia and Taagepera, PVP Vol 336, ASME 1996.

� Recent Developments in API Tankage Standards, Smith, PVP Vol 336, ASME 1996. � Frangible Roof Joint Behavior of Cylindrical Oil Storage Tanks Designed to API 650 Rules,

Lu, Swenson, and Fenton, Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 118, August 1996. � Revise Storage Tank Inspections, Carucci & Ay, Hydrocarbon Processing, October 1996. � Above Ground Storage Tanks, Philip E. Myers, McGraw-Hill, 1997. � API-2000, America Petroleum Institute, Fifth Edition, April 1998. � Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API-650 Tanks, Lengsfeld, Bardia, Taagepera,

Hathaitham, LaBounty, and Lengsfeld, PVP-1279, ASME, 2002.

C H A P T E R 1 7

Chapter 17 Appendix F - Selected References

1

Index

** ASTM Standards • 14-2 * CSA Standards • 14-3 * ISO 630 • 14-5 * National Standards • 14-4 * Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependant) • 14-

6* Unknown For API-653 • 14-7

110% Plus 5 psf in Wind Moment • 3-4, 6-15

6653 Corroded Hydrotest Case • 3-5 653 Entire Course Evaluation • 6-16 653 Local Area Evaluation • 6-16

AAllowable Compressive Stress for Bottom

Stiffener (Fc) • 6-61 Allowable Compressive Stress for Top Stiffener

(Fc) • 6-61 allowable stresses • 8-4 Analysis • 8-2 Analysis/Solution Phase • 8-1 anchor bolt • 6-33 Anchor Bolt Allowable Stress • 6-18 Anchor Bolt Corrosion Allowance • 6-18 Anchor Bolt Database • 3-8 Anchor Bolt Diameter • 6-17 Anchor Bolt Yield Stress • 6-18 Angle Between Measurements • 6-44 Angle Between Roof and Horizontal • 6-23 Announcing Builds • 1-9 Annular Base Ring • 6-15 Anticipated In-Service Period of Operation (Or)

• 6-48 API Data Set • 12-5 API Design Code • 6-11 API-2000 • 6-1 API-2000 Venting • 6-55 API-2000 Venting Output • 10-17 API-650 Bolting Report • 10-18 API-650 Cycle Life Output • 10-19

API-650 External Pressure Output • 10-20 API-653 Service Measurement Data • 6-45 Appendix A - Program File List • 12-1 Appendix B - Standard Units Systems • 13-1 Appendix C - List of Materials • 14-1 Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives •

3-3, 15-1 Appendix E - Revision History • 16-1 Appendix F - Selected References • 17-1 Applied External Circumferential Moment • 6-41 Applied External Longitudinal Moment • 6-41 Applied External Radial Force • 6-41 Archiving and Reinstalling an Old, Patched

Version • 1-10 Average Course Height • 6-53 Average Depth of Generally Corroded Area • 6-

49 Average Depth of Internal Pitting (StPa) • 6-48 Average Depth of Underside Pitting (UPa) • 6-48

Bbatch stream processor • 5-7 Boiling Point • 6-56 Bolt Offset from Mean Tank Diameter • 6-18 Bottom Plate Corrosion Allowance • 6-36 Bottom Plate Thickness • 6-34 Bottom Plate Thickness (Tb) • 6-61 Bottom Post 3rd Edition • 6-45 Bottom Pre 3rd Edition • 6-46 Bottom Shell Course Thickness as Constructed •

6-50 Build Version Checker • 5-8

CCan Builds Be Applied to Any Version? • 1-9 carbon steels • 6-6 Center Column Cap Plate Diameter • 6-31 Completing the Error Check Phase • 7-5 computation control • 3-4 Computation Control • 3-4 configuration • 3-1 configuration file • 3-1 Corroded Nozzles • 3-4

2 Index

Cosine Curve Iteration Limit • 3-6 Cosine Curve Tolerance • 3-5 cost • 6-51 Cost per Unit Weight of Plate • 6-53 Course • 6-49 Course Joint Efficiency • 6-49 Course Lowest Average Thickness (t1) • 6-49 Course Minimum Thickness (t2) • 6-49 CRC Check • 5-8 Creating Input • 6-2 current codes • 1-6 Customizing TANK • 3-2 Cycle Life Evaluation • 6-58

DDatabase Definitions • 3-8 Default Shell Material • 6-15 Delta Temperature • 6-39 Design Acceleration Parameter at Short Periods

for ASCE Methods (Sds) • 6-35 Design Liquid Level [H] • 6-13 Design Method • 6-12 Design Pressure at Top • 6-13 Design Temperature • 6-12 Detecting/Checking Builds • 1-10 diagnostic message • 8-3 diagnostics • 1-5 Diagnostics Menu • 5-8 Distance Down to Top Wind Girder • 6-13 DLL files • 5-8 DLL Version Checker • 5-8

Eearthquake data • 6-33 Earthquake Type • 6-34 Elastic Modulus for Allowed Settlement • 6-43 Elastic Modulus of the Roof Plate Material • 6-

61 Emptying Rate • 6-55 English Text Set • 12-4 Environmental Factor • 6-56 Error Checker • 5-5, 7-1 Error Checker LOG File • 10-6 Error Checking • 1-5, 4-2, 7-1 error detection • 1-5 error message • 7-1 Error Review Module • 5-8 ESL fax update • 5-10 ESL Menu • 5-10 ESL phone update • 5-10

Example Problem A_WC • 11-4 Example Problem APP_K • 11-2 Example Problem APP_P • 11-10 Example Problem B&Y • 11-6 Example Problem EXTERN01 • 11-11 Example Problem KOCZWARA • 11-5 Example Problem O_WC • 11-3 Example Problem SEIS01 • 11-12 Example Problem SSC1 • 11-9 Example Problem SSTEST1 • 11-7 Example Problem TEST1 • 11-8 Examples • 11-1 Examples Data Set • 12-6 Expansion Coefficient • 6-40 External Pressure • 6-60

FFactor B • 6-59 Factor C • 6-59 Factor K • 6-59 Fill Height Difference • 6-58 Filling Rate • 6-56 fluid heights • 8-4 Fluid Specific Gravity • 6-53 Friction Factor • 6-34 Full Shell Weight in App F • 3-5

GGeneral Tank Data • 6-6, 6-38, 6-49, 6-52 Generate Message File • 3-4 Girder Ring Data • 6-32 grillage • 6-36 Grillage Data • 6-36, 6-48

HHelp • 1-4 Help & Error Processing Set • 12-3 help system • 1-4 HTML help system • 5-14

IIdentifying Builds • 1-9 Importance Factor • 6-34 In-Field Computations • 1-5 Initial Anchorage Type • 6-34 input calculator • 1-5 Input Fields • 6-22 Input Fields - Cycle Life • 6-58 Input Fields – External Pressure • 6-60 Input Fields - General Tank Data • 6-11

Index 3

Input Fields - Grillage • 6-36 Input Fields - Nozzles • 6-39 Input Fields - Seismic • 6-33 Input Fields - Service Measurement • 6-48 Input Fields - Shell Settlement • 6-43 Input Fields - Sizing Scratchpad • 6-53 Input Fields - Venting • 6-55 input file • 6-1 Input Menu • 6-1 Installation • 2-1 Installation Overview • 2-2 Installing Builds • 1-10 Installing TANK • 2-3 Installing TANK In Silent Mode • 2-8 Introduction • 1-1

JJob Title Page • 10-4 Joint Efficiency (App A or 653) [E] • 6-13 Joint Efficiency of Splice or Stiffener Sections

(JEst) • 6-61 Joint Efficiency of the Roof Plate (JEr) • 6-61 Joint Efficiency of the Shell Plate (JEs) • 6-61

LLiquid Flash Point • 6-56 Liquid Specific Gravity [G] • 6-13 Local Graphics Output • 9-1

MMain Menu • 5-1 Main Set • 12-2 Manual Shell Course Specification • 6-47 Manual Shell Course Specifications • 6-49 Mapped Maximum Earthquake 0sec Period (S0)

• 6-35 Mapped Maximum Earthquake 1sec Period (S1)

• 6-35 Mapped Maximum Earthquake Short Period (Ss)

• 6-35 material data base editor • 5-7 material database • 6-6 Material File • 3-8 material files • 3-8 Maximum Allowed Girder Length • 6-31 Maximum Allowed Rafter Length • 6-31 Maximum Allowed Spacing • 6-37 Maximum Depth of Internal Pitting After Repair

(StPm) • 6-49

Maximum Depth of Underside Pitting (UPm) • 6-48

Maximum Internal Pitting Rate (StPr) • 6-48 Maximum Rate of Corrosion (StPr) • 6-49 Maximum Rate of General Corrosion (GCr) • 6-

49 Maximum Tank Diameter • 6-54 Maximum Tank Height • 6-54 Maximum Underside Pitting Rate (UPr) • 6-48,

6-49 message file • 5-7, 8-3 Message File • 10-7 Minimum Remaining Thickness (RTbc) • 6-48 Minimum Remaining Thickness (RTip) • 6-48 Minimum Tank Diameter • 6-54 Minimum Tank Height • 6-53 Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate • 6-33,

6-36, 6-59 Minimum Yield Strength of the Weld Material •

6-34 Modify Fluid Height by Pressure • 3-5 Modulus of Elasticity of Bottom Plate • 6-36 Modulus of Elasticity of Nozzle • 6-39 MRU list • 5-3

NNet Area at Roof/Shell Junction • 6-23 Nominal Thickness of Bottom Plate • 6-37 Nozzle Designation • 6-39 Nozzle Flexibilities • 6-38 nozzle flexibility • 8-4 Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results • 10-15 Nozzle Height Above Bottom Plate • 6-39 nozzle interaction diagrams • 9-9 Nozzle Interaction Diagrams • 9-9 Nozzle Outer Diameter • 6-39 Nozzle RePad Thickness • 6-41 Nozzle Thickness for PVP-1279 • 6-41 Nozzle Weight • 6-41 Number of Anchor Bolts • 6-18 Number of Shell Courses • 6-15

OObtaining Builds • 1-9 optimum cosine curve • 8-4 Original Plate Thickness (To) • 6-48 Output Overview • 10-2 Output Report Discussions • 10-4 Output Report Generation • 10-1 output reports • 10-1

4 Index

PPeak Ground Acceleration for Non-ASCE

Earthquakes (Sp) • 6-35 Percent Roof Weight Supported by the Shell • 6-

24 Plate Allowable Stress • 6-53 Plate Material Density • 3-7 Preferred Column Type • 6-28 Preferred Girder Type • 6-26 Preferred Rafter Type • 6-24 Program Capabilities • 1-6 Program Configuration • 3-1, 8-3 program files • 8-3, 12-1 Program Hardware Requirements • 1-8 program interface • 1-4 Program Interface Generalities • 1-4 Program Support • 1-9

QQuick Start • 4-1, 5-2

Rregistration • 5-14 Reinforcement on Shell or Nozzle • 6-40 RePad Outer Diameter for PVP-1279 • 6-42 Required Volume • 6-53 roof • 6-20 roof data • 6-20 Roof Data • 6-20 Roof Dish Radius (R) • 6-62 roof evaluation • 10-10 Roof Evaluation • 10-10 Roof Live Load • 6-24 Roof Plate Allowable Design Stress • 6-31 Roof Plate Corrosion Allowance • 6-23 Roof Plate Material • 6-30 Roof Plate Thickness • 6-23 Roof Projection in Wind Moment • 3-4, 6-15 roof sketch • 9-12 Roof Type • 6-23 Round Anchor Bolts by ... • 3-7 Run Objective • 6-12

SScaling Factor (Q) • 6-34 scratchpad • 6-51 seismic • 8-4 Seismic Analysis Results • 10-14 seismic data • 6-33

Seismic Data • 6-33, 6-48 Seismic Use Group • 6-34 settlement • 8-4 Settlement Checks • 10-16 settlement dialog • 6-43 Settlement Elevations • 6-44 Shell Course Corrosion Allowance, CA • 6-16 Shell Course Details • 6-16 Shell Course Height • 6-16 Shell Course Thickness • 6-16 Shell Design Stress, Sd • 6-16 Shell Hydro Test Stress, St • 6-17 shell settlement • 9-7 Shell Settlement Data • 6-43 Shell Settlement Method • 3-6 Shell Settlement Plots • 9-7 Shell Thickness Convergence Tolerance • 3-5 Site Class • 6-34 Smallest Allowable Tensile Stress of Roof,

Shell, and Stiffeners (f) • 6-62 Software Revision Procedures • 1-9 Solution Overview • 8-4 Specified External Pressure (Pe) • 6-60 Spectral Acceleration Adjustment Coefficient

(K) • 6-34 Spectral Acceleration Parameter at Any Period

(Sa*) • 6-35 Spectral Acceleration Parameter at Zero Period

(SaO*) • 6-35 SSD1 through SSD5 • 6-17 stainless steels • 6-6 Starting TANK • 4-2 Structural Database • 3-8 Structural Member Design Allowable Stress • 6-

31 Structural Member Material • 6-31 supported cone roof • 6-20 Supported Cone Roof Sketches • 9-12

TTank Description Page • 6-5 TANK Input • 6-1 Tank Layout Sketch • 9-5 Tank Nominal Diameter [D] • 6-13 tank nozzles • 6-38 TANK Overview • 1-2 TANK Program Files • 8-3 Tank Shell Height [HTK] • 6-13 Tank Sizing / Costing Scratch-pad • 6-51 tank sketch • 9-5

Index 5

technical support • 5-14 Technical Support • 1-3 Temperature Difference • 6-59 The Analysis Menu • 5-5 The Diagnostics Menu • 5-8 The Error Checker Module • 7-2 The ESL Menu • 5-10 The File Menu • 5-3 The Help Menu • 5-14 The Input Menu • 5-4 The Local Graphics Menu • 9-2 The Main Menu • 5-2 The Output Menu • 5-6 The Tank Description Page • 6-5 The Tools Menu • 5-7 The View Menu • 5-13 Thickness Roundup to Nearest ... • 3-6 thicknesses • 8-4 Threads per Unit Length • 6-17 Tip of the Day • 5-14 tool bar • 5-4 Transitional Period (TL) • 6-35

Uunits • 6-6, 10-1, 13-1 Units • 1-5 Units File • 3-8 units files • 3-8, 5-7 units system • 1-5 Use PVP-1279 • 6-41 Use Specified • 6-50 Use Specified t1/t2 Values • 6-50 User Input Data • 10-5 Utilities menu • 8-3 Utilizing the Main Menu • 5-1

Vventing calculations • 8-4 Venting Data • 6-1, 6-55 Version 1.10 Changes (6/94) • 16-2 Version 1.20 Changes (11/94) • 16-3 Version 1.30 Changes (8/95) • 16-4 Version 1.31 Changes (2/96) • 16-5 Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) • 16-6 Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) • 16-7 Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) • 16-8 Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99) • 16-9 Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) • 16-10 Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) • 16-11 Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) • 16-12

Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) • 16-13 Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) • 16-14 Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) • 16-15 Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) • 16-16 Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) • 16-17 View Menu • 5-13

WWarning & Error Options • 7-4 warning messages • 7-1 Weight of Attachments & Structures • 6-13 Weight of Roof Framing • 6-24 Weight of Roof Plates • 6-23 Weight of Snow on Roof • 6-24 What is Contained in a Specific Build? • 1-10 wind • 8-4 wind girder • 8-4 Wind Girder Shell Thickness • 3-6 Wind Gust Factor • 6-19 Wind I Paramater • 6-19 Wind Kd Paramater • 6-19 Wind Kz Paramater • 6-19 Wind Kzt Paramater • 6-19 Wind Moment for App F • 3-7, 6-15 wind pressure • 3-4 Wind Velocity • 3-4, 3-7, 6-14, 6-15 Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights • 10-8

COADE, Inc.

12777 Jones Rd., Suite 480

Houston, Texas 77070

Phone: (281)890-4566

Fax: (281)890-3301

E-mail: [email protected]

WWW: www.coade.com

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V E R S I O N 3. 1 0

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