Manual Conversions Regional Gliding School Speed/Time/Distance Speed, time and distance are related by the equation: Speed = Distance Time Given any.

Manual Conversions

Regional Gliding School

Speed/Time/Distance

• Speed, time and distance are related by the equation:

Speed = Distance

Time

• Given any two of the three variables, the other can be calculated using this equation.


• Example Speed = Distance Time

Speed/Time/Distance

If distance and time are given, simply place the values in the equation.

Speed = 150 KM

3 HRS

Speed = 50 KPH


Time * Speed = Distance * Time Time

Distance = Speed * Time

Speed/Time/Distance

If speed and time are given, the equation needs to be modified.

• Example Speed = Distance

Time

Multiply each side by the denominatorEliminate common variablesWrite new equation


Distance = Time x Speed

Distance = 3Hrs x 75KPHDistance = 225KM

Speed/Time/Distance

Now that speed and time are given for the simple equation, place the values in the equation.


Speed Conversions

• 66NM = 76 SM

• Knots to MPH Multiply by 1.15

• MPH to Knots Divide by 1.15

• KPH to Knots Multiply by .54

• KPH to MPH Multiply by .62


Time Conversions

• Hours to Minutes Multiply by 60

• Minutes to Hours Divide by 60


The Appleyard Scale

Outside Ring - Distance and Velocity

Inside Ring - Time

All calculations can be done without using the flight computer by using the previous formula:

Velocity = Distance

Time

However the appleyard scale is a simple quick method to convert.


Time Scale

• The number 9 stands for– 9 minutes,

– 90 minutes,

– 900 minutes, etc.

• You must use common sense to figure out which one applies.

• Notice on the time scale under the 9, 1:30 and 15:00 are written. They stand for 90 minutes and 900 minutes respectively.


Distance Scale

• The number 6 stands for– 6 units,

– 60 units,

– 600 units, etc.

• Again, you must use common sense to figure out which

one applies.

Flight Computer

The Appleyard Scale is the same for the CR-3 and E6-B Flight Computer. The CR-3 will be used to show conversions. However, as mentioned above the E6-B can be used as well.


Speed/Time/Distance

• Given– Speed = 120 knots– Distance = 170 NM– Time = ?

• If speed is given, point arrow towards the speed


• Remember that 12 is also 120 and 1200. Any multiple of 10.

• Second, follow the outside scale to 17 for 170NM and read inside scale.

Speed/Time/Distance


• The inside scale will align with 85.

• This number could mean 8.5, 85 or 850.

• Use common sense to calculate correct answer.

Speed/Time/Distance


• Flying at 120 knots or 120 nautical miles per hour for 170 NM means the aircraft will be airborne for 85 minutes or 1 hour and twenty-five minutes.

Speed/Time/Distance


• Let's try a few examples:

Given

Speed = 210 MPH

Time = 40 minutes

Distance = ?

Use the flight computer to calculate.

Speed/Time/Distance


Speed = 210 MPH

Time = 40 min.

Distance = 140 MilesPoint arrow to 210

View reading aligned with 40 min

Answer 140 Miles

Speed/Time/Distance


• Let's try a few examples:

Given

Speed = ?

Time = 90 minutes

Distance = 120 NM

Use the flight computer to calculate.

This one is a little different than before. Give it a try!

Speed/Time/Distance


Speed = 80 knots

Time = 90 min.

Distance = 120 NM

Align 90 min to 120 NMRead speed from pointing arrowAnswer 80 knots

Speed/Time/Distance


Fuel

• Given– Fuel = 8 GPH– Time = 45 minutes– Consumption = ?

• If fuel is given, point arrow towards fuel.


• Remember that 80 is also 8 and 800. Any multiple of 10.

• Second, follow the inside scale to 45 and read outside scale.

Speed, Time, Distance


• The outside scale will align with 60.

• This number could mean 6, 60 or 600.

• Use common sense to calculate correct answer.



• Burning 8 GPH or 8 gallons per hour for 45 minutes means the aircraft will consume 6 gallons



Conversions

• Many conversions are possible with the flight computerSM To NM

MPH To KPH

US GAL To IMP GAL

LBS To Kg


Conversions

• To convert units simply place known unit under proper location.

• If 170 statute miles are given, place it under the statute mile location.


Conversions

• Once SM is in the correct position, read nautical miles under the NM location.

• Answer = 148 NM


Conversions

• Also, you can read kilometers under the KM location.

• Answer = 271 KM

Confirmation Stage

NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage


A

B

C

D

Distance

Time

Velocity

Both A and C

Let's try a few review questions on Navigation:

Question #1 - What is on the outside ring of the Appleyard Scale?

NavigationNavigationCR-3 or E6-B Flight ComputerCR-3 or E6-B Flight Computer

I’m afraid that answer is incorrect

Let's try again...

Flying Scholarship Program


Let's try again...



Let's try again...



That answer is correct.

Let's move on...


The Appleyard Scale

Outside Ring - Distance and Velocity

Inside Ring - Time

All calculation can be done without using the flightcomputer by using the following formula:

Velocity = Distance

Time

However the appleyard scale is a simple quick method to convert..


A

B

C

D

90 min

16 min

9 min

1.6 hrs


Question #2 - If you are flying at a speed of 270 knots for a distance of 74 KM, how long would you be airborne?



Let's try again...



Let's try again...



Let's try again...




Let's move on...


Answer #2 -

Multiply 74 by .62 = 39.96Knots (rounded to 40 knots)

(You could Also use the flightcomputer to calculate)

Use flight computer tocalculate equation


Distance

Speed

Time

Answer = 9 min


One-in-Sixty Rule

• An error in the track of one degree will cause an error in position of about one mile in a distance of 60 miles.

• Example 3° off track will cause an aircraft to be 3 miles

out to the side.

3°

3 miles

60 miles

Flight Computer

Click on the type of Flight Computer you wish to use for the wind side of the computer.

CR-3 Flight Computer

E6-B Flight Computer

Confirmation Stage

NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage



A

B

C

D

4 miles

8 miles

12 miles

16 miles


Question #3 - What distance off track would an aircraft be if it were 4° off course and flew 180 miles without corrective action?


Let's try again...



Let's try again...



Let's try again...




Let's move on...


One-in-Sixty Rule

• An error in the track of one degree willcause an error in position of about one milein a distance of 60 miles.

• Example 3° off track will cause an aircraft to be 3 miles out to the side.

3°

3 miles

60 miles




Question #4 - Worksheets

Exercise #1

Exercise #2

Exercise #1 Answer Key

Exercise #2 Answer Key


Congratulations!!

You have now completed the CR-3 or E6-B Flight Computer lesson and the Navigation Module. Of course, this module is always available to you for future reference if required.

You are now ready to move along to the next module you wish. You can advance to the Self Test Module if you feel ready to challenge the final exam.

Good Luck!


Manual Conversions Regional Gliding School Speed/Time/Distance Speed, time and distance are related by the equation: Speed = Distance Time Given any.

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