Manipulating the Microbiome: diet, environment, and genetics

• 1. A Metagenomic Approach to Understand Surgical Infection-The Role of Next Generation Technology Jack A Gilbert @gilbertjacka www.americangut.org www.microbial-models.com www.homemicrobiome.com www.earthmicrobiome.org www.hospitalmicrobiome.com

2. 2Presentation Title Here | Welcome to your microbial life! 3. And all these microbial differences matter! Because microbes: Determine whether Tylenol is toxic to your liver Drive mate choice in fruit flies Make you attractive to mosquitoes 4. The Gut Brain Axis 5. Gilbert et al., Cell, 2013 6. 6 American Gut Project www.americangut.org Big differences by disease state, age, sex and diet. 7. A More Obese Population: A true epidemic? Contributing factors to obesity can be complicated 8. Genetic factors in Obesity are VERY complicated 9. Genetic factors in Obesity are VERY complicated And only explain 57% of the variance in obesity! 10. What if the obesity epidemic was related to gut bacteria? 11. And can be transferred to a mouse to make it gain weight Fei & Zhao ISME J 2012 Morbidly obese man made to diet on whole grains Loses 51.4 kg of 174.8 kg! Shows massive reduction in abundance of Enterobacter cloacae B29 When added to mice they gain more weight on a high fat diet than mice without this bug 12. Enterobacter cloacae B29 makes mouse gain weight Morbidly obese man made to diet on whole grains Loses 51.4 kg of 174.8 kg! Shows massive reduction in abundance of Enterobacter cloacae B29 When added to mice they gain more weight on a high fat diet than mice without this bug Fei & Zhao ISME J 2012 13. Diet and the microbiome influence circadian live function Vanessa Leone, Sean Gibbons, Eugene Chang et al 14. Infant microbes depend mainly on delivery method Babies sampled 20 min after birth dont have distinct microbes in different places, but are undifferentiated C-section baby microbes cluster with adult skin microbes rather than vaginal 15. http://vimeo.com/90059732 Courtesy of BioBE & Cosmocyte 16. Simon Lax and Daniel Smith 17. House 1 Dynamic Bayesian Network Predicting Interactions between people and surfaces 18. Adding dogs into the mix make the interaction space more complex. US-EC Workshop on Marine Genomics: Next Generation Scientists for Next Generation Sequencing House 4 Dynamic Bayesian Network 19. Dog-associated bacteria prevent asthma & allergies 20. We can forensically identify physical connections between people Young Couple living with a lodger - you can identify the relationship from the microbiome - you can also tell which parts of the house the lodger uses. A young family (parents with 2 young boys) shows no such delineation. 21. 22The Hospital Microbiome Project The future: Microbial profile in your medical records! 22. Tracing changes in microbial community structure Figure Courtesy: Lawrence David and Eric Alm 23. 24 What can you do? Get your hands dirty!