NATIONAL GIS BACK GROUND A Vision for National GIS had been recently evolved under the aegis of the Planning Commission through a Core Group of experts. The National GIS is envisaged as a fundamental component of India's critical democratic and governance infrastructure, providing GIS support to many aspects of the national economic and governance process that would benefit the nation. The Vision is two-fold – one, to establish a “National GIS” as a technology platform through, ,an organisational structure of Indian National GIS Organisation (INGO) that is responsible for, maintains and operates the GIS Platform. The major elements of the National GIS platform include Infrastructure, Data assets, Portal, Decision Support Applications and Capacity building component. The National GIS Asset is proposed to be organized at two-levels - Seamless, nation-wide GIS content equivalent to 1:10,000 scale and pockets of “geo-stitched” city-level larger-scale GIS Asset (wherever and as and when available). National GIS Asset includes ~41+ GIS Features and a wide range of ~15+ sectoral geo-tagged attributes/tabular data from census, demographics, planning and development, infrastructure and other sectoral datasets of ministries/states. It is also proposed to allow crowd-sourced geo-tagged data content into the National GIS as an additional “citizen layer” where citizens can populate their datasets/grievance-points etc. on the GIS frame. The system will endeavour to integrate relevant policies and promote common standards that will be founded on principles of “open standards” enabling inter-operability across platforms and systems and technology neutrality. Indian industry is envisaged to play a major role in terms of offering high-quality, success-oriented, committed and cost-effective services and work with anchor agencies under contractual obligations to Indian National GIS Organisation. In addition, it is proposed to utilise the capacity of academic and other knowledge based institutions in activities related to training, education, performance evaluation and policy analysis. The National GIS will require high-quality documentation of standards and practices to adopt and position, specifically on: NATIONAL GIS STANDARDS A National GIS Standard 2011 (TABLE- list tentatively some of the most critical parameters in the standardization domain) that defines the mapping/surveying, GIS database parameters and their limits for acceptance to National GIS. Existing GIS Standards like NNRMS Standard of 2005, NSDI Metadata Standards of 2001/2009 and NSDI Exchange Standards of 2001 have been studied, updated/enhanced and integrated into National GIS Standards 2011 definition. National Spatial Framework (NSF) definition with a core standard layer of India boundary (with states, districts and other major features) as a core Geospatial dataset with appropriate datum/projections defined – which can be made freely available and accessible for all GIS activities in the country. The NSF, initially is to be defined equivalent to 1:50k SOI Open Series Maps (with the available geodetic framework) and also later for 1:10k National GIS Asset (as and when the next depth of geodetic framework is available) requirement.
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NATIONAL GIS
BACK GROUND
A Vision for National GIS had been recently evolved under the aegis of the Planning
Commission through a Core Group of experts. The National GIS is envisaged as a fundamental
component of India's critical democratic and governance infrastructure, providing GIS support
to many aspects of the national economic and governance process that would benefit the nation.
The Vision is two-fold – one, to establish a “National GIS” as a technology platform through,
,an organisational structure of Indian National GIS Organisation (INGO) that is responsible
for, maintains and operates the GIS Platform.
The major elements of the National GIS platform include Infrastructure, Data assets,
Portal, Decision Support Applications and Capacity building component. The National GIS
Asset is proposed to be organized at two-levels - Seamless, nation-wide GIS content equivalent
to 1:10,000 scale and pockets of “geo-stitched” city-level larger-scale GIS Asset (wherever and
as and when available). National GIS Asset includes ~41+ GIS Features and a wide range of
~15+ sectoral geo-tagged attributes/tabular data from census, demographics, planning and
development, infrastructure and other sectoral datasets of ministries/states. It is also proposed
to allow crowd-sourced geo-tagged data content into the National GIS as an additional “citizen
layer” where citizens can populate their datasets/grievance-points etc. on the GIS frame. The
system will endeavour to integrate relevant policies and promote common standards that will
be founded on principles of “open standards” enabling inter-operability across platforms and
systems and technology neutrality.
Indian industry is envisaged to play a major role in terms of offering high-quality,
success-oriented, committed and cost-effective services and work with anchor agencies under
contractual obligations to Indian National GIS Organisation. In addition, it is proposed to utilise
the capacity of academic and other knowledge based institutions in activities related to training,
education, performance evaluation and policy analysis.
The National GIS will require high-quality documentation of standards and practices to
adopt and position, specifically on:
NATIONAL GIS STANDARDS
A National GIS Standard 2011 (TABLE- list tentatively some of the most critical
parameters in the standardization domain) that defines the mapping/surveying, GIS database
parameters and their limits for acceptance to National GIS. Existing GIS Standards like
NNRMS Standard of 2005, NSDI Metadata Standards of 2001/2009 and NSDI Exchange
Standards of 2001 have been studied, updated/enhanced and integrated into National GIS
Standards 2011 definition.
National Spatial Framework (NSF) definition with a core standard layer of India boundary
(with states, districts and other major features) as a core Geospatial dataset with appropriate
datum/projections defined – which can be made freely available and accessible for all GIS
activities in the country. The NSF, initially is to be defined equivalent to 1:50k SOI Open Series
Maps (with the available geodetic framework) and also later for 1:10k National GIS Asset (as
and when the next depth of geodetic framework is available) requirement.
Well-integrated into international standardisation efforts of OGC/ISO-TC211 and thus
bringing the 2-way integration of national standards within ISO framework.
No Parameter (All values at 3σ) National GIS Version 1 .0
(1:50,000 Version 2.0 National GIS
(1:10,000
M FRAMEWORK) FRAMEWORK)
Recommended source for National GIS Activities
Satellite images/Mapping Agencies
Satellite images/F resh Mapping
A NATIONAL GIS: SATELLITE IMAGE
STANDARDS
1 Generic/Standard Resolution 5.8m XS or better 5.8m XS or better
2
IRS Image Resolutions recommended for National GIS
5.8 m XS supported by 5 .8 m Pan / XS 2.5 m Pan fused XS
Activities
3 NSF 1:50K National GIS Foundation Dataset
1:10K National GIS Foundation Dataset
4 Projection for image outputs LCC or UTM (TBD) LCC or UTM (TBD)
5 Datum for image products WGS 84 WGS 84
6
Image Frames (geometrically corrected; important for Polygon Polygons
seamlessness)
7
Image Position (Planimetric) Accuracy (0.5 mm of scale) 25 5
in m
8 Band-to-Band Registration for XS data (0.25
pixel) in m ~6 ~1 .5
B NATIONAL GIS: MAP STANDARDS
1 NSF Nation/State Nation/State
2 Minimum Map Frame size for incorporation 15’ X 15’ 3’ 45” X 3’ 45”
7 Output Symbology As per Layer Legend As per Layer Legend
8 National Spatial Framework Accuracy -
Tolerable limits <0 .1% of state or district or
taluk or tile <0 .1% of taluk or tile areas
for area of standard admin units areas
9 Framework Verification
CMT and Weed Tolerance <6 .25 <1 .25
Bound Box As per1:50 NSF As per 1:50 NSF
10 Position (Planimetric) Accuracy- Better than (Or Equal to)
75
15
1.5 mm of scale in m Output to be sampled and
certified for
Output to be sampled and certified
for
position accuracy quality position accuracy quality
11 Thematic Accuracy of Classification/Mapping 90/90 90/90
To be reported from Metadata To be reported from Metadata
12 Minimum Map Unit (MMU) – Not Less than (Or Equal 22500 900
to) (3 x 3 mm of scale) in sq mts
NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE:
Background:
Government of India has notified the establishment of NSDI through a Cabinet
resolution in 2006. One of the objectives of NSDI is to provide metadata access to stake
holders. NSDI also to work on Standards development for Geospatial data covering its entirety.
It includes metadata, web services, content, proposals, exchange formats etc.
India has a vast amount of map information generated through systematic topographic,
geological, soil, cadastral surveys and various natural resources information generated with the
use of the remote sensing data. Encapsulating these maps and images into a National Spatial
Data Infrastructure (NSDI) provide information transparency and sharing, with the recognition
that spatial information is a national resource and citizens, society, private enterprise and
government have a right to access it, appropriately. One of the major elements of the NSDI is
defining common conventions and technical agreements, standards, metadata definitions,
network and access protocols – all of which will make it easily possible for the NSDI to come
into existence.
Metadata is first element of the NSDI – which enables a user to find spatial data that is
available in different NSDI Agency servers. Metadata serves two major purposes – both for
the spatial data generator and for the spatial data user. For the generator, the Metadata provides
a framework to document the spatial data and declare its content for users. For the user,
Metadata serves many important purposes, including finding the spatial data as per need;
browsing spatial data; deciding on whether the spatial data will meet the application need and
finding how the spatial data can be accessed. This Metadata Standard is an important document
that defines the schema and design for the NSDI Metadata.
The working group on Metadata Standard development along with the involvement of
Survey of India (SOI), National Informatics Centre (NIC), Geological Survey of India (GSI),
Forest Survey of India (FSI), National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning
(NBSSLUP), National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO), Central Ground
Water Board (CGWB), Central Water Commission (CWC) and the private sector, has led the
effort of defining a ‘National Metadata Standards’.
Introduction:
NSDI is the national body to facilitate development of standards for metadata
as well as Spatial Data Infrastructure. Broad public participation, will help to ease
these problems and to develop the National user’s system. The NSDI Metadata
Standard, developed with the aim of encouraging applications, and the conditions for
accessing existing data, and to transfer data to a prospective users.
Spatial information generated either through conventional or latest
geoinformatics techniques has played a pivotal role in the sustainable development of
natural resources of the country, in recent times. Considering the importance of
providing information transparency and sharing the data among government and non-
government organisations, academia, industry and citizens at large, it is felt to have
common data standards and metadata definitions.
ISRO has taken the lead to be as chair for working group on ‘Metadata
Standards’. Various issues related to metadata standards were discussed and a decision
has been arrived to upgrade/modify the existing NNRMS-NSDI metadata standards
with respect to international standards recommended by Open Geospatial Consortium.
As per the recommendations of working group on metadata standards, the
existing NNRMS / NSDI metadata standards were reviewed against OGC metadata
standards. The necessity of all 343 elements of OGC metadata and their schema are
checked and finalized the metadata standards with 28 elements (with 9 mandatory
elements and 19 optional elements).
Scope
This NSDI metadata Standard provides a key to the information on the schema which
describes the information about the data and what services need to be given.
Proposed Metadata Standards for NSDI
As per the metadata described above the necessary standards for implementation at
National level by all NSDI agencies have been worked out using existing NNRMS and NRDB
metadata standards. Looking towards the data type available within various organizations
under NSDI the following “Metadata Standards (Table)” is proposed which need to be
implemented for future uses.
Table: Proposed Metadata Standards
Sr. No. Elements Scheme
1. Data
Identification Information
Name of the Dataset
Name of the Data
Theme
Keywords
Access Constraints
Use Constraints
Purpose of Creating Data
Data Type
2 Contact
Information
Contact Person
Organization
Mailing Address
City/Locality
Country
Contact Telephone
Contact Fax
Contact Email
3 Coverage
coverage.x.min
coverage.x.ma
coverage.y.min WGS84LL
coverage.t.late CE date
coverage.t.early
coverage.PlaceName
coverage.PeriodName
coverage.spatial.resolution
coverage.spatial.georeference
coverage.spatial.aggregation
coverage.temporal.precision
coverage.temporal.interval
coverage.temporal.aggregation
coverage.note
coverage.AlternativeMetadata
4
Geographic location of the
dataset (by four coordinates or by description)
Metadata.identificationInfo >
DataIdentification.extent > Extent >
GeographicBoundingBox or GeographicDescription
5. Citation
Data Prepared by
Original Source
Source Scale and Date Mapping
year digitizing year
survey year
Lineage
Associated Project preparing the data
Associated Publications
person.Affiliation person.Email
CorporateName.Address CorporateName
6 Metadata date
stamp Metadata.dateStamp M
ISO08601
7 Type
Data Format
Data File Size
Data Physical Location (Computer + path)
8 Subject subject.specific
subject.domain
9 Description description
description.history
10 Publisher Publisher
publisher.address
11 Dataset
responsible party
Metadata.identificationInfo >
DataIdentification.pointOfContact >
ResponsibleParty
12 Distribution
Format Metadata.distributionInfo > Distribution >
Format
13 On-line resource
Metadata.distributionInfo > Distribution >
DigitalTransferOption.onLine >
OnlineResource
14 Dataset topic
category Metadata.identificationInfo >
DataIdentification.topicCategory
15 Language language ISO0639-2Bsh
16 Abstract
describing the data Metadata.identificationInfo >
DataIdentification.abstract
17 Spatial
representation type Metadata.identificationInfo >
DataIdentification.spatialRepresentationType
18 Spatial resolution
of the dataset
Metadata.identificationInfo >
DataIdentification.spatialResolution >
Resolution.distance
or
Resolution.equivalentScale
19 Reference system
Metadata.referenceSystemInfo >
ReferenceSystem.referenceSystemIdentifier
>RS_Identifier
20 Temporal extent
information for the dataset
Metadata.identificationInfo >
DataIdentification.extent >
Extent.temporalElement
21 Vertical extent information for
the dataset
Metadata.identificationInfo >
DataIdentification.extent >
Extent.verticalElement > VerticalExtent
22 Quicklook Graphic file format / Map in encrypted mode
23 For Image Data
Name of the Satellite
Sensor
Path
Row
Image Acquired From
Date and Time of Image
File Format
Bits per Pixel
Spatial Resolution
Spatial Resolution Unit
Number of Bands
Number of Rows
Number of Cols
Purchased or Obtained on Exchange Basic
24 Rights Rights
25 Team
(organization name„xxxxx‟)
xxxxx.team
xxxxx.expert.commentary
xxxxx.expert.internal_notes
26 Attributes/Entity
and Attribute Entity_and_Attribute_Overview
and/or
Information Entity_and_Attribute_Detailed_Description
if the data includes a database that is not
documented, you are strongly encouraged to
develop the detailed description
27 Projection
Information
Name of Projection
Unit
Projection Parameters
28 Data Quality
Logical_Consistency_Report
Completeness_Report
Process_ Description
Process_Date
Source_Originator
Source_Publication_Date
Source_Title
Source_Online_Linkage
Source_Scale_Denominator
Type_of_Source_Media
Source_Time_Period_of_Content
Source_Currentness_Reference
Source_Citation_Abbreviation
Source_Contribution
• If data assessments performed:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report (if applicable)
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report (if
applicable)
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report (if
applicable)
NSDI NODAL AGENCIES
Sr. Elements Scheme
1 Agency
Agency Code
Agency Name
Agency Acronym
Agency NSDIMgr
AgencyAddress1
AgencyAddress2
AgencyAddress3
Agency NSDIMgrPhone
Agency NSDIMgrFax
Agency NSDIMgrEmail
Agency Website
From the above mentioned table, 9 elements are made “Mandatory and the rest of the
elements are made optional in a meeting held on 19th February, 2009 at NSDI, New Delhi. The details of mandatory elements are as follows along with their schema.
Proposed Metadata Standards for NSDI with Nine essential elements and their schema (Mandatory)
Sr. No. Elements Scheme
1. Data
Identification Information
Name of the Dataset
Name of the Data
Theme
Keywords
Access Constraints
Use Constraints
Purpose of Creating Data
Data Type
2 Contact
Information
Contact Person
Organization
Mailing Address
City/Locality
Country
Contact Telephone
Contact Fax
Contact Email
3 Coverage
coverage.x.min
coverage.x.ma
coverage.y.min WGS84LL
coverage.t.late CE date
coverage.t.early
coverage.PlaceName
coverage.PeriodName
coverage.spatial.resolution
coverage.spatial.georeference
coverage.spatial.aggregation
coverage.temporal.precision
coverage.temporal.interval
coverage.temporal.aggregation
coverage.note
coverage.AlternativeMetadata
4. Citation
Data Prepared by
Original Source
Source Scale and Date Mapping
year digitizing year
survey year
Lineage
Associated Project preparing the data
Associated Publications
person.Affiliation person.Email
CorporateName.Address CorporateName
5. Metadata date
stamp Metadata.dateStamp M
ISO08601
6. Dataset topic
category Metadata.identificationInfo >
DataIdentification.topicCategory
7. Language language ISO0639-2Bsh
8. Abstract
describing the data Metadata.identificationInfo >
DataIdentification.abstract
9. For Image Data
Name of the Satellite
Sensor
Path
Row
Image Acquired From
Date and Time of Image
File Format
Bits per Pixel
Spatial Resolution
Spatial Resolution Unit
Number of Bands
Number of Rows
Number of Cols
Purchased or Obtained on Exchange Basic
OGC
Open Geospatial Consortium:
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) was founded in 1994 to make
geographic information an integral part of the world’s information infrastructure. OGC
members – technology providers and technology users – collaboratively develop open interface
standards and associated encoding standards, and also best practices, that enable developers to
create information systems that can easily exchange “geospatial” information and instructions
with other information systems. Requirements range from complex scheduling and control of
Earth observation satellites to displaying simple map images on the Web and encoding location
in just a few bytes for geo-tagging and messaging. A look at the OGC Domain Working Groups
(http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/wg) shows the wide scope of current activity
in the OGC.
OGC(R) standards are technical documents that detail interfaces or encodings.
Software developers use these documents to build open interfaces and encodings into their
products and services. These standards are the main "products" of the Open Geospatial
Consortium and have been developed by the membership to address specific interoperability
challenges. Ideally, when OGC standards are implemented in products or online services by
two different software engineers working independently, the resulting components plug and
play, that is, they work together without further debugging.
OGC Web Services (OWS) are OGC standards created for use in World Wide Web
applications. Any Schemas (xsd, xslt, etc.) that support an approved (that is, approved by the
OGC membership) OGC standard can be found in the official OGC Schema Repository.
All adopted OGC Implementation Standards can be found in this list: OGC Implementation
Standards List. Many specifications are in the process of being advanced toward adoption by
the OGC membership as official OGC standards.
OpenGIS is the activity pursued by the OGC to form bases of the interoperability
between GIS services such as mapping services, data services, and portrayal services. OpenGIS
tries to achieve its interoperability aims by providing a rich suite of open interface and
implementation specifications. Some of these specifications are used in our GIS project and
explained in detail but the other approved specifications will be mentioned in the chapter
roughly. These interface specifications will enable GIS developers to create interoperable
components.
OGC OpenGIS Specifications enables you to get, mix and match your GIS services
from multiple sources over the web. These sources might be from different vendors and
different geographic areas but they must be implemented according to approved OGC
OpenGIS specifications. The approved OGC specifications are displayed in the Figure.