1/11/2017 1 World History 2017 Mr. Giglio KEY DYNASTIC CONCEPTS • Mandate of Heaven • Dynastic Cycle
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World History 2017Mr. Giglio
KEY DYNASTIC CONCEPTS
• Mandate of Heaven
• Dynastic Cycle
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XIA DYNASTY• 1st of the Chinese dynasties
• Span: 2,100 BC to 1,600 BC
• Established by Yu “the Great”
• Few written records
• First two adhere to policy of Dynastic Secession• Abdication System: future emperors
chosen based on their abilities.• THINK: Why is this unique?
SHANG DYNASTY• succeeded the Xia Dynasty
• Real 1st dynasty?
• Span: 1600 BC -1046 BC• 30 different emperors
• Established by Cheng Tang
• Records come from texts such as the Book of Documents, Bamboo Annals and Records of the Grand Historian.
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SUCCESSES OF THE SHANG DYNASTY• Numerous cultural advances
• industrialized bronze casting• Calendar (365 days/year)• Writing• Musical Instruments Musical instruments (drums, cymbals,
bells, chimes, and bone flutes)• Wheels/Chariots
• Shang were skilled workers in bone, jade, ceramics, stone, wood, shells, and bronze
• Permanent settlements
• Complex irrigation system and flood control.
• Walled Cities
Majority
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ZHOU DYNASTY• Succeeded the Shang Dynasty
• Span: 1046 BC – 256 BC
• Longest-lasting dynasty
• History is divided in 2 periods: • Western Zhou (1046-771 BC) and
Eastern Zhou (770-256 BC)
• Established by Wuwang
• Battle of Muye
• never a wholly unified realm• Feudalism
SUCCESSES OF THE ZHOU DYNASTY• Time of intellectual and artistic awakening
• most influential minds in Chinese intellectual tradition flourished: Laozi, Confucius, Mencius and Mozi
• Economic growth• Use of money• Expanding commerce• Iron
• Population growth
• Military advancement• the Art of War by Sun Tzu
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QIN (CHIN) DYNASTY• Succeeded the Zhou Dynasty
• Warring States period (426-221 BCE)
• Span: 221 BC -206 BC• Brief but important
• Name "China" is derived from the name Qin.
• Founded by Qin Shi Huang
• Han Feizi and Legalism
• Bureaucratic government• 36 provinces
HAN DYNASTY• Succeeded the Qin Dynasty
• Span: 206 BC -220 AD
• Considered a golden age in in arts, politics and technology.
• Liu Bang: first emperor
• Chang’an was the capital• Became the political, economic,
military, and cultural center of China
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SUCCESSES OF THE HAN DYNASTY
TANG DYNASTY• Span: 618-907 AD
• regularly cited as the greatest imperial dynasty• “Golden age” of reform and cultural
advancement
• Tai-tsung and Xuanzong: most notable emperors
• Civil service exams were used to recruit gov’t officials
• Professional Army
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TANG DYNASTY• Many of the most impressive inventions & advancements in
Chinese history come from the Tang Dynasty.• Gunpowder• air conditioning• gas stoves• Printing• Clocks
• Religious tolerance allowed diverse religions (Christianity and Buddhism) to be practiced
• 50,000+ literary works produced
• books became available which led to greater literacy and better jobs for the lower classes
• Public libraries were built
SONG DYNASTY• Span: 960 AD to 1279 AD
• founded by Zhao Kuang-yin (Emperor Taizu)
• Centralized government staffed with civilian officials
• Rise of cities• Hangzhou 400,000+ inhabitants by 1200
• larger than any European city
• Paper money and a unified tax system
• Mercantile Class
• Chinese industrial boom
• first permanent Chinese standing navy
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MING DYNASTY• One of China’s last great dynasties
• Span: 1368 AD to 1644 AD
• founded by Zhu Yuanzhang
• Capital was Beijing
• One of the most stable but most autocraticdynasties• Emperor led• Strong central government• Civil Service system perfected
• Constant clashes with Monguls
• Market economy with lots of outside trade
MING DYNASTY – THE GREAT WALL
• Construction began during Qin rule
• Majority built during Ming rule
• Built to protect against outside invasion
• 5,500.3 miles in length
• Early parts were built using rammed earth, stones, and wood
• Ming’s used bricks
• "This mighty wall… makes a considerable figure upon the terrestrial globe, and may be discerned at the Moon.”
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MING DYNASTY – FORBIDDEN CITY
• Located in the center of Beijing
• Served as the home of emperors and their households
• the complex consists of 980 buildings and covers over 180 acres.
• Home of 24 emperors (14 of the Ming dynasty and 10 of the Qing dynasty)
• Forbidden City ceased being the political center of China in 1912
QING DYNASTY• Last great dynastic empire
• Span: 1644 AD to 1912 AD
• founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria
• overthrown following the Xinhai Revolution (Revolution of 1911) led by Sun Yat-sen
• Emperor served as absolute ruler
• Opium Wars
• Taiping Rebellion