Manifest Destiny

Manifest DestinyChapter 9

Objectives Explain the concept of Manifest

Destiny.

Explain the causes and challenges of westward migration.

Migrating to the West

Americans sought economic opportunity

NM, oldest colony along New Spain’s northwestern frontier 9,600 Hispanics live there 1765

El Paso and Santa Fe Discouragement

1. threat of war with nomadic Native Americans

2. Apaches, nomads of Great Plains

Perpetual WarfareCompetition for buffaloComanches and LakotasApaches raid Pueblo

and Spanish settlements in NM (N.W. NM Navajos)

Protection of NMStronger frontier defenses

and more flexible diplomacy with nomadsGave gifts made

alliances with Comanches

No Love for Texas NM growth and improved

security did not extend to TX

Distant Poor Subject to raids

California Isolation Too far to market (export

livestock and grains) Needed royal money to

supply/pay soldiers Lack of guns and horses allow

for Christian missions Father Junípero Serra Allowed for growth (construction

of buildings, irrigation ditches, erected fences, herded cattle, and cultivated grain

Looking Westward 1821, revolution Spanish rule toppled

Mexico made independent republic Expansionists look towards CA, NM,

and TX Weakness of Mexican government/economy Mexicans inferior America needed land Manifest Destiny

Santa Fe Trail Independent Mexico and America

begin trading Santa Fe Trail

Opened trade across Great Plains to Santa Fe, NM

American manufactured goods horses, mules, fur, silver

Mariners from Northeast sailed around South America to CA coast Tallow and hides manufactured

goods

Santa Fe Trail Map

Mountain Men Daring young American

trappers who hunted beaver pelts in the Rockies

Jedediah Smith, 1826 Crossed Great Basin and Sierra

Nevada to reach CA Traded with Mexican residents His trade and migration route

became the California Trail, linking the US with the Pacific Coast

Oregon Trail A variant of this trail turned northwest at

South Pass to reach Oregon Country Found Indian mission at Walla Walla