1 Manifest Destiny • The term "manifest destiny" was first used by journalist John O'Sullivan in the New York Democratic Review in 1845. O'Sullivan wrote in favor of the U.S. annexing Texas. • Opponents to annexation, he argued, were trying to stop "the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by
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Manifest Destiny The term "manifest destiny" was first used by journalist John O'Sullivan in the New York Democratic Review in 1845. O'Sullivan wrote in.
“American Progress” John Gast, 1873 Give students approximately one minute to view the painting, then proceed to the following slides. “American Progress” John Gast, 1873
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1
Manifest Destiny• The term "manifest destiny" was first used by
journalist John O'Sullivan in the New York Democratic Review in 1845. O'Sullivan wrote in favor of the U.S. annexing Texas.
• Opponents to annexation, he argued, were trying to stop "the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions"
2
“American Progress” John Gast, 1873
Transportation: Canals• The Erie Canal:
• Hudson River to Buffalo, NY
• Connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean
• LocksThe Erie Canal
Transportation: Railroads• Made canals less important• Major wave of construction
from 1830s through 1860s• Transcontinental railroad
completed in 1869• Government support was
important for success of the canals and railroads
An early railroad engine from the 1830s
The Telegraph “WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT” Morse sends first telegraph on May 24,
1844 from Washington D.C. to Baltimore Morse's early system produced a paper
copy with raised dots and dashes, which were translated later by an operator
Agricultural Revolution Midwest farming production growth
Cyrus McCormick and the horse drawn grain reaper
John Deere and the steel plow; farmers now had a surplus of goods to sell
Connection to Eastern markets Canals, turnpikes, rail As agricultural output grows,
manufacturing grows, infrastructure expands and the population increases
Cumberland Road Linked Cumberland, MD to Vandalia,
Ill Under construction from 1811-1837
The Market Revolution: 1793 Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin 1797 Whitney invents interchangeable parts for
firearms 1807 Robert Fulton invents the steamboat 1823 Lowell Mills opens in Massachusetts 1825 Erie Canal is completed 1828 First U.S. railroad appears 1834 Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical
mower-reaper 1835* Samuel F. B. Morse invents the telegraph 1837 Cumberland road (National Road) is
completed 1838 John Deere invents the steel plow
Effect of the Market Revolution Political consequences: reinforced
east-west ties at the expense of north-south relationships
The canal systems (ex: Erie) and railroads encouraged Midwesterners to do business with the northeast as opposed to the south
Exacerbates sectional tensions building to the Civil War; the sectional gap grows
Mexico Gained independence from Spain in 1821 Encouraged Americans to settle the
under-populated territory of Texas Low Tejano population
Tejano (Mexican and Spanish ancestry)
Native American threat: Comanche and Apache
Land offered at 10 cents/acre ($1.25 in U.S.)
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