Manual lae iv feb ago 2009

LENGUA ADICIONAL AL ESPAÑOL IV

FORTH SEMESTER

FIRST PERIODFEB – AGO 2010

NAME___________________________________

GROUP___________________________________

Compiled by Cristina Muñoz

Lengua Adicional al Español IV

1

PROGRAM

SEMANA DIAGNOSTICAREVIEW OF TENSES(present progressive, simple present, past progressive, simple past, present perfect, future with “be going to” and “will”).

FIRST PERIOD

UNIT 1: 1.1 Tag Questions(simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive, future “will and going to”, present perfect).

UNIT 2:

2.1 Passive voice (simple present/present progressive/simple past/past progressive)2.2 Used to 2.2.1 Still 2.2.2 Anymore

Evaluation

Exam 40%Students Manual 20%Class work 20%Expositions 20%

____________ 100%


SECOND PERIOD

UNIT III:

3.1 Reported Speech (say)3.2 Reported Speech (tell)

2

3.3 Reported Speech (ask)

UNIT IV:

4.1 Infinitives and gerunds4.2 Second Conditional: If + simple past / modal + verb in simple form (+, -, ?)

EVALUATION

Exam 40%Students Manual 20%Class work 20%Expositions 20%

____________ 100%


CONTENT

Irregular verbs chart.……………………………………………………………………………4, 5

Regular verbs chart……………………………………………………………………………………6

Review of tenses……………………………………………………………………………… 7, 8, 9

3

Tag questions…………………………………………………………………………………10, 11, 12

Passive voice in simple present………………………………………………………13, 14

Passive voice in present progressive……………………………………………………15

Passive voice in simple past………………………………………………………………16, 17

Passive voice in past progressive…………………………………………………………18

Used to…………………………………………………………………………………………………20, 21

Still & Anymore………………………..………………………………………………………………22

Reported Speech (say)…………………………………………………………………….24, 25

Reported Speech (ask)……………………………………………………………………………26

Reported Speech (tell)……………………………………………………………………………27

Review of reported speech (say/ask/tell)............................................28

Infinitives and gerunds……………………………………………………………………

Second Conditional……………………………………………………………………………30, 31


4

IRREGULAR VERBS

INFINITIVE VERBS

GERUNDS VERBS “ING”

VERBS IN PAST VERBS IN PAST PARTICIPLE

ar, er, ir ando, iendo

am, is, are (present) was, were (past)

did

ado, ido, to, so,

have/has

To come Coming Came ComeTo do Doing Did DoneTo buy Buying Bought BoughtTo catch Catching Caught CaughtTo drink Drinking Drank DrunkTo drive Driving Drove DrivenTo eat Eating Ate EatenTo feel Feeling Felt FeltTo find Finding Found FoundTo give Giving Gave Given To have Having Had HadTo know Knowing Knew KnownTo pay Paying Paid PaidTo read Reading Read ReadTo ride Riding Rode RiddenTo run Running Ran RunTo write Writing Wrote WrittenTo say Saying Said SaidTo see Seeing Saw SeenTo sell Selling Sold SoldTo send Sending Sent Sent To sit Sitting Sat SatTo sing Singing Sang SungTo sleep Sleeping Slept SleptTo speak Speaking Spoke SpokenTo swim Swimming Swam SwumTo take Taking Took TakenTo tell Telling Told ToldTo think thinking Thought Thought Lengua Adicional al Español IV

IRREGULAR VERBS

INFINITIVE VERBS



5



did

ado, ido, to, so,

have/has

To win Winning Won WonTo wake up Waking up Woke up Woke upTo wear Wearing Wore WornTo stand Standing Stood StoodTo hit Hitting Hit HitTo cut Cutting Cut Cut


REGULAR VERBS

INFINITIVE VERBS





did

ado, ido, to, so,

have/has

To fix Fixing fixed fixed

6

To like ----------------- Liked LikedTo listen to Listening to Listened to Listened toTo pull Pulling Pulled PulledTo call Calling Called CalledTo study Studying Studied StudiedTo complain Complaining Complained ComplainedTo deliver Delivering Delivered DeliveredTo vote Voting Voted VotedTo translate Translating Translated TranslatedTo answer Answering Answered AnsweredTo correct Correcting Corrected CorrectedTo enjoy Enjoying Enjoyed EnjoyedTo mix Mixing Mixed MixedTo dance Dancing Danced DancedTo watch Watching Watched WatchedTo wash Washing Washed WashedTo push Pushing Pushed PushedTo play Playing Played PlayedTo clean Cleaning Cleaned CleanedTo walk Walking Walked WalkedTo look Looking Looked LookedTo work working Worked Worked


TAG QUESTIONSTAG QUESTIONS or ATTACHED QUESTIONS are those that we use after a sentence, to confirm or verify some information that we know. We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?"

For example:Simple Present: You climb a mountain, don’t you?

She climbs a mountain, doesn’t she?

Present Progressive: You are climbing a mountain, aren’t you?She is climbing a mountain, isn’t she?

Simple Past: You climbed a mountain, didn’t you?She climbed a mountain, didn’t she?

7

Past Progressive: You were climbing a mountain, weren’t you?She was climbing a mountain, wasn’t she?

Future “going to”: You are going to climb a mountain, aren’t you?

She is going to climb a mountain, isn’t she?

Future “will”: You will climb a mountain, won’t you?She will climb a mountain, won’t she?

Present Perfect: You have climbed a mountain, haven’t you?She has climbed a mountain, hasn’t she?

When using tag questions, watch for 4 points:

What tense is the verb? What kind of verb is it? (to be/other verbs) Is the sentence affirmative or negative? Does the pronoun need to be changed?


TAQ QUESTIONS

1. Choose the correct Question tag:a) She's definitely not coming,b) It will hurt,c) It happened yesterday,d) It drives you mad, e) They're selling their house,

2. Select the correct Question tag:a)She is collecting stickers,b) We often watch TV in the afternoon,c) You have cleaned your bike,d) John and Max like Math,e) Peter played handball yesterday,f) They are going home from school,g) Mary did her homework last Monday,h) He bought a new car,i) Kevin will come tonight,j) I'm clever,

3. Complete the sentences with the Question tag:a) You are John,

8

b) He recognize me right away,c) Cars pollute the environment,d) He is going to tell her,e) Carol can study French,f) Mr. McGuineess is from Ireland,g) The car is in the garage,h) She went to the library yesterday,a) Mr. Pritchard has been to Scotland recently,b) The trip is very expensive,d) Hugh had a red car,e) The Mount Rushmore National Memorial Park is in keystone,f) The rock was a sacred Indian site once,g) It has been a national memorial since 1925m Lengua Adicional al Español IV

TAQ QUESTIONS

4. Now choose the correct option to make a question tag

a) Murat gets up late, b) Let's have a drink,c) Your car is not cheap, d) Lisa has lost her ID,

e) You couldn't help me, f) We are friends,g) You weren't at the party last night, h) There is a museum in this city,

i) You have never been to Peking,j) You must give up smoking, k) I didn't do anything wrong, l) No one can help you,n) They helped us a lot,

o) Don't do it, p) Get out of my sight, q) Dave is your cousin, h) The monument doesn’t show the bust of President Clinton,i) George Washington was the first President of the United States,

9


EXPOSITIONTEAM OF 4: INVENT A STORY INCLUDING 4 CHARACTERS AND USE TAG QUESTIONS. TRY TO USE ALMOST ALL TENSES.EXAMPLE:

10


A. Choose the correct tag questions to finish the sentence.

1. Teresa has been an accountant for many years, _____________?a) aren´t she? b) doesn´t she? c) hasn´t she? d) haven´t she?

2. Aurora dances salsa every day, ________________?a) wont´she? b) don´t she? c) doesn´t she? d) aren´t she?

11

3. Peirre and Giovanni were living in Greece, _____________?a) isn´t he? b) wasn´t he? c) weren’t he? d) aren´t he?

4. Kate and Kim have traveled around the world, __________________?a) haven´t they? b) hasn´t they? c) doesn´t they? d) aren´t they?

5. Jackie and Alicia cooked spaghetti last Friday night, _______?a) won´t they? b) didn´t they? c) did´t she? d) won´t she?

6. Mario was reading a novel last night, ___________?a) isn´t she? b) wasn´t she? c) wasn´t he? d) isn´t he?

7. Pablo will win the next competition, ________________________?a) won´t I? b) will I? c) won´t he? d) won´t he?

8. You and I are busy right now, _________?a) aren´t I? b) aren´t we? c) aren´t they? d) aren´t you?

9. It is windy today, __________________?a) isn´t I? b) are it? c) is it? d) aren´t it?

10. My cousins are doing exercise, _____?a) aren´t they? b) isn’t he? c) aren´t you? d)aren´t we?


B. Complete the following sentences.

1. He is David Beckman, _____________________? 2. They will win the competition, ______________ ?3. She plays tennis, ________________________?4. She was dancing rap, _____________________?5. We passed the exam, _____________________?6. They are going to play chess, _______________?

C. Underline the verb or the auxiliary. Then write the correct tag questions.

1. Sheila flew to Mexico, _____________________?

12

2. He is kind of old, _____________________?

3. The bus stops at this corner, _____________________?

4. She goes shopping every day, _____________________?

5. George has eaten a lot of tacos, _____________________?

6. Sue worked yesterday, _____________________?

7. Johnny is a good student, _____________________?

8. You always buy nice clothes, _____________________?

9. Lucas will speak English well, _____________________?

10. My friends have done the homework, _____________________?

11. The students study very hard, _____________________?

12. They are American,_____________________?


D. Read the dialogue between Carla and Liz and complete the sentences.

YOU KNOW THAT, DON`T YOU?

Carla: I know everything there is to know about VIN diesel.Liz: Oh yeah-you’re his biggest fan, ________________?Carla: true, but I’m sure you like him too. You saw “The Pacifier”,

_______________?Liz: No, I didn’t, but he’s o.k. He is kind of old, though,___________?Carla: He was born in 1967. You know about his childhood, __________? Liz: No… Carla: He never knew his biological father. That’s hard,____________?

He lived with his mother an astrologer, and his adoptive father in a poor section of New York City. He didn’t do well in school, but He’s made a life for himself, _____________________?Liz: Yes, Carla. You’ve fallen in love with Vin, _________________?

13

Carla: that’s true, but you can understand why, can’t you? Just look at that wonderful man.


* When the first sentence is negative, the tag questions use an affirmative auxiliary.For example:Simple Present: You don’t play soccer, do you?

She doesn’t speak English, does she?

Present Progressive: You aren’t playing soccer, are you?She isn’t playing soccer, is she?

Simple Past: You didn’t play soccer, did you?She didn’t play soccer, did she?

Past Progressive: You weren’t playing soccer, were you?She wasn’t playing soccer, was she?

Future “going to”: You’re not going to play soccer, are you?

She’s not going to play soccer, is she?

Future “will”: You won’t play soccer, will you?She won’t play soccer, will she?

Present Perfect: You haven’t played soccer, have you?She hasn’t played soccer, has she?

14

A. Add the correct tag question to the following sentences.

1. She doesn’t speak English well, _________________?2. He didn’t go to Hawaii, _______________________?3. They haven’t visited in New York, __________________?4. We won’t win the contest, ____________________?5. She wasn’t doing her homework, ________________?6. She’s not going to wash the dishes, _________________?7. They don’t like to study Math, _____________________?8. He won’t be here at 4pm, _________________________?9. He’s not going to the party tonight, __________________?10. Tina didn’t go to school yesterday, __________________? Lengua Adicional al Español IV

PASSIVE VOICE

* We form the Passive voice of Present and past tense sentences with the appropriate form of TO BE and the past participle of the main verb.

ACTIVE PASSIVESimple present:

Mary writes a letter. A letter is written by Mary.

Present Progressive:Mary is writing a letter. A letter is being written by Mary.

Simple Past:Mary wrote a letter. A letter was written by Mary.

Past progressive:Mary was writing a letter. A letter was being written by Mary.

In Passive voice, the subject is not the person who does the action. The subject is the object of the action.Active Lorena sings a romantic song.

Passive A romantic song is sung by Lorena.

A. Complete the chart. Tense Subject Verb ObjectSimple Active The boy plays baseballPresent Passive

15

Present Active John is buying watermelonProgressive

Passive

Simple Active Emiliano painted a housePast PassivePast Active Victor was driving a new carProgressive

Passive


PASSIVE VOICE IN SIMPLE PRESENT

B. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.1. He opens the door__________________________________________________________

2. We set the table__________________________________________________________

3. She pays a lot of money.__________________________________________________________

4. I draw a picture.__________________________________________________________

5. They wear blue shoes.__________________________________________________________

C. Change the verb in parentheses to past participle. Then rewrite them using the passive voice.

1. They (built) a house. ______________________________________________________________________________

2. Our uncle (takes care of) Susan. ______________________________________________________________________________

3. She (speaks) two languages. ______________________________________________________________________________

4. My mother (sends) me to the butcher. ____________________ __________________________________________________________

5. The policemen (help) the children. ____________________

16

__________________________________________________________


D. Rewrite the sentences using Passive voice.

1. The doctors cure sick people.__________________________________________________________

2. The secretary types many letters.__________________________________________________________

3. Students study different subjects.__________________________________________________________

4. An architect designs buildings__________________________________________________________

5. A bus driver drives a bus.__________________________________________________________

E. Change from active to passive.

1. My sister washes the dishes every day.__________________________________________________________

2. My best friend jumps high walls __________________________________________________________

3. My brother flies different kinds of airplanes.__________________________________________________________

4. My son watches cartoons all the time.__________________________________________________________

5. My brother rides wild horses.__________________________________________________________


F. Write passive sentences in Simple Present.

1. The documents / print__________________________________________________________

17

2. The window / open__________________________________________________________3. The shoes / buy__________________________________________________________4. The car / wash__________________________________________________________5. The litter / throw away__________________________________________________________6. The letter / send__________________________________________________________7. The book / read / not__________________________________________________________8. The songs / sing / not__________________________________________________________9. The food / eat / not__________________________________________________________10. The shop / close / not__________________________________________________________

G. Complete the sentences (active or passive voice). Use simple present.

1. He (sell) ______________________________________________ cars.2. The blue car (sell) __________________________________________.3. In summer, more ice-cream (eat) ____________________ than in winter.4. She (call) _________________________ her grandparents every Friday.5. The letters (type) __________________________________________.6. He (take) _______________________________ his medicine every day.7. Jane (take/not) __________________________ to school by her father.8. We (go) _____________________________________ to school by bus.9. She (work/not) ____________________________________ for a bank.10. Milk (keep) ________________________________ in the refrigerator.


PASSIVE VOICE IN PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

* We form the Passive voice of Present Progressive tense sentences with the appropriate form of TO BE, BEING and the PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb.Example:ACTIVE Lucy is helping John

PASSIVE John is being helped by Lucy.

18

A. Complete the chart.

Tense Subject Verb ObjectPresent Active The boys are playing basketballProgressive

Passive

Present Active Jim is eating tacosProgressive

Passive

Present Active Elsa is painting a houseProgressive

Passive

Present Active Luz & Paul are washing carsProgressive

Passive

B. Change the following sentences using passive voice.

1. The teacher is preparing the final exam.__________________________________________________________

2. My friends are watching a good movie.__________________________________________________________

3. The secretary is answering the phone.__________________________________________________________

4. The construction workers are building that skyscraper.__________________________________________________________ Lengua Adicional al Español IV

5. The messengers are delivering a lot of boxes.__________________________________________________________6. The Government is fixing the Streets.__________________________________________________________7. Peter is decorating a new house.__________________________________________________________8. Peter is preparing lunch.__________________________________________________________9. Charley is biting his new pencil. __________________________________________________________10. Paty is listening to a romantic song.__________________________________________________________11. Nacho is eating a lot of hamburgers. __________________________________________________________

19

C. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.1. Sheila is drinking a cup of tea__________________________________________________________2. My father is washing the car__________________________________________________________3. Farmer Joe is milking the cows__________________________________________________________4. She is taking a picture of him__________________________________________________________5. I am writing a poem__________________________________________________________6. We are not playing soccer__________________________________________________________7. She is preparing the party.__________________________________________________________8. They are talking about the meeting.__________________________________________________________9. She is watering the flowers.__________________________________________________________10. He is not wearing a tie.__________________________________________________________ Lengua Adicional al Español IV

PASSIVE VOICE IN SIMPLE PAST

* We form the Passive voice of Simple Past tense sentences with the appropriate form of TO BE, and the PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb.Example:ACTIVE Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

PASSIVE The telephone was invented by Graham Bell.


Tense Subject Verb ObjectPresent Active The boys played basketballProgressive

Passive

Present Active Jim ate 10 tacosProgressive

Passive

20

Present Active Elsa painted a houseProgressive

Passive

Present Active Luz & Paul washed a carProgressive

Passive

B. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. Julia rescued three cats.__________________________________________________________2. The students handed in the reports.__________________________________________________________3. Maria crashed the blue car.__________________________________________________________4. Alex learned the poem.__________________________________________________________5. A robber broke the window of the shop.__________________________________________________________


C. Change the following sentences from active to passive.

1. Julian pushed the big box.__________________________________________________________

2. Lucas and Peter composed a romantic song.__________________________________________________________

3. Kelly carried a heavy bag pack.__________________________________________________________

4. Mario and Maria climbed Mountain Everest.__________________________________________________________

5. My cousin stole two cell phones.__________________________________________________________

6. Fire destroyed that house.__________________________________________________________

7. The audience enjoyed the concert.__________________________________________________________

21

8. Paul delivered that pizza.__________________________________________________________

9. The police captured the thief.__________________________________________________________

10. The little boy ate the cake.__________________________________________________________

11. Lorenzo sent a love letter to Lillian.__________________________________________________________


D. Complete the following sentences using the verbs in parenthesis in past participle and adapt them as necessary using the passive voice.

1. Dogs and cats _____ ____________ thousands of years ago. (cultivate)

exist2. Tula _____ ____________into Mexico by Hernan Cortes. (introduce)

3. Mexico _____ ____________ by the Toltecas. (build)

4. Mexico _____ ____________ by the British. (conquer)

5. The Insurgentes theater _____ ____________ by Diego Rivera. (exhibit)

E. Complete the following sentences using a name from Box I and a verb form box 2. Adapt the verbs as necessary.

1. The telephone _____ ____________ by __________.

2. “Yesterday” and “Imagine” _____ ____________ by __________.

3. America _____ ____________ by Christopher Columbus.

4. The electric bulb and the phonograph ________ ________________ by __________.

5. Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck _____ ____________ by __________.

22

6. The Mona Lisa _____ ____________ by __________.

7. Paper _____ ____________ by __________.


PASSIVE VOICE IN PAST PROGRESSIVE

* We form the Passive voice of Past Progressive tense sentences with the appropriate form of TO BE, BEING and the PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb.Example:ACTIVE Lucy was helping John

PASSIVE John was being helped by Lucy.


Tense Subejct Verb ObjectPresent Active My friends were cleaning the schoolProgressive

Passive

Present Active Jacobo was doing exercisesProgressive

Passive

Present Active Paul was building a houseProgressive

Passive

Present Active Luz & Paul were fixing a carProgressive

Passive

B. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. They were eating dinner.__________________________________________________________2. I was repairing their bikes.__________________________________________________________3. She was watching a horror film.

23

__________________________________________________________4. He was playing the guitar.__________________________________________________________5. We were talking about Francis.__________________________________________________________


C. Change the following sentences using passive voice.

1. Lola was cleaning the garden.__________________________________________________________

2. Becky was buying watermelons.__________________________________________________________

3. My mother was explaining the lesson.__________________________________________________________

4. Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon.__________________________________________________________

5. My mother was sweeping the floor.__________________________________________________________

6. Tom was opening the door.__________________________________________________________

7. My students were studying passive voice.__________________________________________________________

8. Jennifer was returning two books.__________________________________________________________

9. Translators were translating the speech.__________________________________________________________

10. Steve was riding a beautiful horse.__________________________________________________________

11. Lorena was sewing a button.__________________________________________________________


24

REVIEW OF PASSIVE VOICESimple Present/Present Progressive/Simple Past/Past

Progressive

A. Change the active to passive if it is possible. Some verbs cannot be changed.

1. The police captured a thief.__________________________________________________________

2. North Americans play baseball.__________________________________________________________

3. Jackie scored a perfect goal.__________________________________________________________

4. We are sending two faxes.__________________________________________________________

5. My dog died.__________________________________________________________

6. Tommy broke the cup.__________________________________________________________

7. Julia is watering the plants.__________________________________________________________

8. A strange thing happened yesterday.__________________________________________________________

9. It rained hard yesterday.__________________________________________________________

10. That man sells tacos.__________________________________________________________


11. The assistant manager interviewed me.__________________________________________________________

12. The glass fell to the floor.__________________________________________________________

25

13. They were organizing a big parade.__________________________________________________________

14. Mr. Jones created that problem.__________________________________________________________

15. Mr. Smith teaches history.__________________________________________________________

EXPOSITION:TEAM OF 4: CREATE A COLLAGE USING PASSIVE (ALL TENSES).INCLUDE PICTURES, IMAGES, ETC.EXAMPLE:


USED TO

* We use “USED TO” to express habitual activities in the past.

Affirmative & + used to + verb in simple formNegative & + didn’t use to+ verb in simple formInterrogative Did + & + use to + verb in simple form?

26

Examples: I used to play with Barbies.I didn’t use to go to disco bars.Did you use to go to the movies?


AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVEEd didn’t use to watch Barney

Did Lily use to jump rope?

Lola used to singThey didn’t use to fish

Did you use to draw?We used to play soccer

B. Write about the things you used to do when you were in Kindergarten.

1. When I was in kindergarten, I used to ___________________________.2. When I was in kindergarten, I didn’t use to _______________________.

C. In the following situations, write two habitual activities.

1. When you were a baby, _______________________________________.2. When you didn’t study English, _________________________________.3. When you were a child,_______________________________________. Lengua Adicional al Español IV

D. Now write some memories of you past using USED TO DO and DIDN’T USE TO DO. Use the heading below.

Family life:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

School:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

27

Holidays:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Clothes:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Appearance:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Friends:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Free time:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


STILL / AYMORE

* We use STILL to talk about an activity that you continue doing in the present.

Example:When I was in High School, I used to go to discos with my friends, and now, I still go to discos with my friends.

* We use ANYMORE as the opposite of still, to talk about an activity that is discontinued in the present.

Example:I used to smoke ten years ago, but now, I don’t smoke anymore.

A. Complete the sentences using used to, still or anymore.

1. Mary ____________________________ study Italian, but now, she studies English. She doesn’t study Italian _______________________.

28

2. When Peter was working in the post office, he _____________________ use the computer occasionally, but he didn’t use it all the time.

3. When I was younger, I _____________________ get nervous in front of people. Now it’s different because I don’t get nervous _________________.

4. John _____________ play sports in the morning and study in the evenings when he was a teenager. Now he ____________________ plays sports in the mornings but he can’t study in the evening ____________________.


B. Answer the following questions.

1. What did you use to do as a child that you still do in the present?__________________________________________________________

2. What didn’t you use to do last years that you do this year?__________________________________________________________

3. What did you use to eat that you don’t eat anymore?__________________________________________________________

4. What song did you use to sing that you still sing? __________________________________________________________

5. What movie did you use to watch that you don’__________________________________________________________

EXPOSITION:TEAM OF 4:EACH STUDENT WILL INCLUDE TWO THINGS HE/SHE USED TO DO AND STILL DO AND TWO THINS HE/SHE USED TO DO AND DON’T DO ANYMORE.CREATE A CHART AND INCLUDE PICTURES, IMAGES, ETC.EXAMPLES:

29

I USED TO PLAY VOLLEYBAL BUT NOW I DON’T PLAY VOLLEYBALL ANYMORE.

LENGUA ADICIONAL AL ESPAÑOL IV

FORTH SEMESTER30

http://images.google.com.mx/imgres?imgurl=http://es.toonpool.com/user/1350/files/volleyball_682865.jpg&imgrefurl=http://es.toonpool.com/cartoons/Volleyball_68286&usg=__FOhkwFDcmNGXB9PMkSCEbqguTUk=&h=393&w=500&sz=62&hl=es&start=9&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=HsHvd8wD4B3cqM:&tbnh=102&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DVOLLEYBAL%2BCARTOON%2BIMAGES%26hl%3Des%26um%3D1

SECOND PERIODFEB – AGO 2010


REPORTED SPEECH (SAY)You use Reported Speech to report something that a person said. Here are the verbs changes.Simple Present:Lucia: I work Reporter: She said that she worked

Present Progressive:Lucia: I am working Reporter: She said that she was working

Future “will”:Lucia: I will work Reporter: She said that she would work

Future “be going to”Lucia: I am going to work Reporter: She said that she was going to work

A. Change to reported speech. (present progressive)

1. Angie: I’m selling the car.__________________________________________________________2. Anie: I’m doing my homework__________________________________________________________3. Memo: I’m painting my bike__________________________________________________________4. Pepe: I’m watching TV__________________________________________________________

B. Change to reported speech. (Simple present) 1. Lucas: I always drink coffee__________________________________________________________2. Mary: I love chocolate__________________________________________________________3. Pily: I have to do my laundry

31

__________________________________________________________4.Jenny: I study every day


C. Change to reported speech. (future “will”) 1. Mario: I will eat steak for dinner.__________________________________________________________2. Elena: I will buy a new car.__________________________________________________________3. Carlo: I’ll send you all the papers__________________________________________________________4. Luis: I will teach you how to play.__________________________________________________________

D. Change to reported speech. (future “going to”)1. Lino: I’m going to go to Long Island__________________________________________________________2. Jack: I’m going to meet a girl__________________________________________________________3. Kelly: I’m going to prepare Lasagna__________________________________________________________4. Sue: I’m going to write a love poem__________________________________________________________

E. Change the sentences. 1. He: she is very fashion__________________________________________________________2. She: I am going to buy a house__________________________________________________________3. They: He is practicing __________________________________________________________4. He: Brad Pitt is the sexiest man in Hollywood__________________________________________________________5. She: I will learn how to cook__________________________________________________________6. They: We are dancing rap__________________________________________________________7. He: She speaks two languages__________________________________________________________8. She: Maria is living in CSL. Lengua Adicional al Español IV

REPORTED SPEECH (ASK)

32

Present Progressive:Lucia: Am I working? Reporter: She asked me if she was working

Simple Present:Lucia: Do I work? Reporter: She asked me if she worked

Future “will”:Lucia: Will you work? Reporter: She asked me if she would work

Future “be going to”Lucia: Am I going to work? Reporter: She asked me if she was going

to work

A. Change from active to passive.1. Mr. Smith: Are you a student?__________________________________________________________2. Ms. Washington: What is your name?__________________________________________________________3. Kevin: What are you doing now?__________________________________________________________4. David: Do you need a pen?__________________________________________________________

B. Change to reported speech.

1. Kurt: Are you hungry?__________________________________________________________2. Ralph: What do you do every day?__________________________________________________________3. Chad: Do you have a car?__________________________________________________________4. Sophia: What are you talking about?


REPORTED SPEECH (TELL)You can also report orders or commands.

33

Lucia: clean the kitchen Reporter: She told me to clean the kitchenPeter: do your homework Reporter: he told me to do my homework

Fabi: don’t eat in class Reporter: she told me not to eat in classIvan: don’t drink alcohol Reporter: he told me not to drink alcohol

A. Change from active to passive.

1. Teacher: “Stand up, please, Maurice”__________________________________________________________2. Mr. Brown: “Don’t speak now, Melissa”__________________________________________________________3. Kevin: show me your ticket__________________________________________________________4. Bobby: open the book__________________________________________________________

B. Change to reported speech.

1. Rob: answer the questions__________________________________________________________2. Laura: go to school, now__________________________________________________________3. Kathy: do your job__________________________________________________________4.Steve: pick me up at 7 o’clock


REVIEW OF REPORTED SPEECH(SAY/TELL/ASK)

A. Change the following sentences.1. He: “I will be here at noon:” __________________________________________________________2. She: “The train will probably arrive on time”__________________________________________________________

34

3. They: Are you Russian?__________________________________________________________4. He: don’t call me__________________________________________________________5. He: pay attention in class__________________________________________________________6. She: I want a sandwich__________________________________________________________7. He: I’m going to move to Ohio.__________________________________________________________8. They: Do you play tennis?__________________________________________________________9. He: don’t smoke__________________________________________________________10. She: I will come to the meeting.__________________________________________________________11. She: Do you have a car?__________________________________________________________12. He: Are you watching the news? __________________________________________________________13. He: eat all the vegetables__________________________________________________________14. They: I am washing the dishes __________________________________________________________15. They: Please sit down for a few minutes.__________________________________________________________16. She: don’t copy__________________________________________________________ Lengua Adicional al Español IV

PROJECT / REPORTED SPEECH

Take your video camera and get ready for your next issue.In trios you will create 8 conversations where you ask and answer, and that information will be reported.You have to include all forms; say, tell, and ask in all tenses; simple present, present progressive, future “will” and “going to”. Try to be creative, and don’t forget to speak clearly.Your work must be turned in, in a CD.

35

Are you going to the meeting?

Finish the report as soon as possible

Yes, I am going to the meeting.

REPORTE SPEECH

Steve asked Amanda if she was going to the meeting.Amanda said that she was going to the meeting.Robert said that he had to go. Kelly told Robert to finish the report as soon as possible.Jason told Robert and Kelly not to argue in the office. Lengua Adicional al Español IV

INFINITIVES & GERUNDSHere is a brief review of the differences between gerunds and infinitives.

Gerunds are formed with

ING:

walking, talking, thinking, listening

Infinitives are formed

with TO:

to walk, to talk, to think, to listen

Gerunds and infinitives can do several jobs:

Both gerunds and infinitives can be the subject of a sentence::

Writing in English is difficult.To write in English is difficult.

36

STEVE AMANDA

JASONKELLY ROBERT

Don’t argue in the office

Kelly, I have to go

Both gerunds and infinitives can be the object of a verb:

I like writing in English.I like to write in English.

But...

Only gerunds can be the object of a preposition::We are talking about writing in English.


INFINITIVES & GERUNDS

It is often difficult to know when to use a gerund and when to use an infinitive. These guidelines may help you:

Gerunds are often used when actions are real, concrete or completed::

I stopped smoking.(The smoking was real and happened until

I stopped.)

Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal, abstract, or future::

I stopped to smoke.(I was doing something else, and I

stopped; the smoking had not happened yet.)

37


Gerunds and Infinitives

Verbs Followed by an InfinitiveShe agreed to speak before the game.

agreeaimappeararrangeask attemptbe ablebegbegincare choosecondescend

consentcontinuedaredecidedeservedetestdislikeexpectfailforgetgethappen

havehesitatehopehurryintendleapleavelikelonglovemeanneglect

offeroughtplanpreferprepareproceedpromiseproposerefuseremembersay

shootstartstopstriveswearthreatentryusewaitwantwish

Verbs Followed by an Object and an InfinitiveEveryone expected her to win.

adviseallowaskbegbringbuildbuychallenge

choosecommanddaredirectencourageexpectforbidforce

havehireinstructinviteleadleaveletlike

lovemotivateorderpaypermitpersuadepreparepromise

remindrequiresendteachtellurgewantwarn

38

Note: Some of these verbs are included in the list aboveand may be used without an object.



Verbs Followed by a GerundThey enjoyed working on the boat.

admitadviseappreciateavoidcan't helpcompleteconsider

delaydenydetestdislikeenjoyescapeexcuse

finishforbidget throughhaveimaginemindmiss

permitpostponepracticequitrecallreportresent

resistresumeriskspend (time)suggesttoleratewaste (time)

Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a GerundWe concentrated on doing well.

39

admit toapprove ofargue aboutbelieve incare aboutcomplain aboutconcentrate onconfess to

depend ondisapprove ofdiscourage fromdream aboutfeel likeforget aboutinsist onobject to

plan onprevent (someone) fromrefrain fromsucceed intalk aboutthink aboutworry about



A. Complete the following paragraph.

Yuri was in his first year at university, studying History. He was rather a lazy student, and he tended to avoid (work) ________________whenever he could. In the middle of the semester, his history professor gave out an assignment, due in two weeks. Yuri intended (do) ____________ the assignment, but he postponed (write) _________________it for a week. The following week, he forgot (do) __________________ it. The night before the

assignment was due, he suddenly remembered it, and rushed to the library. He tried (read) _______________as much as possible on the topic, but there wasn't enough time. Yuri considered (ask) _________ for more time to do his paper, but the History professor was known to be very tough on students, so finally he decided (cheat) ___________________ and copy his paper from somewhere else. He found an old article on the same topic, and quickly typed it out. The next day, he submitted the paper. The following week, he was alarmed (see) ________________________ the professor approaching him, looking angry. "Is this your own work, or did you copy it?" asked the professor. Yuri denied (copy) ________________ the paper. "If you expect me (believe) ________________________ that, you must be very stupid," said the professor. "Every word is taken from an article I wrote myself five years ago. Did you really think I would forget (write) ________________ it?"

40


Using Gerunds and Infinitives

VERB GERUND

INFINITVE BOTH VERB GERUND

INFINITVE BOTH

wantneedbeginenjoyfinishhopestartexpectquit

VERB GERUND

INFINITVE BOTH

VERB

GERUND

INFINITVE BOTH

plancontinueintendmindmeanlikedecidepromiseoffer

VERB GERUND

INFINITVE BOTH

VERB

GERUND

INFINITVE BOTH

agreeput offrefuseLove

41

SeemKeepAppearHateConsider


INFINITIVES & GERUNDS

We use the Gerund or the Infinitive after the following verbs:

beginHe began talking.He began to talk.

continueThey continue smoking.They continue to smoke.

hateDo you hate working on Saturdays?Do you hate to work on Saturdays?

likeI like swimming.I like to swim.

loveShe loves painting.She loves to paint.

preferPat prefers walking home.Pat prefers to walk home.

startThey start singing.They start to sing.

A.Put in the verbs in brackets in the gerund or the to infinitiveExample: They go on ___________ (read) the book.

They go on reading the book.

1. I can’t imagine Peter __________ (go) by bike.2. He agreed __________ (buy) a vew car.3. The question is easy __________ (answer).4. The man asked me how ________ (get) to the airport.5. I look forward to ____________ (see) you at the weekend.6) Are you thinking of __________ (visit) London?

42

7. We decided _____________ (run) through the forest.8. The teacher expected Sarah __________ (study) hard.9. She doesn’t mind __________ (work) the night shift.10. I learned ____________ (ride) the bike at the age of 5.


Using Gerunds and Infinitives

B. Create sentences with the information given.

1. Yoko / want / go / abroad__________________________________________________________2. Her mother / suggest / go / to Canada__________________________________________________________3. She / decide / visit / BC__________________________________________________________4. She / consider / study / in Vancouver__________________________________________________________5. However, she / hate / live / in big cities__________________________________________________________6. Finally, she / choose / go / to Victoria__________________________________________________________

EXPOSITIONTEAM OF 4:Create a poster. Write as many activities as you can using gerunds and infinitives.Examples:

I enjoy cooking

43

http://images.google.com.mx/imgres?imgurl=http://www.reluctantgourmet.com/images/cartoon_cutting_onions.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.reluctantgourmet.com/cooking_cartoons.htm&usg=__YWS2vodRZP347V8R2HZ41aiJAvc=&h=507&w=350&sz=33&hl=es&start=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=sIlkMMppgGifuM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcooking%2Bcartoon%2Bimages%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

Cycling is good for your health.


SECOND CONDITIONAL If + & + verb in past, & + would/could/should + verb in simple

form

* A conditional sentence has two parts. One is dependent and begins with If, and the other is the principal one or the consequence of the first part.

If you study, you will pass your exam. (first conditional)*In a Present Unreal Conditional (second conditional), you express a situation that is contrary to the reality.If I had time, I would take some vacations. (The reality is: I don’t have time)If I were you, I could give her a chance. (The reality is: I am not you).

A. Supply the form of the verb in parentheses to make present unreal conditions.1. (speak) If I knew her well, I _____________________ to her.2. (make) If he attended class regularly, he _______________ progress.3. (take) If we had the Money, we _____________ trip to South America.4. (feel) If he went to bed late, he ______________________ so tired.5. (have) If he drove more carefully, he ______________ less accidents.6. (respect) If he paid all the Money he borrowed, people _______________

him more.7. (read) If I knew English better, I ________________________ some

English novels. 8. (get) If he prepared his homework every night, he _______________

better grades.9. (pass) If you studied more, you _____________________ your exams.10. (buy) If I had Money, I ______________________ the tickets.11. (have) If I __________________ an automobile, I would take a trip to

California12. (work) If she _________________ harder, she would probably get a

better salary.13. (know) If I ______________________ how to drive, I would buy a car.

44

14. (know) If I _____________________ more grammar, I would make less mistakes.

15. (leave) If we ____________________ right away, we could be there in an hour.


B. Complete each of the following conditional sentences in your own words.

1. I don’t have a car, but if__________________________________________________________2. I am not in Florida, but if I__________________________________________________________3. I don’t like to swim, but if I__________________________________________________________4. I don’t have enough money to buy a new car, but if I__________________________________________________________5. I can’t type very well, but if I__________________________________________________________6. I can’t speak English perfectly, but if I__________________________________________________________7. I don’t know how to play the piano, but if I__________________________________________________________8. He doesn’t have much free time, but if he__________________________________________________________9. He never does his homework, but if he __________________________________________________________10. I am not a millionaire, but if I__________________________________________________________11. Today isn’t a holiday, but If it__________________________________________________________

C. Complete the sentences.1. She would buy a house, __________________________________________________________2. They would go to Europe,__________________________________________________________3. I would pass my exam,__________________________________________________________4. He would win the competition,__________________________________________________________5. We would have a graduation party, Lengua Adicional al Español IV

45

C. In your own words, WHAT WOULD YOU DO or WHAT WOULD HAPPEN…

1. If you never prepared your homework?__________________________________________________________

2. If you came late to class every day?__________________________________________________________

3. If you found a large sum of money in the street?__________________________________________________________

4. If you lost your purse or wallet?__________________________________________________________

5. If you were impolite to the teacher?__________________________________________________________

6. If you failed all your exams?__________________________________________________________

7. If you knew English perfectly?__________________________________________________________

8. If you were ten years younger than you are?__________________________________________________________

9. If you were Nicole Kidman?__________________________________________________________

10. If you had a lot of free time?__________________________________________________________

11. If you were Tom Cruise?__________________________________________________________


D. Create an unreal conditional from the situations given. Use would, could or should.

1. I’m not a child.__________________________________________________________2. I’m not the President.__________________________________________________________

46

3. I don’t have a headache.__________________________________________________________4. My city doesn’t have places for fun.__________________________________________________________

EXPOSITIONTEAM OF 4: CREATE A POSTER WHERE YOU CREATE SIX DIFERENT SITUATIONS WERE YOU CAN APPLY SECOND CONDITIONAL. EXAMPLE:

IF I WERE THIN,I WOULD BUY A LOT OF CLOTHES

I WOULD GO TO THE BEACH

I WOULD BE HAPPIER

1RESPUESTAS INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

A.) I can't imagine Peter going by bike.2) He agreed to buy a new car.3) The question is easy to answer.4) The man asked me how to get to the airport.5) I look forward to seeing you at the weekend.6) Are you thinking of visiting London?7) We decided to run through the forest.

47

http://images.google.com.mx/imgres?imgurl=http://torontospeeddate.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/woman-illustration-with-shopping-bags-thumb5548944.jpg&imgrefurl=http://torontospeeddate.com/2009/04/05/never-go-shopping-for-clothes-with-her-i-hate-it-when-i-see-couples-shopping-for-clothes-together/&usg=__zPdwKGXJBCYMLINvlMfi3cB17z0=&h=350&w=263&sz=24&hl=es&start=2&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=XZH3v8T0HjNx6M:&tbnh=120&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dshopping%2Band%2Bclothes%26hl%3Des%26um%3D1

http://images.google.com.mx/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pickmeupnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/0521_kim-kardashian-bikini-may-2009-2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.stylehive.com/bookmark/kim-kardashian-in-a-bikini-on-miami-beach-669821&usg=__gC4NQ6qZGS_4FIHWjg8WePxdwpY=&h=870&w=580&sz=90&hl=es&start=6&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=du_gJG2OGPDitM:&tbnh=145&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbikini%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bbeach%26hl%3Des%26um%3D1

http://images.google.com.mx/imgres?imgurl=http://i185.photobucket.com/albums/x93/thekronman/happy-face.gif&imgrefurl=http://motbits.com/2009/06/16/just-found-out-you-are-pregnant-with-twins/&usg=__K2HN9AJ1WHTMnXEaMydOhVEZ8KU=&h=400&w=400&sz=33&hl=es&start=18&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=ZiyxBk0gyG9TZM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhappy%2Bfaces%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DX%26um%3D1

8) The teacher expected Sarah to study hard.9) She doesn't mind working the night shift.10) I learned to ride the bike at the age of 5.

Appendix 1: Adverbials of Time and Place

Direct speech Indirect speech

now then/ at that time/ immediately

today yesterday/ that day/ on Tuesday etc.

yesterday the day before/ the previous day/ on Monday etc.

tomorrow the next day/ the following day/ on Wednesday etc.

this week last week/ that week

last yearthe year before/ the previous year/ the preceding year/in 1990 etc.

next month the month after/ the following month/ in August etc.

an hour ago an hour before/ an hour earlier/ at two o’clock etc.

in two days weeks) two days from then, two weeks from then

five days ago five days before, five days earlier

five weeks ago five weeks before, five weeks earlier

here there

Appendix 2: Tense Shift

Simple present > Simple past

"I always drink coffee", she said She said that she always drank coffee.

Present continuous > Past continuous

"I am reading a book", he explained. He explained that he was reading a book

Simple past > Past perfect

48

"Bill arrived on Saturday", he said. He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday

Present perfect > Past perfect

"I have been to Spain", he told me. He told me that he had been to Spain

Past perfect > Past perfect

"I had just turned out the light," he explained.

He explained that he had just turned out the light.

Present perfect continuous > Past perfect continuous

They complained, "We have been waiting for hours".

They complained that they had been waiting for hours.

Past continuous > Past perfect continuous

"We were living in Paris", they told me.

They told me that they had been living in Paris.

Future > Present conditional

"I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said

He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday.

Future continuous >Conditional continuous

She said, " I'll be using the car next Friday".

She said that she would be using the car next Friday.

http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/ ©

Appendix 3 Reporting Verb Collocations

Note that some reporting verbs may appear in more than one of the following groups.

1. Verbs followed by 'if' or 'whether' + clause:

askknowremember

saysee

2. Verbs followed by a that-clause:

49

http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/

addadmitagreeannounceanswerargueboastclaimcommentcomplainconfirmconsiderdeny

doubtestimateexplainfearfeelinsistmentionobservepersuadeproposeremarkrememberrepeat

replyreportrevealsaystatesuggestsupposetellthinkunderstandwarn

3. Verbs followed by either a that-clauseor ato-infinitive:

decideexpectguaranteehope

promiseswearthreaten

4. Verbs followed by a that-clausecontaining should(but note that it may be omitted, leaving a subject + zero-infinitive):

advisebegdemand

insistpreferpropose

recommendrequestsuggest

5. Verbs followed by a clause starting with a question word:

decidedescribediscoverdiscussexplainforgetguess

imagineknowlearnrealiserememberrevealsay

seesuggest teachtellthinkunderstandwonder

6. Verbs followed by object + to-infinitive

adviseaskbeg command

forbidinstructinvite

teachtellwarn

http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/rep7.cfm ©

Appendix 4: Reporting Verbs

50

http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/rep7.cfm

When using reported speech, most students learn to use "say" and "tell":

Examples:

John told me he was going to stay late at work.

Peter said he wanted to visit his parents that weekend.

These forms are perfectly correct for reporting what others have said. However, there are a number of other reporting verbs which can more accurately describe what someone has said. These verbs take a variety of structures. The following list gives you reporting verbs in various categories based on sentence structure. Notice that a number of verbs can take more than one form.

verb + object + infinitive

verb + infinitiveverb + (that)

verb + gerund

verb + object + preposition + gerund

verb + preposition + gerund

advise encourageinviteremindwarn

agreedecideofferpromiserefusethreaten

admitagreedecidedenyexplaininsistpromiserecommendsuggest

denyrecommendsuggest

accuseblamecongratulate

apologizeinsist

Examples:

Jack encouraged me to look for a new job.

They invited all their friends to attend the presentation.

Examples:

She offered to give him a lift to work.

My brother refused to take no for an answer.

Examples:

Tom admitted (that) he had tried to leave early.

She agreed (that) we needed to reconsider our plans.

Examples:

He denied having anything to do with her.

Ken suggested studying early in the morning.

Examples:

They accused the boys of cheating on the exam.

She blamed her husband for missing the train.

Examples:

He apologized for being late.

She insisted on doing the washing

51

He asked her if she was bored.She wondered if he would propose.

He asked her when she wanted to leave.She wondered where they would go.

52

53

54

55

56

Manual lae iv feb ago 2009

Education

simple past modal verb

past progressive18used

tag questions simple

simple past16

simple form

simple present13

present didhavehaswas

reported speech askunit