Manual de Escavacoes Ingles

6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744training Excavation work

jorge flor, contacto 847327744

6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


LEGISLATION

Rules of Safety at Work Construction

Excavations Chapter I - General Provisions Chapter II - Construction aids, equipment and their use Section I - Shoring6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Act or effect of digging; cava. (From digging and lat. Excavation). Earthmoving with removal thereof and may be carried out to the work plan or depth level. DIGS6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


DIGS According to the stability of excavation work can be grouped into two major groups: Excavations with a geometry that associated with the geological and geotechnical characteristics of the land, not jobs require containment.

Excavations resorts to the use of all technical support of developed land by man. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


THE GEOTHECNICS It is a branch of engineering that brings together three disciplines concerned with the characterization of the behavior of the land:

- Soil Mechanics; - Rock Mechanics; - Engineering Geology.



What is soil? The soil is a mixture of rock, water, air and a wide variety of other substances.

For Civil Engineering, the soil is considered as a set of particles cemented or cementless frankly, resulting from the breakdown of rock material

This type of connections is called cohesion, which is conditioned essentially by the amount of water in the soil. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


SOIL TYPES TYPE A

It is a soil medium consistency with a compression force of 1.5 newton / m or greater.Example of this is the clay soil.

Note: This soil type can not submit the following evidence:Cracks;Being exposed to vibrations, due by traffic;Have been previously disturbed;Have been subject to other factors that affect your rankings.6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Type B It is a land of little consistency with a compression force of 0.5 to 1.5 newton / m.- An example of this soil mud or silt.

This type of ground soil also includes the type A or fissures which have been subjected to vibration, as well as soils that are not stable rock.



Type C It is a soil consistency with a low compression force ranging from 0.5 newton / m or less.. An example of this ground sand and gravel. Also includes submerged soils, waterlogged soils and submerged rock that is not stable6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Stable rock It is a natural solid mineral material that can be dug vertically, remaining intact. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


TRENCH OR DITCH Long excavation width and variable depth.



GALLERY / TUNNEL

Horizontal or inclined underground excavation, which establishes the link between the wells of a mine.

It can be performed by explosives or by means of mechanical equipment. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


OTHER TYPES

All other excavations made by man, such as the open pit excavations for the construction of Caves and other types of infrastructure. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Fatalities by landfill by type of work6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Landslide;Crushing by falling objects;Fall of persons and vehicles for excavation; Implications on neighboring structures; Toxic fumes; Fires; Electrocution by contact with underground cables; Explosions; Danger to the general public. Main dangers of excavations6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Where the risk of falling trees, power lines, rockslides and objects of any kind, shoring, lashing or removal thereof, shall be taken so as not to cause obstructions in the flow of emergency action is necessary. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Before digging Clear the entire area, removing or clipping anything that might be hazardous; Contact the departments responsible for locating underground facilities in the excavation area; Classify the type of soil; Perform an emergency plan;



It can be considered a dig a confined space? When we have an atmosphere with less than 19.5% oxygen;

When there are other gases in the atmosphere of the excavation, which not only:- Natural gas - Coming leak- Methane - Coming from decaying materials6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Main causes of collapseOverload - motivated by the weight of the equipment, materials.

Shock and vibration - originated by moving machinery, traffic, other buildings, etc. ...

Intersection of Trenches - corners have less support and stability.

Elevated position of the water table.

Existence of blocks of stone in the middle ground.

Fund raising. Note All these situations are aggravated when the excavation is located near ditches built earlier.



Rupture scenariosCrackCrackLarger stressLarger stress areaGround voltageCollapseCollapseFirst Overthrow6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Rupture scenariosCollapseCollapseCrackCrackLarger stress areaGround voltageSecond collapseThird Meltdown6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


MAIN MEANS OF PROTECTION IN EXCAVATION Slopes

Terracing

Shoring

Shields or trench boxes

Note: Greater than 6 feet deep excavations require a protection system designed by an Engineer6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Choice of Protection System Depends on the site, the conditions and circumstances;

Depends on available systems;

Depends on the destination of the job in question. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


SLOPES Gradient that gives the surface of land, wall, moat; ramp slope; escarpment. Sloping surface of an excavation or embankment. The angle stabilization of a slope varies according to the angle of internal friction of the material, but also the water content.



Inclination of slope according to the types of soil6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744

Soil or rockMaximum allowable slope for excavations less than 6.5 metersStable rockVertical ( 90 )Type A to 1 ( 53 )Type B1 to 1 ( 45 )Type C1 to 1 ( 34 )


Examples of embankments by soil typeTipo ATipo BTipo C6 m mx.6 m mx.6 m mx.6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Coating of the tablets the walls of a mine, a well, etc..

Latin - instipare of stipare.

Temporary shoring support of land in ditches or trenches.

Shoring6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


HandrailStrapEstroncaBob / or cutting boardGuardShoring in accordance with the standards6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Most used materials Wood - When depth 5 m 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Minimum requirements WoodsTable for depths between 1.20 m and 3 m6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744

Nature soilBobsStrapEstroncassection

Cmsection

msection

Cmspacing

msection

Cmspacingerectmspacinglevelm

Consistency Average5x151,80--10x151,201,80Little Consistency5x150,9010x151,2010x151,201,80

Mushy5x15ongoing10x151,2010x151,201,80


SHELLS OR BOXES FOR TRENCHES Structures are pre - assembled, prepared to resist collapse, protecting workers. RULES

Should be fixed in the ditch

Must pass 45 cm above the vertical side of the trench6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Placement of the shield6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Terracing6 m6 m Single or multiple The angles depend on the soil type, as already mentioned. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Using several methods of security together 6 m6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Safety RulesBEFORE DIGGING

Clear the entire area, removing or clipping anything that might be hazardous;

Contact the departments responsible for locating underground facilities in the excavation area; Classify the type of soil; Perform an emergency plan. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Objective

Establish the minimum conditions that must be followed in the execution of services of excavations under the responsibility of the company with the purpose of giving security people involved, do not damage the various existing installations and preserve the environment6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744safety in excavation services


LEG-30-00018-Safety in excavation and boring services of buried pipelinesNR-18, Item 18.6 - Excavations, foundations and blasting of rocks NR 9061/85- security of open pit excavations6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744main reference documents


manual excavation: excavation carried out with the aid of hand tools Mechanized excavation: excavation performed with use of motorized equipment (eg bulldozer, backhoe etc.) or pneumatic Guaranteed stability: equilibrium relative to structures, embankments, ditches and shoring or other items that do not offer risk of collapse or collapse, either because they are secured by means of scaled structures for the purpose or because they exhibit rigidity of formation itself (eg . rocks) the guaranteed stability of a structure will always be the subject of technical responsibility of a legally qualified6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744Key Definitions


6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744where the strength parameters of the soil


Protection of excavations

Type:

Walls and embankmentsWalls protected with structures (shoring)Walls in natural slopes and structures (joint)6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744Job Description


6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744Job Description


Job Description

Protection of excavationsMetal shieldthis type of protection and recommended for deep and specific, associated or not to taludamento the ground for ease of working with machines excavation excavations the metallic shielding shall consttituida of panels (stiffened plates with metallic profiles, with no gaps or filled with insulating material) and estrncos on metallic tubes or welded6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


for execution of works or excavations and foundations with the use of pile driving equipment especially in places where the risk of reaching underground facilities, these can only be initiated after the project has been planned and / or developed a specific procedure for realization of the work, which contemplate monitoring the same full-time manager for the companyyet the procedure actions to be taken in the case should be referred to underground facilities have been affectedUnstable slopes of excavations deeper than 1.25 m (one meter and twenty-five feet) should have their guaranteed stability through structures dimensioned for this purpose. excavations with up to 1.25 m depth can dispense shoring, unless it is required in the face of poor quality soil (organic clay) or presence of water6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Excavationexisting embankments with greater than 1.75 m (a subway and seventy-five feet) tall must have guaranteed stability the stability of the walls of the excavation (trench or trench) should be guaranteed and backed by a legally qualified technician responsible, through the completion and signing of the Certificate of excavation with guaranteed stability, post to, if necessary, the geotechnical study and design to execution of excavationfor excavation with a depth of 3.5 meters (three meters and fifty centimeters) is the technician responsible legally entitled to exemption from the geotechnical study6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


excavationthe execution of mechanized excavation, regardless of their depth, or manual with depth greater than 1.25 m (one meter and twenty-five feet), should only be performed after you have been authorized through the issuance of a work-premissao for PT, which should be attached as the list of security check to work excavation and excavation certificate with guaranteed stability6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


excavationdepending on location and conditions of the environment where the excavation will be held, responsible for the issuance of PT may require excavations, manual or mechanical, inferios with depth 1.25 m (one meter and twenty-five feet), are accompanied by legally qualified professional technician (PTLH)the excavation (trench or trench) shall be inspected daily by the manager or PTLH based on checklist and certificate of excavation with guaranteed stability, already filled previouslythe excavations more than 1.25 m (one meter and twenty-five feet) deep shall have stairs or ramps, placed close to jobs, to allow, in case of emergency, the rapid exit of workers6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


excavationmaterials removed from the excavation shall be deposited at a greater distance to half the depth of the same or 2m (two meters), whichever is greater, measured from the edge of the special talude.cuidado should be accorded to materials that can scroll to the inside the excavation, shall be removed or anchored, to avoid accidents, it is recommended that it be observed in ditches certificate issued by PLTHthe period that people are running services within the excavation, the excavation machines and other heavy equipment, must be stopped and / or outside the area of influence of the excavation in order to not transmit dynamic forces that may alter the equilibrium conditions and soil stability, as least 5 meters from the edge of the ditch6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


the steep ramps will be observed factors of safety in order to prevent slips and landslides, leaving open the trench only necessary minimum time for execution of the service where the cut of the land, palno should be prepared for stabilization of embankments and clear cut areas of the send-offin places where there are adjacent ducts, trench shoring should be provided to minimize the risk of lateral displacement of the ground which can exert pressure on the neighboring duct6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


protection measuresaccess: the access of workers, vehicles and equipment areas of the excavation must be PERMANENT Warning of signaling, like, care-"excavation areaWarning signs: including night and insulation barrier around its perimeter to prevent accidents like falling of persons and / or vehicles, machinery or equipment within the same6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


barriers of isolation: only use zebradas tapes for short intervals of time should be allowed time required for installation of barriers with a minimum resistance of 90 kgf/cm2 in its most unfavorable point must support the weight of a personthe barriers of isolation must be prepared in advance, should be ready before the start of excavations stairs, ramps, bridges and platforms or skid: they must be used in excavations carried out in places where passage of people and vehicles 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


DURING THE WORKS

Use appropriate equipment and in good condition,

Prevent landslides, using the means of protection; Do not overwhelm embankments, excavations of the products may not be placed less than 0.60 m from the edge of the excavation, Placing guardrails or other protection to prevent the fall of persons and equipment for excavation;

Check the ambient conditions and always ventilate necessary; Verificar as condies ambientais e ventilar sempre que necessrio;6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Observe the climatic conditions such as heavy rains;

Ensure adequate supervision of the excavation; Where necessary to build bridges for vehicles;

Ensure adequate access by stairs or ramps, at the opening of the trench there will be at least a ladder in each section of 15 meters, which will come out 0.90 m from the upper edge,

Ensure the protection of the public, placing signs, barriers and building bridges, etc. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


A competent person must inspect excavations at the beginning of each shift, after any incident or accident;

Do not put combustion engines within or near the excavation;

STOP WORK IF THE INSPECTION SHOW THAT IS NOT SAFE DIGGING. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


The Ideal!6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


EXPLOSIONSAct or effect of exploding; chemistry, rapid and violent reaction, accompanied by a great increase of temperature and abundant release of gases.

EXPLOSIVE

Unstable chemical capable of releasing energy and producing fragmentation. EXPLOSIONS6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Explosions in the civil construction are mainly used in:

DEMOLITION

DIGSEXPLOSIONS6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


The explosion occurs unexpectedly.

Designing materials to great heights and distances.

Collapse of other structures, the effect of vibrations.

Not explode. MAJOR HAZARDS6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Should make a plan of operation and safety.

You should make a survey of all that surrounds the area of the explosion, including underground services. If there is a possibility of many vibration tests should be carried out in the neighboring structures.

Should warn populations of measures due to vibrations.

You must create security boundaries. Never

CARING FOR THE EXPLOSIVES SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE- It should be away from the explosives from any source of flame or heat.

TRANSPORTATION OF EXPLOSIVES The vehicle used must have the box lined with wood transport.

Must be protected against the emission of sparks, particularly in the barrel-to-escape zone.

They must be transported alone.

- The vehicle must be identified.

Must be equipped with a dry chemical extinguisher ABC. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


CARING FOR THE EXPLOSIVES STORAGE - There should be an updated inventory of explosives. Must be closed. You should follow the instructions included in storage boxes. You should use the FIFO system (1st in is the 1st out of the warehouse). Please do not use metallic material to perform the opening and shipping boxes. The premises must be dry and ventilated and relatively fresh. The premises must be fireproof and bulletproof. Detonators are never stored with explosives



CARING FOR THE EXPLOSIVES

USE

ONE PERSON COMPETENT AND QUALIFIED SHOULD HANDLE THE EXPLOSIVES AND PREPARING THE ZONES EXPLODE.6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


AFTER EXPLODE

Disconnect the wires expeller;

Allow to time so that the smoke and dust from leaving the blast zone.

The responsible for the explosion should inspect the area to make sure all explosives blew.

The officer should collect all the wires and loads unused.

It should inspect the area, particularly in excavations, to determine the safety of the remaining work. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Caissons, tunnels, galleries or small deep excavations, whose work front does not enable perfect eye contact activity and in which individual work, the employee shall be attached to 1caboguia so that, in case of emergency, the request to the professional surface for your quick help.From 1 m (one meter) deep is the pit exit access or caisson shall be made by means of systems that ensure worker safety, such as: trouble with lock; mechanical winch. 6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


Thank you for your attention!6/28/2014*jorge flor, contacto 847327744


*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST*Mrio Silvestre - HSST

Manual de Escavacoes Ingles

Documents

soil consistency

type of ground soil

clay soil

soil mud

soil medium consistency

soil types type ait

submerged rock

stable rock