Manual PVPM

7/27/2019 Manual PVPM

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PVPM 2540C

6020C1000C1000C40

Peak Power Measuring Device

for PV-Modules

Users Manual

07 / 2009

PV-Engineering GmbHugus!as!ra"e 24

5#641 $serl%&n

German'(el) *49-2+71-1595+47,a) *49-2+71-1595+4#

e-mail ser.ie.-engineering)e


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PVPM Users Manual Page 2

Contents1 SOFTWARE END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT........................................ 5

2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 6

3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS............................................................................... 8

4 OPERATION OF THE PVPM1000C............................................................... 11

4.1 GENERALHINTS................................................................................................ 11

4.2 CONNECTINGPERIPHERALDEVICES....................................................................... 12

4.3 POWERSUPPLY................................................................................................. 13

4.4 CONNECTINGAPC............................................................................................ 13

4.5 CONNECTINGTHESOLARGENERATOR................................................................... 14

4.6 CONNECTINGTHECOMBINATIONSENSOR............................................................... 15

4.7 TURNINGON.................................................................................................... 15

4.8 KEYS.............................................................................................................. 16

4.8.1 Test............................................................................................. 16

4.8.2 ESC.............................................................................................16

4.8.3 HOME........................................................................................ 16

4.8.4 ENTER....................................................................................... 16

4.8.5 Arrow keys..................................................................................164. MEASUREMENT................................................................................................. 17

4.1! MENUS.......................................................................................................... 174.10.1 Menu New e!sureent"......................................................1#

4.1!.1.1 M"#$ %S'(" )"*+$,")"#-....................................................... 17

4.1!.1.2 M"#$ %R+ )"*+$,")"#-............................................................. 17

4.1!.1.3 O/0. I#".................................................................................... 18

4.10.2 Menu Store$ e!s.".............................................................. 18

4.10.3 Menu Tr!ns%er"..................................................................... 1&

4.10.4 Menu Ser'()e"....................................................................... 1&4.1!.4.1 M"#$ %S"("- +"#+,.................................................................. 1

4.1!.4.2 M"#$ %S ",+................................................................. 14.1!.4.3 M"#$ %R"+"- /0. " .............................................................. 1

4.1!.4.4 M"#$ S"- D*-"T&)"................................................................. 2!

4.11 MESSAGES..................................................................................................... 2!

5 ETERNAL SECURITY SWITCH 1000V ! 20A............................................ 22

6 PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE ACCURACY OF THE

MEASUREMENT................................................................................................. 23

" INSTALLATION OF THE TRANSFER SOFTWARE PVPM.DISP............ 26

8 OPERATION OF THE TRANSFER SOFTWARE PVPM.DISP................... 288.1 MAINMENU.................................................................................................... 2

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page .

8.2 9ILE................................................................................................................ 2

8.2.1 O*en........................................................................................... 2&

8.2.2 S!'e !s....................................................................................... 2&8.2.3 +rowse........................................................................................30

8.2.4 E,*ort.........................................................................................30

8.2.5 -r(nt........................................................................................... 31

8.2.6 -r(nter Sett(ns.......................................................................... 31

8.2.# /u(t -ror!............................................................................. 328.3 EDIT............................................................................................................... 32

8.3.1 Cut..............................................................................................32

8.3.2 Co*y........................................................................................... 32

8.3.3 nsert.......................................................................................... 328.4 OPTIONS.......................................................................................................... 32

8.4.1 St!rt Me!sureent on --M +utton Me!sure".................. 33

8.4.2 M!n!e (es on te --M1000C............................................ 33

8.4.3 Syn)ron(e --M to -C $!tet(e.......................................... 34

8.4.4 Mo$(%y --M sensor $!t!7!se..................................................34

8.4.5 C!)u!te (ntern! ser(es res(stor............................................... 35

8.4.6 Cont(nous e!sureent.............................................................35

8.4.# Sett(ns....................................................................................... 36

8.4.7.1 S"("- S",&*( P,-........................................................................... 368.4.7.2 W,:' &,"-,;......................................................................... 36

8.4.7.3 D&*(' (*#'$*'"............................................................................. 36

8.4.7.4 T")


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PVPM Users Manual Page 4

.2 CALCULATIONUNIT.......................................................................................... 42

.3 DISPLAY......................................................................................................... 42

.4 OPERATION

..................................................................................................... 42.5 POWERSUPPLY................................................................................................ 42

.6 DIMENSIONS.................................................................................................... 42

.7 OPERATIONCONDITIONS.................................................................................... 43

10 LIST OF SYM$OLS........................................................................................ 44

11 REASONS FOR DECREASED POWER AND YIELD OF PV

GENERATORS..................................................................................................... 45

12 SAMPLE CURVES.......................................................................................... 4"

13 GLOSSARY...................................................................................................... 5113.1 A@IMUTH>SS? ANDELEVATION>?...................................................................... 51

13.2 SLOPEO9THEROO9......................................................................................... 51

13.3 DC.............................................................................................................. 52

13.4 DEGRADATIONCHARACTERISTIC.......................................................................... 52

13.5 DIRECTRADIATION DI99USERADIATION............................................................... 53

13.6 GENERATOR.................................................................................................... 53

13.7 GLOBALTOTALRADIATION................................................................................ 53

13.8 SHORTCIRCUITCURRENTANDSOLARCELLS.......................................................... 53

13. MISMATCHING................................................................................................. 53

13.1! MPP.......................................................................................................... 5413.11 TRACKING.................................................................................................... 54

13.12 PEAKPOWER................................................................................................ 54

13.13 PER9ORMANCERATIO..................................................................................... 55

13.14 PHOSENSOR............................................................................................... 55

13.15 INTERNALSERIESRESISTANCE........................................................................... 56

13.16 SOLARCONSTANT......................................................................................... 56

13.17 SOLARIRRADIATION INSOLATION..................................................................... 57

13.18 CURRENTVOLTAGECHARACTERISTIC................................................................ 57

14 APPENDI A.................................................................................................... 58

14.1 DISPLAYLAMPSINTHEPANEL........................................................................... 58

14.2 SPEAKERSIGNALS........................................................................................... 58

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 5Software End User License Agreement

1 Software End User License Agreement

LICENSE GRANTT" *)


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PVPM Users Manual Page 6Introduction

!ntroduction

The devices of type PVPM enabes the measurement of the I!V!curve of photovotaic modues as we as of strings" #y a newdeveoped procedure the device can measure and cacuate thepea$ power Pp$% the &s and &p directy at the pace of assembyof the PV system" 'acuation resuts and the diagram can bedispayed on the interna L'(!dispay"

The pea$ power is the power of a modue under Standard Test'onditions )ST'* +,-" So far the very sumptuous measurement

of the pea$ power was possibe ony in particuary suitedaboratories" #y a new procedure +.-% which was deveoped byProfessor /agner at the University of Appied Sciences(ortmund )patented*% the measurement with the PVPM caneasiy be performed" So the 0uaity contro of a PV system canbe e1ecuted fast and economicay" This simpe and meaningfuchec$ in practice serves the certainty of the customer and asothat of the instaer" #eyond that the measured I!V!curves permit

further e1panations about the eectrica characteristics of theverified modue or string" So the PVPM is suitabe as we as aninstrument in research as for deveopment purposes"

+)e PVPM is a m#bile measuring "eie i&) in&egra&e" ba&&er*sul* an" ba&&er* )arger in a "urable me&al )#using' +)e"eie )as i&s #n in"us&rial minia&ure PC an" a )ig)-#n&ras&C7 "isla* an" &)us i&s $un&i#n is in"een"en& #$ #&)er

"eies' H#eer i$ "esire" a PC an be a&&a)e" $#r "a&a&rans$er an" $ur&)er anal*sis #$ &)e measure" alues #er as&an"ar" in&er$ae'

+)e PVPM is #era&e" #m$#r&abl* #er $e !e*s an" an #n-sreen menu' +)e $un&i#ns are "e$ine" sel$-"esribing an" &)euser is ala*s le" b* &)e r#gram' %# n# l#ng &raining a&ii&ies$#r &)e #era&ing s&a$$ are neessar*'

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page Introduction

7esri&i#n #$ &)e measuremen&

+)e PVPM auma&iall* measures &)e (-V-)ara&eris&i #$ &)e

generar a& a aai&ie l#a"' r#m &)e measure" "a&a i&alula&es &)e e$$e&ie s#lar ell )ara&eris&i P! an" Rs' 92:9.:' ;$&er &)e measuremen& &)e "a&a are sre" auma&iall* in an#n-#la&ile srage an" s# are aailable als# la&er

Permanen& alues>Pea! P#er PP!

(n&ernal %eries Resis&ane Rs

(n&ernal Parallel Resis&ane R

Curren& alues "een"ing #n irra"ia&i#n an" &emera&ure>

Vma (ma Pma

V# (s +m#" Ee$$

+)e "e&ermine" (-V-)ara&eris&i an als# be s)#n "ire&l* #n&)e C7 "isla*'

+,- IE'23435!67 ST'8 Irradiance ,333 /9m.% Spectrum AM8,":% 'e Temper" .:;'

+.- /agner A"7 Pea$ Power and Interna Series &esistance Measurement under


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PVPM Users Manual Page 8Safety &e0uirements

" Safet# $e%uirements

?e$#re &)e $irs& use #$ &)e PVPM1000C rea" &)is manualare$ull* an" #mle&el*' (& #n&ains im#r&an& )in&s a#i""amage ers#ns #r &)e measuring "eie' +)ese )in&s areem)asi@e" b* a $rame ar#un" &)e &e& an" s)#ul" be ai"a&&en&i#n '

+)e r#gram PVPM"disp reAuires a PC i&) )ar" "is! an" M%

Bin"#s #r +an" a m#use "eie' +)e #nne&i#n #$&)e PVPM1000C reAuires a $ree serial in&er$ae' Please be sure

&)a& &)is in&er$ae )as n# in&erru& #n$li&s i&) #&)er "eies in&)e PC'

+)e reAuire" $ree sae #n &)e )ar" "is! be$#re ins&allingPVPM'"is is ab#u& 2 M?' Please be sure la&er #n &)a& &)ere isen#ug) r##m #n &)e )ar" "is! be$#re sring measure" "a&a'

+)e r#gram sres im#r&an& alues in a $ile name"PVPMdisp"ini"7# n#& m#"i$* &)is $ile manuall* &)is #ul" a$$e&

&)e n#rmal #era&i#n #$ &)e r#gramD

;&&en&i#n> #r &)e ur#se #$ "a&a seuri&* e #ul" li!e #inu& &)e im#r&ane #$ saing &)e "a&abase #$ &)e r#gramregularl* #n an#&)er "a&a me"ium s# in &)e een& #$ "amage*#u ill be able #n&inue #r!ing i&)#u& #nsi"erable "a&al#ss' %u) a "amage an n#& be elu"e" een un"er &)e

resen& s&a&e-#$-&)e-ar&' Please "# n#& resre single "a&a $ilesbu& ala*s &)e #mle&e "a&a ba!-u #$ &)e r#gram #&)erise*#u mig)& ause mal$un&i#n &)is in &urn mig)& lea" "a&a l#ssD(n ase #$ "#ub& lease #n&a& &)e "is&ribu&er #r &)e r#"uer'

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page Safety &e0uirements

& 'A$(!()S &

*o disregard t+e following information can lead

to severe in,ur# and even entail a eril to life

*+is device ma# never .e utilised close toinflamma.le gases/

0ee c+ildren and infants awa# from t+e measuringe%uiment&

*+e measuring device ma# not .e used in locationswit+ intense dust eosure or +ig+ +umidit#/ (o

fluids ma# reac+ t+e interior of t+e measuringdevice/

At aearance of unusual sounds2 t+e develomentof smell or smoke t+e device +as got to .e

switc+ed of immediatel#2 t+e circuit .reaker and t+ecurrent source +ave got to .e disconnected/

!f t+e conducting wires of t+e measuring device aredamaged t+e# +ave to .e relaced/ Mending t+e

wires is not admissi.le/

*+e current measurement inut ma# onl# .e

attac+ed to a limited source of direct current3P+otovoltaic-)enerator4 wit+ at most 5A 365A

wit+ PVPM765C4& *+e ,unction of ot+er

sources can lead to demolition of t+e device&

8or securit# reasons onl# %ualified ersonal mustesta.lis+ t+e ca.le connection .etween t+e PVgenerator and t+e PVPM securit# switc+& *+e

measurement s+ould .e carried out or

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 10Safety &e0uirements

accomanied .# %ualified ersonal/ Additional

%ualifications and laws 3e/g/ VDE 51554 +ave to .eo.served2 ot+erwise +ig+ currents and voltages

involve danger of life&

+)e PVPM1000C an" all "eies being ar& #$ i& ma* be#ene" an" reaire" b* au&)#ri@e" Auali$ie" ers#nal #nl*'?e$#re #ening a ase eer* able #nne&i#n mus& be"is#nne&e"D

+)e s#lar generar #ssibl* an genera&e er* )ig)&ensi#ns an" urren&s )i) an a$$e& *#ur )eal&) )en*#u "# n#& )an"le i&) areD

&& VE$9 !MP:$*A(* &&

(ever lug in or remove t+e ca.le connectors

.etween solar generator and PVPM1555C .eforet+e solar generator is deactivated& A securit#

switc+ added to t+e measurement line allows t+esimultaneous disconnection and t+e safeconnection of measuring wires to t+e PVPM/

*+e PVPM will make a s+ort circuit during measurement

or due to wrong olari;ation2 and w+en #ou tear of a

ca.le under t+is condition2 a lig+t arc can arise and can

cause serious damage to +ealt+ and material& After t+e

generator is deactivated #ou can remove t+e ca.leconnection wit+out +arm/

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 11?peration of the PVPM,333'

6 :eration of t+e PVPM1555C

6/1 )eneral


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PVPM Users Manual Page 12Benera Cints

7# n#& u) &)e $r#n& anel i&) a s)ar #r #in&e" #be&'+)is #ul" $#re sra&)es an" mig)& een "es&r#* &)e $#il

eseiall* in &)e regi#ns i&) !e*s in &)e ba!'

Clean &)e sur$ae i&) a s#$& an" n#& e& &issue' 7# n#&use ma&erials &)a& an sra&) eseiall* #n &)e #er #$ &)e"isla*' ; sra&)e" "isla* #er ill "rama&iall* a$$e& &)e"isla* Auali&*'

+)e ase is n#& a&er r##$e"' 7# n#& e#se &)e PVPM1000C"ire&l* rain #r similar in$luene'

#r a g##" measuring Auali&* &)e sun irra"iane "uring &)emeasuremen& s)#ul" be ab#e 500 B/m2' Measuremen&s are#ssible bel# &)is irra"iane alue bu& less reise'

#r &)e "e&ermina&i#n #$ Rs &)e neessar* (-V-Cures mus&be measure" a& "i$$eren& irra"ianes' +)e "i$$erene s)#ul" bem#re &)an 10'

6/ Connecting Peri+eral Devices

#r a measuremen& &)e $#ll#ing #m#nen&s are neessar*>

Pea! #er measuring "eie PVPM1000C


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PVPM Users Manual Page 1.'onnecting Periphera (evices

#$ #urse &)e m#"ule be measure" an" &)e able#nne&i#n PVPM1000C

#&i#nal> E&ernal PC $#r &)e #era&i#n #$ &)e measuremen&an" ealua&i#n #$ &)e measure" "a&a

+)e PVPM1000C is eAuie" i&) &)e $#ll#ing inu&/#u&u&in&er$aes

(n&er$ae un&i#nGri" ;& &)e ba! #nne&i#n 2.0V/50H@ gri" #er

+emera&ure +emera&ure sens#r

(rra"iane P)# sens#r

4-ire-measuremen& V#l&age inu&

Curren& inu& Curren& inu&

PC C#nne&i#n PC


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PVPM Users Manual Page 14'onnecting a P'

Cau&i#n> be$#re *#u an #n&r#l &)e PVPM1000C $r#m a PCi&) PVPM'"is i& is neessar* sele& &)e menu #&i#n

I&rans$erJ #n &)e PVPM1000C' F&)erise &)e PC an n#&aess &)e "eie'

6/7 Connecting t+e Solar )enerator

(m#r&an&> "uring a measuremen& &)e s#lar generar bemeasure" mus& be "is#nne&e" $r#m all #&)er "eies li!e

ba&&eries iner&ers #r l#a"s' +)e PVPM1000C ill ma!e a s)#r&irui& &)e s#lar generar $#r s#me se#n"s an" i& mig)& be"amage" b* #nne&e" ba&&eries #r l#a" aai&ies in &)einer&erD

C#nne& &)e measuring "eie r#erl* &)e s#lar generarusing &)e ables "eliere" i&) &)e measuring "eie' +)e lus#le is mar!e" RE7 &)e minus #le is mar!e" ?;CD B)en#nne&e" r#ng


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PVPM Users Manual Page 15'onnecting the 'ombination Sensor

6/> Connecting t+e Com.ination Sensor

#r a measuremen& *#u mus& #nne& a P&1000 &emera&uresens#r an" a P)# sens#r ;umular )arge" #mle&el* =

Fera&i#n n#& #ssibleD

Fera&i#n #ssible

Fera&i#n #ssible

Gri" #nne&i#n ig)&s u )en gri" #nne&i#n


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PVPM Users Manual Page 16Turning ?n

"isla*e" #n &)e C7 "isla*=

= ($ &)e lam al&erna&e" be&een green an" *ell# s&ea"il* &)e aumular

l#a" is !e&' +)is ar& #$ &)e l#a"ing s)#ul" n#& be re&aine" $#r m#re &)an .)#urs beause else &)e aumular #ul" be "amage"'

+)e PVPM1000C re#r&s seeral s*s&em #n"i&i#ns $un&i#nsan" err#rs b* sea!er signals' ; lis& #$ signals *#u ill $in" in &)eaen"i'

B)en &)e "eie signale" rea"iness *#u an ma!e ameasuremen&'

6/@ 0e#s

5"D", Test

+)e I+es&J !e* is use" isuali@e &)e l#a" s&a&e #$ &)eaumular i&) &)e $r#n& anel E7s )en &)e "eie is n#era&ing' L#u s)#ul" "# &)is regular a#i" "amage #$ &)eaumular &)r#ug) inei&able sel$ "is)arge' C)arge &)ePVPM1000C #mle&el* a& leas& #ne a m#n&) een i$ *#u "#nK&use &)e "eie'

5"D". ES'

+)e IE%CJ !e* ill bring *#u u &)e ne& )ig)er menu leel'

5"D"6 C?ME

+)e IHFMEJ !e* ill bring *#u u &)e main menu'

5"D"5 E


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PVPM Users Manual Page 1Measurement

6/ Measurement

Please a* a&&en&i#n &)e sa$e&* )in&s in )a&ers .,4an"$ars a$$e&ing measuremen& aura* in )a&er 5'

+)e measuremen& an be s&ar&e" $r#m &)e PVPM1000C #r $r#ma #nne&e" PC measuremen&s a&"i$$eren& irra"ianes bu& same &emera&ure an" se&rum )ae

PV-Engineering GmbH

N" )"*+$,")"#-

S-," )"*+$,")"#-

T,*#+=",

S",&"

S"#+,L)#,&+-*((

E"==L532W)2F T)L34F4C


18/62

PVPM Users Manual Page 18Menus

be ma"e' B)en &)e se#n" measuremen& is $inis)e" &)e Rsill be alula&e" an" "isla*e" $r#m &)e resul&s #$ &)ese

measuremen&s' +)is me&)#" is mu) mure #mlia&e &)an #urs&an"ar" me&)#" me&)#" gain &)e Rs $r#m #nl* #ne i--ure'

(& is #nl* imlemen&e" $#r #mle&eness'

4'10'1'. Fb' (n"e

+)e #be& in"e as imlemen&e" all# marginal s&ru&uring#$ &)e measure" "a&a' 7ue &)e la! #$ a al)anumerial!e*b#ar" n# a""i&i#nal "a&a an be a""e" &)e measuremen&s'+)e #be& in"e n# all#s assign a number &)emeasuremen&s' %# *#u an #rgani@e "a&ase&s &)a& bel#ngge&)er


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PVPM Users Manual Page 1Menus

"isla* I7ele&eJ ill "ele&e &)e "a&ase&$r#m in&ernal srage *#u an

n#& un"# &)isD= I;b#r&J brings *#u ba! &)e main menu'

5",3"6 Menu TransferF

+)is $un&i#n all#s &)e #n&r#l #$ &)ePVPM1000C &)r#ug) a #nne&e"

e&ernal PC

4'10'4'1 Menu I%ele& sens#rJ

L#u an sele& #ne #$ &)e sens#rs &)a& are "e$ine" in &)e sens#r"a&abase


20/62

PVPM Users Manual Page 20Messages

6/11 Messages

Message: Description: 'Serial error' An error in the serial connection between

PVPM and PC ocurred

'No measured data' Measured data is not yet available

'Configuration file not found!' Internal error consult manufacturer PVPM

cannot wor" without its configuration file

'Irradiance varies #ref$cell%!''Irradiance too low!'

'Irradiance varies #module%!' &he irradiance is not constant enough for the

ea" ower measurement #for e(amle due to

moving clouds%

'not available' &his reusult cannot be calculated

'No room for new data!'

')elete files from PVPM' &here is no sace left on the internalermanent storage you have to delete stored

data from the ermanent storage of the PVPM

#see*+,+-%

'Measurement runs'

'Please wait' Measurement is in rocess

'.rror writing file ' An error ocurred storing the measured data

')ata transfer/'

'0uit transfer with .SC' )ata connection to PC invo"ed

'Measurement not yet ossible' &he security delay between two measurements

is not yet elased

'Calculation of 1s not ossible' )ata is not sufficient for calculation of 1s 1edo

the measurement

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 21Messages

'Values not evaluablely' )ata is not sufficient for calculation 1edo the

measurement

Voltage too high! Immediately switch off the generator with the

e(ternal security switch! &he device could be

damaged by the high voltage!

Service re2uired! &he device is damaged internally and re2uires

test and reair through authorised ersonell

3rong olarity! &he measuring cables are mounted in the

wrong way! Switch off the generator with thee(ternal security switch immediately! &he

device will short circuit the generator if the

olarity is wrong and can ta"e harm If you

disconnect the cables under voltage a light arc

can cause serious damage to health and

material

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 22E1terna Security Switch ,333V 9 .3A

7 Eternal Securit# Switc+ 1555V B 5A

Use &)is si&) "is#nne& &)e ea! #er measuring ins&rumen& an"(-V-ure &raer PVPM $r#m &)e PV #er be$#re #nne&ing #r"is#nne&ing &)e measuring ables /$r#m &)e PVPM' +)is a#i"s"amages #$ *#ur #n )eal&) #r &)e PVPM'

Usage=

*urn t+e kno. at t+e switc+ in a neutral osition 5 3.ot+ 5ositions are e%ual4/

Pu& &)e measuring able "eliere" i&) &)e PVPM as $ar as i&ill g# &)e s#!e&s a& &)e si&) )#using re" #nners re" s#!e&s an" bla! #nners bla! s#!e&s' L#u anreerse &)e re" #nners i&)#u& )arm &)e bla!#nes als#' # #nne& &)e ables m#un&e" a& &)e si&) &)e PVPM

CAU*!:(=

Do never forget to switc+ to 5 .efore +andling t+e

connectors at t+e PVPM&

!f #ou detect a defect at t+e switc+2 t+e +ousing or t+e

connection ca.les2 t+e switc+ ma# under no condition

.e used an# longer&

:nl# seciall# instructed rofessionals must do reairs&

0ee t+e switc+ and ca.les awa# from li%uids2 dust and

dirt/ Clean t+e surface wit+ a wet clot+ onl#/

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 2.Parameters affecting the Accuracy of the Measurement

> Parameters affecting t+e Accurac# of t+e

Measurement?e sure &)a& &)ere is n# s)a"#


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PVPM Users Manual Page 24Parameters affecting the Accuracy of the Measurement

L#u an en)ane &)e reisi#n #$ &)e PVPM resul&s b*measuring &)e same #be& seeral &imes


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PVPM Users Manual Page 25Parameters affecting the Accuracy of the Measurement

+)e measure" alue #$ &)e irra"ia&i#n re$erene sens#r)as be a"us&e" i&) &)e measure" &emera&ure #$ &)e

ell

+)e measuremen& #$ &)e ell &emera&ure )as &a!elae ins&an&ane#usl* be$#re/a$&er &)e measuremen& #$&)e )ara&eris&i i&)in 1se#n" an" an aura&eness #$1

+)e a&ie sur$ae #$ &)e "eie un"er &es& mus& lie in-lane i&) &)e irra"ia&i#n re$erene sens#r


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PVPM Users Manual Page 26Instaation of the Transfer Software PVPM"disp

? !nstallation of t+e *ransfer Software PVPM/dis

PVPM'"is is "eliere" #n a "is!e&&e #r a C7-RFM' +)e me"ium#n&ains a se&u r#gram $#r eas* ins&alla&i#n #$ &)e s#$&are #n *#ur PC' +)e se&u r#gram ill #* all neessar* $iles *#ur )ar" "is! an" ini&iali@es &)e r#gram' +)e ins&alla&i#n an beer$#rme" b* eer* ers#n i&) basi eeriene #$ PC an" M%Bin"#s'

#r &)e ins&alla&i#n &)e $#ll#ing s&es are neessar*>

1' (nser& &)e r#gram "is!/C7 #n&aining &)e se&u r#gram


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PVPM Users Manual Page 2Instaation of the Transfer Software PVPM"disp

$iles ere rea&e" auma&iall* "uring a "a&a &rans$er $r#mPVPM1000C PC &)e $ile name ill #n&ain &)e "a&e an" &ime #$

&)e measuremen&' ; &*ial $ile name #ul" be 24-05-0114_17_04.SUI2&)is $ile #n&ains "a&a $r#m a measuremen& ma"e Mai

24' 2001 a& 2>1>04m'

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 28?peration of the Transfer Software PVPM"disp

@ :eration of t+e *ransfer Software PVPM/dis

#r &)e ins&alla&i#n #$ &)e s#$&are lease re$er )a&er' ;$&ers&ar&ing &)e s#$&are &)e $#ll#ing in"# aears>

+)e "isla*e" "#umen& is em&* all alues are @er#' # *#uan ma!e a measuremen& #r ge& measuremen& "a&a $r#m &)ePVPM1000C' +)e ne #r reeie" "a&a ill be sre" &)is"#umen& an" *#u are able #n&inue ealua&ing &)ese "a&a #rsae i& a )ar" "is! $ile' #r &)e ealua&i#n *#u an re$er &)esreen ages IGra)iJ


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PVPM Users Manual Page 2Main Menu

@/1 Main Menu

@/ 8ile

D".", ?pen

(-V-uressae" "is!be$#re an berel#a"e" using

&)e FenIbu&n' +)el#a"e" "a&aill #erri&e&)e "a&a inmem#r*' ($ *#uill use &)eeis&ing "a&a

la&er *#u )ae sae i& "is! $ile be$#re l#a"ing #&)er "a&a'+)e $iles )ae &)e "e$aul& e&ensi#n '%U('

D".". Save as"""

Here *#u ansae &)eurren& "a&a a "is! $ile'

En&ries ma"e in$iel" IRemar!sJill be saeals#' +)er#gramsu#r&s l#ng$ile names' +)e"e$aul& $ile

e&ensi#n is S'%U(S'

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page .0Gie

D"."6 #rowse

+)e br#se in"# s)#s &)e &)umbnail images #$ &)e

measure" ures in &)e sele&e" "irer*' +)is gies *#u aAui! #erie #er &)e eis&ing measuremen&s an" *#u an"e&e& a seial ure'

($ *#u g# i&) &)em#use urs#r ab#e#ne gra)i a small)in& in"# ill "isla*

&)e signi$ian& alues'7#ubleli!ing &)egra) ill #en &)e $ile$#r ealua&i#n'

D"."5 E1port

+)e urren& "a&a an be e#r&e" "is! $iles i&) "i$$eren& $ile $#rma&s)i) an be rea" b* #&)err#grams


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D".": Print

+)is bu&n is #n&e& sensi&ie

&)a& means &)a& a gra) ill berin&e" )en &)e gra)i isurren&l* "isla*e" an" a "a&a lis&ill be rin&e" )en &)e resul&sare "isla*e" #n sreen'

Please a* a&&en&i#n &)e $a&&)a& in s#me ases &)e age

#rien&a&i#n #$ &)e rin&er )as be)ange" be$#re rin&ing #u&' +)erin& uses &)e )#le aailablerin&ing area'

+)e bu&ns #n #$ &)e reiein"# are $r#m le$& rig)&>T##m $ar

%ae reie#a" reie

Prin& reiein" &e& in reieHelinis) reie'

D"."2 Printer Settings

Calls &)e in"#s s&an"ar"

"ial#gue IPrin&er %e&&ingsJ'%ele& &)e "esire" rin&erse&&ings )ere'

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D"."H uit Program

Here *#u $inis) &)e r#gram PVPM'"is' +)e urren& "a&a are n#&

sae auma&iall* bu& *#u ill ge& an arning &)a& *#u "a&as)#ul" be sae" be$#re l#sing &)e r#gram

7#nK& $#rge&>inis) I+rans$erJ #n &)e PVPM1000C )en *#u l#sePVPM'"is

inis) PVPM'"is ala*s i&) &)e $un&i#n Iui& r#gramJ &)e

bu&n IEn"J #r &)e !e* #mbina&i#n ;+W-4W an" g# ba! %*s&em' (& is als# im#r&an& &)a& *#u "#n *#ur s*s&em r#erl*a$&erar"s beause else a "a&a l#ss mig)& #ur "ue a ri&eba! a)e e&'

@/" Edit

+)is $un&i#n is #nl* a&ie )en &)e urs#r is lae" in a &e&e"i& $iel"'

D"6", 'ut

Cu&s &)e mar!e" &e& an" m#es i& &)e lib#ar"'

D"6". 'opy

C#ies &)e mar!e" &e& an" m#es i& &)e lib#ar"'

D"6"6 Insert

(nser&s &)e #n&en&s #$ &)e lib#ar" a& &)e urs#r #si&i#n'

@/6 :tions

?e$#re *#u use &)e $#ll#ing $un&i#n IMeasuremen&J lease#er #n &)e PVPM1000C an" sele& &)e menu #&i#n

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page ..?ptions

I+rans$erJ' +)e s#lar generar be measure" an" &)e sens#rss)#ul" be m#un&e" alrea"*'

D"5", Start Measurement on PVPM 9 #utton MeasureF

;$&er s&ar&ing &)e $un&i#n &)e s&a&us line ill "isla* &)e messageIMeasuremen& r#essingX Please ai&J'

+)e measuremen& ill &a!e u 2 se#n"s' 7ire&l* a$&er &)emeasuremen& &)e measure" alues ill be &rans$erre"


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PVPM Users Manual Page .4?ptions

Caution= Carr#ing out t+is function can not .e cancelled&&

B)en *#u sele& "a&a &rans$er &)e "a&a se&s ill be &rans$erre"#ne a$&er &)e #&)er an" &)e $iles are sre" "is! auma&iall*using a $ile name &)a& #n&ains &)e "a&e an" &ime #$ &)emeasuremen&'

D"5"6 Synchronie PVPM to P' date9time

Bi&) &)is $un&i#n &)e in&ernal real &ime l#! #$ &)e PVPM1000Cis se& &)e PCs "a&e/&ime'

D"5"5 Modify PVPM sensor database

L#u an #nne& "i$$eren& irra"iane sens#rs &)e PVPM' Eer*sens#r )as i&s #n alibra&i#n alue s# PVPM nee"s !n#&)is alue $#r #rre& #era&i#n' +#ma!e &)is simle "uringmeasuremen& *#u an "e$ine a &ablei&) u &en "i$$eren& sens#rs i&snames an" alibra&i#n alues )i)ill be sre" in &)e PVPMs erman&mem#r*' %# la&er #n *#u us& )ae sele& &)e ar#ria&e sens#r' +)ename *#u gie &)e sens#r is m#re #rless $ree' (& ill be "isla*e" la&er #n#n PVPMs "isla* an" in$#rms *#uab#u& &)e a&uall* sele&e" sens#r'

L#u an sele& &)e sens#r a& &)ePVPM ia &)e menu I%erieJ an" I%ele& sens#rJ'

($ *#u an& use &)is $un&i#n &)e PVPM mus& be #nne&e"an" rea"* $#r "a&a &rans$erD B)en *#u s&ar& &)is $un&i#n &)e"a&abase is l#a"e" $r#m PVPM an" ill be sre" ba! PVPM)en *#u l#se &)is $#rm'

+# en&er a ne alue us& sele& a $ree line an" en&er &)e alues

in &)e e"i& $iel"s bel# &)e &able'

PV-Engineering GmbH


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;$&er $inis)ing all en&ries ress F' # *#u ill be as!e")e&)er &)e "a&a s)#ul" be &rans$erre" PVPM' #rmall* *#u

s)#ul" sele& ILesJ )ere'

D"5": 'acuate interna series resistor

?asing #n &)e alues #$ s)#r& irui& urren& #en irui& #l&agean" &)e i an" alue #$ &)e MPP &)e PVPM an alula&e &)ee$$e&ie s#lar ell ure an" i&) &)is &)e ee&e" in&ernalseries resisr Rs' +)is &)e#re&ial alue an be #mare" &)ea&uall* measure" alue an" gie a )in& )e&)er &)ere arer#blems $#r eamle in &)e abling'

D"5"2 'ontinous measurement

+)is $un&i#n all#s &)e auma&iall* &ime measuremen& "rien$r#m PC'

%e& &)e "esire" &ime in&eral an" &)e &ime uni&


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+)e auma&i measuremen& ill s )en &)e gien number #$ree&i&i#ns are $inis)e" #r )en &)e PVPM "#es n#& anser'

D"5"H Settings

;ll )anges ma"e )ereill be sae" auma&iall*an" are ali" un&il &)e ne&)ange'

8'4''1 %ele& %erial P#r&

L#u an sele& &)e serial#r& = use" $#rPVPM #mmunia&i#ns $r#m &)e #mb# b#'

8'4''2 B#r!ing "irer*

+)e #r!ing "irer* is use" in $ile #en an" $ile sae "ial#gsan" $#r &)e auma&iall* saing #$ $iles' %ele& )ere &)e "irer*)i) #n&ains *#ur measure" "a&a #r )i) &)e measure" "a&as)#ul" be sae" ' +)e en&r* $iel" )as a bu&n a& i&s rig)& si"e'Press &)is bu&n "isla* a "irer* sele&i#n "ial#g'

8'4''. 7ial#g language

PVPM'"is su#r&s &)e "ial#g languages Englis) an" German'+)e language an be )ange" "uring r#gram eeu&i#n' Yus&sele& *#ur "esire" language $r#m &)e #mb#b# I"ial#glanguageJ' ;$&er *#u l#se &)e "ial#g b# &)e labels #$PVPM'"is ill be "isla*e" in &)e sele&e" language'PVPM'"is ill remember language se&&ing a& &)e ne& s&ar&'

Please n#&e &)a& &)e s&an"ar" an" s*s&em "ial#gs ill ala*s be"isla*e" in &)e language #$ &)e urren& in"#s ersi#nD

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page .?ptions

8'4''4 +emera&ure #rre&i#n

%#me&imes i& ma* be use$ul a"" a #rre&i#n $ar &)e

measure" &emera&ure alues' (n &)is ase *#u an en&er &)e$ar )ere' +)e $ar ill be a""e" &)e measure"&emera&ures> en&er a nega&ie alue i$ *#u an& "erease &)e&emera&ure' ($ &)e $ar is n#& @er# &)e "isla*e" &emera&uresill be "isla*e" li!e I'NC !#rr'J remember *#u &)a& &)isalue is n#& &)e measure" #ne'

D"5"D Girmware!Update

+)is $un&i#n is $#r serie ur#ses #nl* an" n#& "#umen&e")ere'

@/7 )ra+ics

;$&er l#a"ing &)e "a&a#$ a measuremen& *#uan "isla* &)e gra)b* sele&ing &)e &abIGra)isJ


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PVPM Users Manual Page .8Braphics

Cli!ing &)e ieing area i&) &)e rig)& m#use bu&n le&s a#u menu aear' +)e same $un&i#ns are aailable i$ *#u use

&)e bu&n bar #n #$ &)e gra)is regi#n' +)e $#ll#ing#&i#ns are aailable>

8'5'1'1 MPP "isla* #n/#$$


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PVPM Users Manual Page .Braphics

8'5'1' C#* lib#ar"


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PVPM Users Manual Page 40Cep )not yet impemented*

@/?


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PVPM Users Manual Page 41Cardware Information

Z2

7ura&i#n #$ single measuremen&> ab#u& 2 se#n"sP+o sensori&) in&egra&e" P&1000 sens#r measures irra"ianean" ell &emera&ure' F&)er #mmeriall* aailable sens#rs as e'g'(%E+-%ens#r an be #nne&e" using a reliable able #nne&i#n'Pin#u& #$ sens#r lugs>(rra"iane>. in $emale )assis s#!e& +* umberg V.0 %V.0=Pin 1 [ U,Pin 2 [ n#& use"

Pin . [ U-+emera&ur2>4 in $emale )assis s#!e& umberg V40 %V40=Pin 1 [ ,Curren& s#ure


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PVPM Users Manual Page 42Measuring Unit7

Ranges $#r urren& an" #l&age an be #mbine" in an* #r"er;n #&imal range is sele&e" b* &)e "eie auma&iall*'

/ Calculation Unit=

Pr#ess#r .86s-#ma&ibel ..MH@ mem#r* 2M?*&elas) "is! 0'M? Dimensions

Bi"&)> 48m )eig)&> 16m "e&)> .4m


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PVPM Users Manual Page 4.?peration 'onditions7

/? :eration Conditions=

+emera&ure> Humi"i&*Fera&i#n> 0NC 40NC 10 0


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PVPM Users Manual Page 44List of symbos

15 List of s#m.ols

;M ;ir-Mass rela&ie a* leng&) $#r &)e sunlig)& &)r#ug) &)e a&m#s)ere#$ &)e ear&)

+ +emera&ure #e$$iien& #$ &)e maimum #er

E (rra"iane

E0 1000 B/m2


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PVPM Users Manual Page 45&easons for decreased Power and >ied of PV Benerators

11 $easons for decreased Power and 9ield of PV

)eneratorsError To be detected by: Possible reason / workaround

System configuration choseninadequately

Measurement of mismatchlosses

Design fault /redesign

Erroneous match of stringsand inverter

Fed power too low for locationand in relation to nominalgenerator power

Design fault / redesign,replacement of inverters

Cast shadow I-V-curve shows !ulge" peakpowertoo low" optical chec#

$arrier near module %e&g& tree"chimney" !irds e'crements( /remove barrier

Diffuse shading%may !ehardly visi!le for !are eye)(

I-V-curve is impressed" peakpowertoo low

$arrier in some distance tomodule %high portion of diffuselight( /remove barrier

*orrosion at plugs and ca!les Serial internal resistance Rstoo high

Material" planning or mountingfault / *lean, replacement

Delamination of cellem!edding

see shading diffuse Material / production fault /Replacement

$u!!ling in resin see shading diffuse Material defect/ replacement bysupplier

+ransparent covering material%glass" plastics" resin(!ecomes !lind

,ptical chec#" peak powertoolow %s& a& shading diffuse(

Material defect/ replacement bysupplier

Discolouring of thetransparent cover material%plastics" resin(

,ptical chec#" peak powertoolow %s& a& shading diffuse(

Material defect/ replacement bysupplier

Intrusion of water into thelaminate" leads to otherpro!lems %corrosion"discolouring(

,ptical chec# Material or production fault/replacement by supplier

Faults in the crystallinestructure of single cells %hot-spot effect(

see shading diffuse roduction fault/ reduction ofprice, replacement by supplier

ollution of the module !ydust

,ptical chec#" see shadingdiffuse

.igh dust impact& *hec# modulesperiodically/ cleaning

Moss / algae on module"!irds e'crements

see cast shadow ormal for several regions/cleaning

$ro#en cover glass" leads to ,ptical chec# .ailstorm" mounting or

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 46&easons for decreased Power and >ied of PV Benerators

other pro!lems %corrosion"discolouring(

transportation fault/ replacementby supplier

$rea# of single cells inmodule

Peak powertoo low" possi!lydeformation of I-V-curve

material defective/ replacementby supplier

Improper electricalconnections in module

Peak powertoo low"internalseries resistance Rshigherthan calculated

Fault in soldering" materialdefective" corrosion/replacement by supplier

$ypass diode defective %shortcircuit(

Peak power ofstrings reduced!y module power

,verload" material defective/repair

$ypass diode mounted thewrong way

Peak powerof strings reduced!y module power

Mounting fault / repair

o !ypass diode mounted ordiode defective %highresistance(

Shading of one module reducespower of the string dramatically

lanning / mounting fault / repair

Dimension of ca!ling toosmall

Internal series resistance Rstoo high

Design fault /replacement ofcables

*a!le defective %e&g& !rea#"corrosion(



Insufficient mounting ofconnectors



*orrosion in screwed orplugged connectors


Mounting fault /cleaning, repair

Insufficient preselection ofmodules regarding pea#power

Peak powerof plant too low lanning or mounting fault %matchlosses( /New preselection of themodules after peak powermeasurement

Insufficient preselection ofsingle cells regarding powerduring module production

Peak powerof module too low roduction fault /reduction ofprice, replacement by supplier

Short circuit !etween cells inthe module

Peak powerof plant too low"open circuit voltage 0octoo low"shape of curve

roduction fault / replacement bysupplier

Fa!rication tolerances in cellproduction

Peak powertoo low" shape ofcurve

roduction fault / reduction ofprice"replacement by supplier

lease notice1 some faults may appear only under special operating states" e&g& high module temperatures&

+his compilation does not claim to !e complete or free of failures&

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 4Sampe 'urves

1 Samle Curves

("eale Eennlinie

Gemessene Eennlinie

PV-Engineering GmbH


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("eale Eennlinie

Gemessene Eennlinie

PV-Engineering GmbH


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("eale Eennlinie

Gemessene Eennlinie

("eale Eennlinie

Gemessene Eennlinie

PV-Engineering GmbH


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Gemessene Eennlinie

("eale Eennlinie

Gemessene Eennlinie

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 51Bossary

1" )lossar#

1"/1 A;imut+ 3F4 and elevation 3G4

#r &)e e$$e&ie use #$ s#lar ra"ia&i#n &)e m#"ules an"#llers are arrange" in a a* &)a& ma!es a re$erabl* larges#lar r# #ssible' (n &)is #nne&i#n &)e ae angle #$ &)e sunbu& als# &)e ]a@imu&)] an" &)e elea&i#n #$ &)e m#"ules an"#llers la* a er&ain ar&' +)e a@imu&) angle sei$*s i&))# man* "egrees &)e sur$ae #$ &)e m#"ules #r &)e #llers

"ierge $r#m &)e ea& a"us&men& &)e s#u&)' +)e elea&i#ner&ains &)e "eia&i#n $r#m &)e )#ri@#n&al' %&u"ies subs&an&ia&e&)a& s#lar lan&s i&) an a@imu&) #$ 0N an" an elea&i#n #$ ab#u&.0N are aligne" in &)e bes& #ssible a*' eer&)eless small"eia&i#ns are n#& imlii&l* r#blema&i> i&) &)e #rien&a&i#n s#u&)-eas& #r s#u&)-es& s&ill ar#un" 5 #$ &)e #ssible r#an be realise"' arger lan&s are en)ane &)e r#$i&re#rien&a&e" ar"s &)e sun b* ele&ri m#rs'


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PVPM Users Manual Page 52Sope of the roof

#r &)e #&imum use #$ s#lar ra"ia&i#n &)e sun ra*s s)#ul" $all #n&)e #llers in a rig)& angle' +)e #&imum elea&i#n an" angle

#$ se&&ing-u #rres#n" &)e ge#gra)ial la&i&u"e #$ al#a&i#n'


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PVPM Users Manual Page 5.(irect radiation9 diffuse radiation

1"/7 Direct radiationB diffuse radiation

7ire& ra"ia&i#n r#"uer' Generars "issia&e #&)er $#rms #$ energ* inurren&' (n s#lar &e)niAues #nl* &)e en&ire&* #$ &)ein&er#nne&e" )##l&ai m#"ules is )ara&erise" asgenerar #r as s#lar #er lan&'

1"/? )lo.alBtotal radiation

7en#&es &)e irra"ia&i#n #n &)e ear&) b* &)e sun &)a& )i&s a)#ri@#n&al sur$ae' (& is #m#se" #$ &)e "ire& irra"ia&i#n an" &)ere$le&e" irra"ia&i#n b* sn#$iel"s='

1"/@ S+ort-circuit current and solar cells

Curren& &)a& irula&es i$ &)e #si&ie an" &)e nega&ie #le #$ &)eell ge& #nne&e" &)a& means )en &)ere is n# resisr #r l#a"be&een &)e #les' (& is n#& "anger#us $#r &)e ell bu& a"is#nne&i#n mig)& ause a lig)& ar )i) is "anger#us $#r)eal&) an" enir#nmen&D

1"/ Mismatc+ing

+)e #nne&i#n #$ ea! an" be&&er m#"ules in a s&ring )ereb*&)e ea!er m#"ule in a r# a$$e&s &)e urren& an" &)a& a*imairs &)e &al #er'

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 54MPP

1"/15 MPP

7en#&es &)e #in& #$ maimum #er' ; s#lar ell )as in#nne&i#n #$ eer* magni&u"e #$ irra"ia&i#n a er&ainmagni&u"e #$ &emera&ure an" lig)& se&rum a #in& #$maimum #er #n i&s (-V-)ara&eris&i' +)e r#"u& #$ usableurren& an" #rres#n"ing urren& #$ a s#lar ell "#es n#& ala*s)ae &)e same alue'

1"/11 *racking

+)e m#"ule-sur$aes #$ ]&ra!ers] $#ll# &)e s&a&e #$ &)e sun"uring &)e #urse #$ &)e "a*' +)e &ra!ing an be arrie" #u& b*#ne #r ais )ereb* &)e r#"u&i#n #$ -ale &ra!ing ism#re e$$e&ie' C#mare" a ermanen& s#u&) #rien&a&e" lan&&)e annual *iel" inreases i&) ar#ima&el* .0' +#erm#un&e" &ra!e" an" elea&e" s#lar lan&s all#s &)e )#ie #$an #&imum #si&i#n' +)a& a* irrese&ie #$ s&ru&uralirums&anes a anning range $ree $r#m s)a"#s is ma"e

#ssible'

1"/1 Peak Power

+# guaran&ee &)e #marabili&* #$ #er #u&u& #$ PV-m#ules i&as generall* ae&e" &)a& &)e n#minal #er #$ a m#"ule ismeasure" i&) &)e b#un"ar* #n"i&i#ns &emera&ure #$ ell 25Nirra"ia&i#n 1000B/mO an" a se&rum #$ lig)& a#r"ing ;M[15

an" name" IPea! P#erJ


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PVPM Users Manual Page 55Pea$ Power

&)ese measuremen&s un"er a&ual enir#nmen&al #n"i&i#ns - &)emeasuring "eie #ner&s &)em in %+C' +)us a$&er us& #ne

)ara&eris&i line measuremen& &)e Pea! P#er P! &)ein&ernal series resis&ane Rs an" &)e arallel resis&ane R areaailable as #u&u&' +)is #u&u& is in #maris#n i&) &)esei$ie" alue an in"ia&i#n $#r "i$$eren& err#rs in &)e PV-Generar &)a& a* &)e* simli$* e$$iien* #n&r#l an" err#rsear)'

1"/1" Performance $atio

+)e IPer$#rmane Ra&i#J means in )##l&ai &)e ra&i# #$aailable r#$i& an" sei$ie" alue #$ a lan&' +)e Per$#rmaneRa&i# is &)e Au#&ien& #$ &)e *iel" #$ al&erna&ing urren& an"n#minal *iel" #$ generar 7C' (& in"ia&es )a& r##r&i#n #$ &)eurren& r#"ue" b* &)e generar is in real &erms aailable' PV-lan&s #$ )ig) aai&* rea) a Per$#rmane Ra&i# #$ m#re &)an0' +)e Per$#rmane Ra&i# is #$&en "en#mina&e" as Auali&*

$ar eer*sens#r )as g#& be alibra&e" seara&el*> &)e alibra&i#n alueis &)e #l&age "eliere" b* &)e sens#r )en i& is e#se" &)e%&an"ar"-+es&-C#n"i&i#ns


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PVPM Users Manual Page 56Interna series resistance

1"/17 !nternal series resistance

+)is resis&ane resul&s )*siall* $r#m &)e ma&erial being use"$#r &)e r#"u&i#n #$ &)e m#"ule as ell as $r#m i&s able#nne&i#n-i& )as usuall* a #ns&an& alue' (& am#un&s inr*s&alline m#"ules ar#un" 1#)m in &)in-$ilm m#"ule m#re &)an2 #)m'

+)e measuremen& #$ &)e in&ernal series resis&ane is la&&erl*#ssible i&) &)e measuring "eie #$ &)e PVPM series' #r &)a&ur#se us& #ne (-V-ure #$ &)e m#"ule )as be measure"'

Bi&) &)is ure &)e "eie alula&es &)e Rs as ell as &)e P!an" &)e arallel resis&ane R auma&iall*'

+)e &)e#re&iall* alue be "ue #$ &)e in&ernal series resis&aneRs an be alula&e"' +)e alula&i#n an be arrie" #u& i&) &)es#$&are PVPM>"is i$ &)e %+C-)ara&eris&is U# (s UMan" (M #$ &)e m#"ule are !n#n'

+)e alula&es Rs an be #mare" &)e measure" alue

)i) &)e PVPM-measuring "eie )an"s #u& a$&er &)e)ara&eris&i ure measuremen&' ($ &)e measure" alue is #)ig) &)e iring )as be )e!e" $#r burs& #rr#si#n#nne&i#n err#rs #r r#ng "imensi#ns'

1"/1> Solar Constant

7en#&es &)e s#lar ra"ia&i#n &)a& )i&s er&iall* #n a sur$ae#u&si"e &)e a&m#s)ere' s[1. !B/mO' Fu&er sae &)e s#larra"ia&i#n is alm#s& #ns&an&^ #n ear&) i& $lu&ua&es in &)e #urse #$"a*&ime #r &ime #$ &)e *ear an" aries "een"ing #n la&i&u"e an"ea&)er' +)e maimum alue #n ear&) lies be&een 08 an" 10!B/mO' (n annual means &)e irra"ia&i#n in German* am#un&sa#r"ing regi#n be&een 50 an" 1100 !B)/mO'

PV-Engineering GmbH


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PVPM Users Manual Page 5Soar irradiation 9 insoation

1"/1? Solar irradiation B insolation

+)e s#lar irra"ia&i#n is u& ge&)er b* &)e ra"ia&i#n )i) is"ire&l* $r#m &)e sun an" "iers in"ire& r##r&i#ns' +)#se are&)e b* &)e enir#nmen& re$le&e" ra"ia&i#n e'g' sn#$iel"s re$le&eseiall* in&ensie &)e ra"ia&i#n #$ &)e blue s!* an" #&)er"i$$use ra"ia&i#n' #r &)e ea& alula&i#n #$ &)e energ* &)a& )i&sa sur$ae &)e angle be&een sunra*s an" sur$ae is "eisie' (&)anges a#r"ing &ime i$ *ear an" &ime #$ &)e "a*'(n$#rma&i#ns ab#u& &)e ea& alula&i#n #$$ers &)e bel#-men&i#ne" in&erne& a""ress' +)e ra"ia&i#n is "elimi&e" b* seeral$ars^ een i$ &)e s!* is beaming blue #nl* ar#un" 0 #$ &)e&al s#lar energ* arries #n ear&)'

1"/1@ Current-Voltage-C+aracteristic

+)e Curren&-V#l&age-C)ara&eris&i #$ a PV-Generar s)#s "i$$eren&

Auali&ies an" r#blems #$&)e generar an" is &)ebasis #$ a $e subs&an&ialsei$i alues'

#r eamle ar&iall* #r)ar" s)a"ing ill m#"i$*&)e )ara&eris&i as ell as )ig) in&ernal series resis&ane an""e$e&ie #r missing b*ass "i#"es'

?esi"es s)#r& irui& urren& (s an" #en irui& #l&age V##l&age an" urren& a& &)e maimum #er #in&


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PVPM Users Manual Page 58Appendi1 A

16 Aendi A

16/1 Disla# lams in t+e anel=

Mar! un&i#n

C)arge ig)&s u )en au is )arge"

%&a&e #$ C)arge ig)&s u re" )en au is "is)arge"


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PVPM Users Manual Page 5E' (ecarations of 'onformity

17EC Declarations of Conformity

E)-0onformitItserklIrungim %inne "er EG-Ri)&linien

EC Declaration of Conformityas defined by the E'(irectives

EMV/EM'8/..6/EBG ge`n"er& "ur)/)ange" b* ./.1/EBG

ie"ersannung/Low Votage./2./EBG

7er Hers&eller /The manufacturer

PV Engineering GmbHReini!en"#r$er %&r' 258642 (serl#)n 7eu&s)lan"9Bermany

er!l`r& )iermi& "ass $#lgen"e Pr#"u!&e / certifies that the products

Pr#"u!&> (-U-ennlinienmessger`&Product7 I!V!'urve tracer

+*> PVPM2540CType>

%eriennummer> PVPM2540C0040.Seria

"en ?es&immungen "er


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E)-0onformitItserklIrungim %inne "er EG-Ri)&linien

EC Declaration of Conformityas defined by the E'(irectives







+*> PVPM6020CType>




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E)-0onformitItserklIrungim %inne "er EG-Ri)&linienEC Declaration of Conformityas defined by the E'(irectives







+*> PVPM1000CType>




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E)-0onformitItserklIrungim %inne "er EG-Ri)&linienEC Declaration of Conformityas defined by the E'(irectives







+*> PVPM1000C40Type>

%eriennummer> PVPM1040C0.004Seria


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