MANCHESTER & LONDON 2007. MODERN ARCHITECTURE By the 1940s these styles had been consolidated and identified as the International style and became the.

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LONDONLONDON

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MODERN ARCHITECTUREMODERN ARCHITECTUREMODERN ARCHITECTUREMODERN ARCHITECTURE

By the By the 1940s1940s these styles had been consolidated and these styles had been consolidated and identified as the International style and became the identified as the International style and became the dominant architectural style for institutional and dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate building for several decades in the 20th corporate building for several decades in the 20th century.century.Modern architecture originated in the United States and Modern architecture originated in the United States and Europe and it spread from there to the rest of the world.Europe and it spread from there to the rest of the world.This architecture expressed the spirit of a new age and This architecture expressed the spirit of a new age and would surpass the style of earlier architecture. It would surpass the style of earlier architecture. It developed in two materials: iron and concrete, that developed in two materials: iron and concrete, that formed the technological basis for much modern formed the technological basis for much modern architecture. So this one of the element that links architecture. So this one of the element that links science to modern art.science to modern art.

By the By the 1940s1940s these styles had been consolidated and these styles had been consolidated and identified as the International style and became the identified as the International style and became the dominant architectural style for institutional and dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate building for several decades in the 20th corporate building for several decades in the 20th century.century.Modern architecture originated in the United States and Modern architecture originated in the United States and Europe and it spread from there to the rest of the world.Europe and it spread from there to the rest of the world.This architecture expressed the spirit of a new age and This architecture expressed the spirit of a new age and would surpass the style of earlier architecture. It would surpass the style of earlier architecture. It developed in two materials: iron and concrete, that developed in two materials: iron and concrete, that formed the technological basis for much modern formed the technological basis for much modern architecture. So this one of the element that links architecture. So this one of the element that links science to modern art.science to modern art.

NORMAN FOSTERNORMAN FOSTERNORMAN FOSTERNORMAN FOSTERSir Norman Foster was Sir Norman Foster was born in Manchester in born in Manchester in 1935 and he studied at 1935 and he studied at Manchester University Manchester University school. He is school. He is recognised as one of recognised as one of the world's leading the world's leading architects. In 1967 architects. In 1967 Norman Foster and Norman Foster and Wendy Foster Wendy Foster established Foster established Foster Associates after Associates after several years of several years of working with Richard working with Richard Rogers; the associates Rogers; the associates have worked recently have worked recently in Japan, France, in Japan, France, Germany and Spain.Germany and Spain.Norman Foster has Norman Foster has created a new created a new architecture and he architecture and he has declared has declared "Architecture is about "Architecture is about people and the quality people and the quality of life".of life".

ST. MARY AXESt. Mary Axe is a St. Mary Axe is a

building in London's building in London's main financial district, main financial district, the city of London. It is the city of London. It is known also as "Gherkin"; known also as "Gherkin"; or just "Swiss Re". or just "Swiss Re". Indeed the primary Indeed the primary occupant of the building occupant of the building is the Swiss Re, a global is the Swiss Re, a global reinasurance company. reinasurance company. The name of this The name of this company lends itself to company lends itself to another nickname for another nickname for this building: "Swiss Re this building: "Swiss Re Tower".Tower".

It is 180 m tall, and so It is 180 m tall, and so it is the second tallest it is the second tallest building in the city of building in the city of London. It has 40 London. It has 40 floors with offices, floors with offices, bars and an exclusive bars and an exclusive restaurant. The restaurant. The design is by Foster design is by Foster and Partners and it and Partners and it was constructed was constructed between between 20012001 and and 20042004..

LONDON STANSTED AIRPORT

Foster Associates 1991This building is important This building is important because of the work of Foster because of the work of Foster Associates and its structure Associates and its structure allows passenger to enter allows passenger to enter from two different entrance, from two different entrance, avoiding any hoard.avoiding any hoard.Stansted airport is a large Stansted airport is a large passenger airport with a passenger airport with a single runway single runway for a number for a number of major European low-cost of major European low-cost airlines. It is located in the airlines. It is located in the Uttlesford District of the Uttlesford District of the English County of Essex English County of Essex about 30 miles (48 km) far about 30 miles (48 km) far from London.from London.It was built in 1942 by the It was built in 1942 by the American Army as base for American Army as base for bombers.bombers.It has also a railway station It has also a railway station under the terminal, which under the terminal, which each 15 minutes has a link each 15 minutes has a link with Liverpool Street Station with Liverpool Street Station of London (Stansted of London (Stansted Express).Express).

WEMBLEY STADIUMWEMBLEY STADIUM

Another project of Foster and Partners Another project of Foster and Partners Association is the design of Wembley Association is the design of Wembley Stadium, a football stadium in London. It was Stadium, a football stadium in London. It was the most expensive stadium ever built. It has the most expensive stadium ever built. It has the second largest capacity in Europe and it is the second largest capacity in Europe and it is the largest roof-covered stadium in the world. the largest roof-covered stadium in the world. The previous Wembley Stadium was one of The previous Wembley Stadium was one of the world's most famous football stadiums. It the world's most famous football stadiums. It was closed in October 2000 and was was closed in October 2000 and was demolished in 2002, when the construction of demolished in 2002, when the construction of the new stadium began, intended to open in the new stadium began, intended to open in 2006 but really opened in March 2007. The 2006 but really opened in March 2007. The first match was an under 21 between England first match was an under 21 between England and Italy.and Italy.

MILLENNIUM BRIDGEMILLENNIUM BRIDGEFoster and Partners 2001Foster and Partners 2001 The Millennium Bridge is the The Millennium Bridge is the

first new bridge across the first new bridge across the river Thames in London since river Thames in London since Tower Bridge, and it is the Tower Bridge, and it is the first designed for pedestrians first designed for pedestrians only. The bridge links the city only. The bridge links the city of London near St. Paul's of London near St. Paul's Cathedral with the Tate Cathedral with the Tate Modern. When the bridge Modern. When the bridge opened a huge number of opened a huge number of people crossed it producing a people crossed it producing a sway movement; in order to sway movement; in order to this resolve this problem was this resolve this problem was taken the decision to close taken the decision to close the bridge, that was the bridge, that was reopened on February 2002. reopened on February 2002. The bridge celebrates and The bridge celebrates and encourages human encourages human movement-free traffic and movement-free traffic and accessible to everyone. It accessible to everyone. It provides a key pedestrian provides a key pedestrian link and a place to link and a place to promenade while enjoying promenade while enjoying panoramic views of the city.panoramic views of the city.

PRODUCED BY: GROUP TWOPRODUCED BY: GROUP TWO

AriannaAriannaMariachiaraMariachiaraNunziaNunziaPamelaPamelaRaffaellaRaffaella

SPECIAL THANKS:SPECIAL THANKS:

All our teachers, and you, Guys!All our teachers, and you, Guys!

Don’t Forget The Great Time We Had!Don’t Forget The Great Time We Had!