Mangememt Thought Presentation (contribution of Frank B. and Lillian M. Gilbreths in scientific management including time and motion study)

Profile of SPARK's Members

S. No. Member's Name ID No.

01. Md. Kamal Ahmed 07882419

02. Md. Syedul Islam 07882453

03. Md. Tanbir Ahmed Siddiki 07882467

04. Md. Arafat Hossain 07882471

05. Md. Golam Miraz 07882499

06. Zahirul Islam 07882517

07. Md. Miraj Hussain Kaji 07882535

08. Md. Chand Mia 07882547

09. Nazmul Huda 07882639

Scientific Management(1910-1935)

Frederick Taylor

Frank Bunker Gilbreth

Lillian Moller Gilbreth

Scientific Management

The process of approaching various aspects of organizations in a scientific manner using scientific tools such as research, management, and analysis.

Scientific Management Theorists

PURISTS

Frederick Taylor

Henry Gannt

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

TRANSITIONALISTS

Luther Gulick

Max Weber

Henry Fayol

Frederick Taylor Efficiency Expert in U.S. Steel

Industry Invented New Tool Designs

and Handling Methods Designed stop-Watch Task

Timing Created Piece-Rate Payment

Scheme Developed Industrial

Departments

Time Studies and the Piece-Rate System Studied most efficient

worker Used stop-watch timing

to measure each production step

Eliminated any unnecessary movements

Designed standardized instruction cards for employees

Employees paid for meeting the established rate of production

Aims of scientific management To determine industrial and market trends As a result of determination of industrial and market

trends planned and balanced operations in an enterprise will assure continuous employment to the employees

To obtain better gains for the concern and its employees To improve the living standard of workers To provide better contentment and a happier life for

workers

Continued……. To render employees satisfactory conditions for work To provide highest opportunity for ivorker's employment

and advancement To motivate workers for promotion to higher positions To generate self-reliance and self-respect in workers To develop personality, attitudes and behavior of workers To build workers' character To promote equity and justice To create atmosphere of amity and mutual cooperation

New views generated by scientific management

F. W. Taylor promoted many new attitudes employing scientific principles that was different from the practice of those days. He introduced that scientific management is called for conservation, not waste.

Continued…Followings are the principles-

- scientific management promoted an air of investigation , research and analysis.

- it viewed management and labor as a team.

- emphasis on planning , use of standard, research and cooperative endeavor.

Frank and Lillian GilbrethName: Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr.Born: July 7, 1868. Fairfield, Maine.Died: June 14, 1924 (aged 55) Montclair, New JerseyEmployer: Purdue University

Name: Lillian Evelyn Moller GilbrethBorn: May 24, 1878. Oakland, California.Died: January 2, 1972 (aged 93) Phoenix, ArizonaOccupation: Ergonomics expert Management

consultant Professor

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

- Associates of Fredrick Winslow Taylor, their work was intertwined with his and their motion studies predated Taylor’s system first published in 1903.

- Developed the laws of human motion from which evolved the principles of motion economy.

Continued…….

When he work as an apprentice bricklayer, noted three sets of motion…

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Pioneers in the field of motion studies and provided the foundation for job simplification, meaningful work, and incentive wage plans.

Analyzed each motion of work for wasted efforts in an attempt to reduce each task to the smallest amount of expended time and energy.

Professed: effective training, effective work methods, improved work environment, positive psychological perspective.

Made the connection between standardization and efficiency Believed that time could not be separated from motion; the two

were intertwined.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Systematically examined how repetitive tasks were performed

These repetitive tasks were broken down into Therbligs, which are systems for analyzing the motions involved in performing a task. This consisted of identification of individual motions, as well as moments of delay in the process, designed to find unnecessary or inefficient motions and to utilize or eliminate even split seconds of wasted time.

the major contributions of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are presented next along with a brief description.

Motion and Time Study Motion Study is designed to determine to best way to

complete a repetitive job. Motion study involves the analysis of the basic hand,

arm, and body movements of workers as they perform work.

Time Study measures how long it takes an average worker to complete a task at a normal pace.

History of Motion and Time Study- they used separately but became interrelated

Motion Study

Frank B. Gilbreth, Lillian M. Gilbreth

•1885, he begun to develop motion study

Time Study

Frederick W. Taylor

•1881, he started to develop time study

Details of Motion and Time Study

Motion Study

Bricklaying

Tools Used

- Motion camera

Time Study Started at a machine shop Home with his family

Tools

-Stopwatch & Clipboard Tools used today….

- Computers

- Bar codes

- Accustudy Software

Continued….Motion Study

Improve methods

It measures distance, or how much you move to do a job, and how much you get done

in a period of time

Time Study

Establish standards

Looked at the average time it took an average worker

Therblig… Any of a set of fundamental motions required for a worker to

perform a manual operation. Therbligs are the smallest units of work. They were developed by

Frank Gilbreth, one of the fathers of ergonomics, the science of motion.

Invented and refined Therbligs roughly between 1908 and 1924. Each Therblig had a mnemonic symbol and standard color for charting

Therbligs are the basic building blocks of virtually all manual work performed at a single workplace and consisting primarily of hand motions. – A list of Gilbreth’s 17 therbligs is presented along with the letter symbol used for each as well as a brief description.

Examples of therbligs…..

Gilbreth's Contribution

- Devoted to Efficiency- Analyzed Motion and Movements of Workers- Created Therblig System- Their studies were part of the manufacturing

revolution in the U.S.

Criticisms…

In response to Taylor’s time studies and view of human nature, many strong criticisms and reactions were recorded-Unions, for example, regarded time study as a disguised tool of management designed to standardize and intensify the pace of production. -individuals such as Gilbreth (1909), Cadbury and Marshall heavily criticized Taylor and pervaded his work with subjectivity. -In addition, Taylor’s critics condemned the lack of scientific substance in his time studies, in the sense that they relied heavily on individual interpretations of what workers actually do.