8/20/2019 Manastiri Si Biserici Din Romania http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manastiri-si-biserici-din-romania 1/97 B i s e r i c i o n a s t e r Monasteries and Churches of Romania M~n~stiri [i biserici din România Moldavia and Bukowina Moldova [i Bucovina
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Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Na]ionale a RomânieiGheorghiu, MihaiM~n~stiri din România: Moldova [i Bucovina / text [i legend~:Mihai Gheorghiu, Valeriu Cimpoeru; foto.: Dan Ioan Dinescu,Mircea Savu, ßtefan Petrescu; grafic~: Ovidiu Morar, Mihaela Dulea;trad.: Alina Cârâc.-Bucure[ti: NOI Media Print, 2005
ISBN: 973-7959-20-5
I. Cimpoeru, ValeriuII. Dinescu, Dan Ioan (foto.)III. Savu, Mircea (foto.)IV. Petrescu, ßtefan (foto.)V. Morar, Ovidiu (graf.)VI. Dulea, Mihaela (graf.)VII. Cârâc, Alina (trad.)
Ctitorie [i necropol~ a voievoduluißtefan cel Mare, centru artistic [ic~rtur~resc. Construit~ \n 1466-1469,ca m~n~stire fortificat~, a fost ref~cut~
\n 1472, \n urma unui incendiu. Pustiit~de mai multe ori [i reconstruit~ \n1966-1988, ea nu mai p~streaz~ dinepoca lui ßtefan cel Mare decât TurnulTezaurului (1481). Muzeul m~n~stiriiposed~ o bogat~ colec]ie de broderiireligioase vechi, manuscrise miniate [iobiecte de cult.
De dimensiuni impun~toare,biserica m~n~stirii, cu hramul AdormireaMaicii Domnului, a fost ridicat~ \ntre1654 [i 1662 de domnitorii Vasile Lupu[i Gheorghe ßtefan. Edificiul reia planulbisericii ini]iale: plan treflat, cu propor]iialungite, având 37m lungime, 15ml~]ime \n dreptul absidelor laterale [i33 m \n~l]ime. Interiorul este \mp~r]it
\ntre tinda dreptunghiular~, pronaosulp~trat, camera mormintelor, dreptun-ghiular~, desp~r]it~ de naos prin dou~coloane, naosul p~trat, prelungit lateral
de absida secundar~, [i altarul din absidaprincipal~.Biserica ad~poste[te mormântul lui
ßtefan cel Mare [i pe cele ale urma[ilors~i, pân~ la Petru Rare[.
Biserica M~n~stirii Putna,v~zut~ dinspre sud-vest
The church of the Putna Monastery,
seen from the southwest
M~n~stirea Putna
Litografie color de Knapp Franz
Xavier,1859-1860.
The Putna MonasteryColoured litography
Knapp Franz Xavier, 1859-1860.
Foundation and necropolis of RulerStephen the Great, a center of arts andletters, Putna was erected between 1466and 1469 as a fortified monastery, andthen retouched in 1472, following a fire.Laid waste several times, it was rebuiltbetween 1966 and 1988, the onlyelement preserved from the time ofStephen the Great being the TreasuryTower (1481). The monastery’s museumboasts a rich collection of old religiousembroideries, illuminated manuscripts,and objects of cult.
Between 1654 and 1662, RulersVasile Lupu and Gheorghe Stefan erectedthe Dormition of the Virgin Church, soimpressive in size, on a design similar toan older one. The church of the PutnaMonastery is built on a trefoiled design ofprolonged sizes, 37 m long and 15mwide at the lateral apses, and 33m high.The interior features the rectangularporch, the square pronaos, therectangular mortuary separated from thenaos by two columns, the square naos
that goes laterally to the secondary apse,and the altar in the main apse.The abode shelters the tombs of
Stephen the Great and his descendants,down to Petru Rares.
A fost ctitorit~ \n secolul al XIV-lea,mai \ntâi de Petru Mu[at, apoi deAlexandru cel Bun. çn incinta m~n~stiriisunt dou~ biserici [i dou~ paraclise:Biserica mare çn~l]area Domnului (secolulal XV-lea) [i Biserica Sfântul Gheorghe(secolul al XIX-lea), paraclisele BunaVestire (secolul al XVI-lea) [i AdormireaMaicii Domnului (secolul al XVIII-lea).
Biserica mare \ncununeaz~ prinarhitectura sa stilul moldovenesc ini]iat \nepoca lui ßtefan cel Mare. Este unmonument arhitectonic impresionant,sintez~ a tuturor elementelor arhitecturiimoldovene[ti, apogeu al arhitecturiireligioase a epocii. Pictura original~ s-amai p~strat \n altar, naos [i cameramormintelor; \n pridvor [i pronaos,pictura dateaz~ din timpul lui PetruRare[. Ultima restaurare, realizat~ \ntreanii 1954 [i 1961, a readus la formaini]ial~ biserica lui ßtefan [i cetatea.Biserica este caracterizat~ de elegan]~,armonie a propor]iilor, ingeniozitate asolu]iilor arhitectonice, armonia
combina]iilor cu elemente arhitecturalegotice.A[ez~mântul posed~ cea mai mare
bibliotec~ m~n~stireasc~ (18 000volume, incluzând manuscrise de marevaloare) [i un muzeu cu o valoroas~colec]ie de art~ bisericeasc~.
This abode was founded in the 14th
century first under the care of PetruMusat and then of Alexander the Kind.Within the monastery complex there aretwo churches and two chapels: the bigAscension Church (the 15th century), theSt. George Church (the 19th century), thechapels The Annunciation (the 16th
century) and The Dormition (the 18th
century).The architecture of the big church is
in Moldavian style dating from the timeof Stephen the Great. An impressivemonument of architecture, the churchachieves a synthesis of all the elementsof Moldavian architecture, being anacme of the religious art at that time.Original paintings have been preservedin the altar, naos and mortuary, whilethe paintings of the porch and thepronaos go back to the time of PetruRares. The latest restoration works,carried out between 1954 and 1961,returned Stephen’s church and thefortress to their former looks. Elegant, of
harmonious proportions, the church alsoevinces harmonious Gothic borrowings.The abode boasts the biggest
monastery library (18.000 volumes,including highly valuable manuscripts)and a museum with a priceless collectionof religious art.
O parte din incinta m~n~stirii, cu bisericile
çn~l]area Domnului (secolul al XV-lea) [i
Sfântul Gheorghe (secolul al XIX-lea)
Vedere dinspre sud-vest.
Parts of the monastery precincts with the
Ascension Church (15th
century) and SaintGeorge Church (19th century)
View from the south-west.
M~n~stirea Neam], vedere aerian~Prim-plan cu aghiazmatarul.
Este ctitoria lui Bogdan al III-lea, fiullui ßtefan cel Mare (1514), fiindterminat~ de ßtef~ni]~ Vod~, nepotulmarelui voievod, urmând apoi, „de subferestre \n sus”, a fi zugr~vit~ lacomanda lui Petru Rare[ (1532-1534),pridvorul fiind ad~ugat de Petrußchiopul, la 1579.
Biserica, cu hramul SfântuluiGheorghe, \n form~ de nav~ [i cu pridvorcu intrare lateral~, nu [i-a schimbat preamult \nf~]i[area de-a lungul timpului;doar acoperi[ul, ini]ial din plumb, a fost
\nlocuit la sfâr[itul secolului al XIX-lea, cuunul de ]igl~ multicolor~. Pictura dateaz~din timpul lui ßtef~ni]~-Vod~, iar pefa]ada sudic~ se p~streaz~ [i picturaexterioar~.
Numele de Sfântul Ioan cel Nou vinede la moa[tele acestui sfânt ad~postiteaici; ele au fost aduse de la Cetatea Alb~la Suceava \n 1402 de Alexandru cel Bun,unde Ioan din Trapezunt a fost martirizat
\n 1303. M~n~stirea a fost \nfiin]at~dup~ 1783, când au fost readuse aici
moa[tele Sfântului Ioan cel Nou, duse demitropolitul Dosoftei \n pribegia sa dinPolonia.
A[ez~mântul are o organizareadecvat~ catedralelor mitropolitane, fiindre[edin]a Arhiescopiei Sucevei [i aR~d~u]ilor [i a doua re[edin]~ amitroplitului Moldovei.
It is the foundation of Bogdan III,son of Stephen the Great (1514), and itwas finished by Ruler Stefanita, nephewof the great prince. Then it was painted”from the windows upwards” upon theorders of Ruler Petru Rares (1532-1534),while the porch was added under Peterthe Lame, in 1579.
The church, dedicated to SaintGeorge, in the shape of a nave, has aporch with a lateral entrance. It hasremained unchanged over the centuries.Only the roof, initially made of lead, wasreplaced in the 19th century withmulticolored tiles. The painting datesfrom the reign of Ruler Stefanita, and thesouthern fa∆ade still features the originalfrescoes.
The name of Saint John the Newcomes from the relics of this saint,housed by the religious abode. In 1402,Alexander the Kind brought them toSuceava from Cetatea Alba where Johnof Trebizond was martyred in 1303. Themonastery was set up after 1783 when
the relics of Saint John the New werebrought over after having been taken bymetropolitan bishop Dosoftei, exiled toPoland.
The abode is organized inconformity with the rules formetropolitan cathedrals, being the seatof the Suceava and RadautiArchbishopric and the second residenceof the metropolitan bishop of Moldavia.
M~n~stirea Sfântul Ioan cel NouVedere aerian~ dinspre sud.
The Saint John the New Monastery
Bird’s eye view from the south.
Biserica Sfântul Gheorghe dup~ restaurare
Acoperi[ul din plumb a fost \nlocuit cu ]igle
multicolore. Fotografie interbelic~.
The Saint George Church after restorationMulticolored tiles replaced the lead roof.
Interbellum photo.
The Saint John the New MonasteryM~n~stirea Sfântul Ioan cel Nou
The abode was built under RulerStephen the Great, in 1488, moreexactly in three months and 21 days.
Being dedicated to Saint George,the church is famous for its outer andinner frescoes created between 1534and 1535, during the reign of PetruRares. The paintings, on a light bluebackground (the celebrated ”Voronetblue”) are monumental, clear andrigorously composed.
In 1547, metropolitan GrigorieRosca added a closed porch, painted bymaster Marcu. The pronaos waspainted in 1550.
Disbanded in 1986, the monasterywas reestablished after 1989 and nowis a UNESCO world heritagemonument.
A fost ctitorit~ de voievodul ßtefancel Mare \n anul 1488, fiind construit~ \ntrei luni [i 21 de zile.
Biserica, cu hramul SfântuluiGheorghe, este celebr~ prin picturaexterioar~ [i interioar~, executat~ \n1534-1535, \n timpul lui Petru Rare[.Picturile, realizate pe un fond albastrudeschis (vestitul „albastru de Vorone]“),se caracterizeaz~ prin monumentalitate,claritate [i rigoare compozi]ional~.
çn 1547, mitropolitul Grigorie Ro[caa ad~ugat bisericii un pridvor \nchis, carea fost pictat la exterior de me[terulMarcu; pronaosul a fost pictat \n 1550.
Desfiin]at~ \n anul 1986,m~n~stirea a fost re\nfiin]at~ dup~1989, fiind \n prezent un monumentUNESCO.
23
Biserica M~n~stirii Vorone]Judecata de Apoi, fresc~ de pe fa]ada
Jud ecat a de Apoi, fresc~ de pe fa]ada de vest a bisericii (1534-1535)
Compozi]ie impresionant~, acoperind tot peretele de vest al pridvorului. Tema este prezent~ \n toate picturile murale ale bisericilor bucovinene, având o
semnifica]ie teologic~ major~. În imagine sunt reprezentate por]ile Raiului cu Cel Vechi de Zile, \ncadrat de semnele zodiacului (centru, sus). çn planul inferior un
registru \l înf~]i[eaz~ pe Iisus ca judec~tor suprem (centru), încadrat de Fecioara Maria [i Ioan Botez~torul ca intercesori. De o parte [i de alta, pe b~nci, se afl~apostolii, veghea]i de cete de \ngeri. În registrul urm~tor, elementul central este tronul Hetimasiei, la picioarele c~ruia au \ngenuncheat Adam [i Eva. În stânga
tronului se afl~ cetele drep]ilor, \n dreapta cetele nelegiui]ilor, formate din necredincio[i evrei, turci, t~tari [i armeni, (ceea ce este o inova]ie a epocii lui Petru
Rare[, care aduce pentru prima dat~ \n figura]ie elementul etnic pentru caracterizarea cetei p~c~to[ilor). În registrul urm~tor sunt reprezentate c~ile pe care
The Las t Judgement , frescoe on the western fa∆ade of the church (1534-1535)
An impressive composition that covers the whole western wall of the porch. The theme is present in all the murals of Bukovina churches, having a major
theological significance. The picture presents the gates of Heaven with the Ancient of days surrounded by the signs of the zodiac (center up), followed, in a
lower register, by Jesus as the supreme judge (center), with the Virgin and John the Baptist as intercessors, on the right and on the left. On both sides, onbenches, there are the apostles guarded by groups of angels. The next register presents the Hetoimasia throne in the middle, with Adam and Eve kneeling.
On the left of the throne there stand the righteous, and on the left the sinners, including the heathen, the Jews, the Turks, the Tartars and the Armenians
(the ethnic element used to describe the sinners is an innovation dating from the time of Petru Rares). The next register presents the two paths followed by
the two groups: the path to Heaven (for the righteous), and that of Hell (for the evil).
Biserica m~n~stirii a fostconstruit~ la 1503 de Luca Arbore,portarul Sucevei, ca paraclis al cur]ilorsale [i ca loc de \nmormântare pentruneamul s~u.
Pictura bisericii a fost executat~ deDrago[ Coman \n 1541, un zugravremarcabil, fiul unui preot din Ia[i.Pictura este monumental~, cu uncolorit dominat de o nuan]~ de verdealb~strui ceruleum.
Luca Arbore, gatekeeper ofSuceava erected the church of themonastery in 1503 as a chapel for hiscourt, and repository for his family.
Dragos Coman, a remarkableartist, the son of a priest from Iasi,painted the church, in 1541. It is amonumental composition where blue-green (cerulean) prevails.
Ruler Stephen the Great (1503-1504) built it, while the painting wasexecuted later, (1527-1531), duringthe reign of Petru Rares. Theiconography contains in the bud thewhole program of outer churchpainting to be carried out later.
The church dedicated to theAnnunciation is majestically monu-mental, and it was restored to its initialform in 1975. This is a construction inMoldavian style with a rectangulardesign. The turrets were removedduring the restoration process, whenthe church was covered in coppersheet. The lateral walls have threebuttresses on each side.
Este o ctitorie a voievodului ßtefancel Mare (1503-1504), pictura fiindexecutat~ mai târziu (1527-1531), \ntimpul lui Petru Rare[. Programuliconografic cuprinde aici \ntr-o form~embrionar~ programul picturiiexterioare al bisericilor ce vor fi \n~l]atemai târziu.
Biserica cu hramul „PogorâreaSfântului Duh“, construc]ie de omaiestuoas~ monumentalitate, a fostrestaurat~ [i adus~ la forma ini]ial~ \n1975. Este realizat~ \n stilmoldovenesc, dup~ un plandreptunghiular. Turlele au fost
\nl~turate cu prilejul restaur~rii, bisericafiind acoperit~ cu \nvelitoare de tabl~de cupru. Pere]ii laterali au ca \nt~rituritrei contrafor]i pe fiecare latur~.
The Dobrovat MonasteryM~n~stirea Dobrov~]
Turnul por]ii, cu decora]ii baroc-
moldovene[ti (secolul al XVIII-lea)
Gate tower, with decorations inthe Moldavian-Baroque style
A fost ctitorit~ de Petru Rare[ \n1532 (lâng~ ruinele m~n~stirii fondate
\n 1402-1410 de Alexandru cel Bun), \nforma \n care se p~streaz~ ast~zi:Biserica Buna Vestire, chiliile [i casadomneasc~, \nconjurat~ de ziduriputernice cu turnuri de ap~rare. çn1612, mitropolitul Efrem a ref~cutincinta fortificat~, \n~l]ând, \n col]ul denord-vest o clisiarni]~, care ad~poste[teast~zi muzeul m~n~stirii.
Biserica, având toate caracterelearhitecturale statornicite \n Moldova pevremea lui ßtefan cel Mare, plus unpridvor deschis, este pictat~ \n interior[i la exterior (1537).
Pridvorul se deschide cu treiarcade mari \n arc frânt pe peretelevestic, câte o arcad~ pe cel de sud [i celde nord. çn imagine este vizibil [ipronaosul dreptunghiular, cu câtedou~ ferestre mari, \n arc frânt, pepere]ii de sud [i de nord. Turla se \nal]~pe o baz~ dublu stelat~, elementspecific stilului moldovenesc. Plastica
ornamental~ combin~ elemente degotic târziu [i renascentiste. Estemonument UNESCO.
Built by Petru Rares, in 1532 (closeto the ruins of the monastery foundedbetween 1402 and 1410 by Alexanderthe Kind), the complex as it is todayfeatures the Annunciation Church, thecells and the princely residencesurrounded by powerful defense towers.In 1612, metropolitan bishop Efremrebuilt the fortified precincts and erecteda treasury in the northwestern corner,which today houses the museum of themonastery.
The church, with all its architecturalcharacteristics established during thetime of Stephen the Great, also includesan open porch, and is painted on theinside and the outside (1537).
The church porch opens into threebig pointed arcades on the western wall,and an arcade on each of the southernand the northern walls. Also visible arethe rectangular pronaos with two bigwindows on the southern and northernwall. The turret of the church raises froma doubly starred foundation, a specific
element of the Moldavian style. Theornaments combine late Gothic andRenaissance elements. The abode is aUNESCO world heritage site.
35
Fragment din fa]ada sudic~ a bisericiicu pridvorul deschis
A fost \ntemeiat~ la \nceputulsecolului al XV-lea de vornicul Oan~ [irectitorit~ \n 1530 de logof~tul TeodorBubuiog. Biserica actual~, cu hramulSfântului Gheorghe, f~r~ turle [i cupridvor deschis, a fost pictat~ \n
\ntregime, atât \n interior cât [i laexterior, \n 1535 de zugravul Toma dinSuceava. Turnul clopotni]ei a fostconstruit \n 1641.
Din punct de vedere arhitectural,biserica este format~ din: pridvordeschis, pronaos, naos [i altar. çntrepronaos [i naos este situat~ cameramormintelor. Pentru prima dat~ \narhitectura religioas~ moldoveneasc~apare pridvorul deschis. De asemenea,tot pentru prima oar~ aparediaconiconul (camera odoarelor), \npartea de nord-vest. Eleva]ia bisericiisurprinde prin eliminarea turlei de penaos; \n locul ei, boltirea se face printr-o calot~ sprijinit~ pe arce suprapuse, ca
\n mai vechile biser ici, ctitorite deßtefan cel Mare, de la Borze[ti [i
R~zboieni. M~n~stirea figureaz~ pelista monumentelor UNESCO.
It was founded in the early 15 th
century by High Steward Oana andretouched in 1530 by Chancellor TeodorBubuiog. The present church, dedicatedto Saint George, without turrets andwith an open porch, was painted bothon the outside and the inside in 1535 byartist Toma of Suceava. The belfry towerwas erected in 1641.
Architecturally, the church is madeup of an open porch, pronaos, naos,and altar. Between the pronaos and thenaos, there is the mortuary. It is for thefirst time in Moldavian religiousarchitecture that we see an open porch.Likewise, it is also for the first time thatwe have a diaconicon (treasure room),on the northwestern side of the church.The elevation of the church is surprisingas it has eliminated the turret on thenaos; instead the vaulting is achieved bya dome supported on superposedarches like in the older churches erectedby Stephen the Great at Borzesti andRazboieni. The monastery is featured on
This above was erected between1581 and 1601 by the Movila brothers:Minister of Justice Ieremia and Simion,future princes, and Gheorghe,metropolitan bishop of Suceava. Themonastery has spacious quadrilateralprecincts surrounded by high walls,strengthened by massive corner towersand a gate tower housing the chapel,then the monastic buildings, and thechurch.
Built on a long design, consistingof a trefoiled naos, vault, pronaos and
closed porch (with two open porchesadded to the north and southentrances), the church stands out by itselegant architecture and the richness ofthe paintings decorating it on theinside and on the outside. These arethe creation of artist Ion and hisbrother Sofronie, before 1596.Sucevita Monastery is included on theUNESCO world heritage list.
Este o ctitorie din anii 1581-1601a fra]ilor Movil~: vornicul Ieremia [ipaharnicul Simion, viitori domni, [iGheorghe, mitropolit al Sucevei.M~n~stirea este alc~tuit~ dintr-ospa]ioas~ incint~ \n form~ depatrulater, \nconjurat~ de ziduri \nalte,
\nt~rite cu masive turnuri de col] [i cuturnul por]ii, \n care se afl~ paraclisuldin cl~dirile monastice [i din biseric~.
Cu un plan alungit, comparti-mentat \n naos triconc, gropni]~,pronaos [i pridvor \nchis (cu alte dou~
pridvoare deschise ad~ugate la intr~rilede nord [i sud), biserica se remarc~ prinelegan]a formelor arhitectonice [ibog~]ia picturilor care \mpodobesc atâtinteriorul cât [i exteriorul s~u; ele aufost realizate de zugravul Ion [i frateles~u Sofronie, \nainte de 1596.M~n~stirea Sucevi]a este inclus~ deUNESCO \n lista patrimoniului culturalmondial.
51
Vedere panoramic~ a m~n~stirii
Panoramic view of the monastery
Biserica M~n~stirii Sucevi]aPictur~ mural~ pe absida de nord.
M~n~stirea are patru ctitorivoievozi mu[atini: Alexandru cel Bun,ßtefan cel Mare, Petru Rare[ [iAlexandru L~pu[neanu. A fost
\ntemeiat~ \nainte de 1407, iar \ntre1541 [i 1546 Petru Rare[ a consolidatbiserica lui Alexandru cel Bun. Aceastaa fost reconstruit~ integral \n 1554.Pictura \n ulei dateaz~ din 1814.M~n~stirea a fost restaurat~ \ntre anii1969 [i 1983, aducându-i-se multe [iimportante \mbun~t~]iri; numaipridvorul p~streaz~ fragmente dinpictura original~. Incinta are form~p~trat~, fiind protejat~ de ziduriputernice de piatr~ [i o \n~l]ime ini]ial~de aproximativ 4m, prev~zute cumetereze [i drum de straj~. Intrareaprincipal~ este situat~ pe latura sudic~.La nord se afl~ turnul clopotni]ei ziditde ßtefan cel Mare \n 1498, dup~victoria din Codrii Cosminului.
The monastery was founded byfour princes of the Musat dynasty:Alexander the Kind, Stephen the Great,Petru Rares and Alexandru Lapusneanu.Founded before 1407, between 1541and 1546 Petru Rares consolidated thework of Alexander the Kind. In 1554,the whole abode was built anew. The oilpainting dates to 1814. The monasterywas restored between 1969 and 1983,when several important improvementswere made. Only the porch preservessome original paintings. Rectangular inshape, the monastery precincts areprotected by strong stone walls, initiallyfour meters high, provided withbattlements and a sentry path. The mainentrance is situated on the southernside. The belfry tower stands on thenorthern side, and it was erected byStephen the Great in 1498, after thevictory at Codrii Cosminului.
M~n~stirea Galata a fost ctitorit~de domnitorul Petru ßchiopul [i arehramul \n~l]~rii Domnului, fiind sfin]it~
\n 1584.Biserica m~n~stirii este o
remarcabil~ realizare arhitectonic~, cumulte elemente de noutate [i totodat~o sintez~ a influen]elor bizantino-muntene [i a elementelor tradi]ieimoldovene[ti. Caracteristice pentruGalata sunt: \nlocuirea peretelui dintregropni]~ [i naos cu trei arcade sus]inutede coloane, apari]ia turlei secundarepeste pronaos, brâul median care
\mparte fa]ada \n dou~, iluminareaabsidelor cu trei ferestre. Picturaoriginal~ a bisericii, inclusiv fresceleinterioare, nu s-a p~strat, fiind distrus~laolalt~ cu catapeteasma \n incediul din1762. S-a p~strat totu[i tabloul votivcare \l \nf~]i[eaz~ pe Petru ßchiopul.
Casa domneasc~ a fost zidit~, deasemenea, de domnitorul Petrußchiopul (\n secolul al XVIII-lea i s-aad~ugat etajul). Ast~zi cl~direa este
restaurat~ [i ad~poste[te muzeulm~n~stirii.
Galata Monastery was founded byRuler Peter the Lame, was dedicated tothe Ascension of the Lord, and washallowed in 1584.
The monastery church is anoutstanding architectural feat, withmany novel elements, and at the sametime a synthesis of Byzantine, Wallachianinfluences, and Moldavian traditionalelements. Characteristic for Galata is thereplacement of the wall between themortuary and the naos with threearcades supported by columns, thesecondary turret over the pronaos, themiddle girdle that separates the fa∆adeinto two, and the illumination of theapses by three windows. The originalpaintings of the church, the interiorfrescoes included, have not beenpreserved, being destroyed alongside thealtar screen in the 1762 fire. A votiveportrait has come down to us featuringPeter the Lame.
Ruler Peter the Lame also erectedtthe princely house (another floor was
added in the 18th
century). Today thebuilding has been restored and it housesthe museum of the monastery.
Este o ctitorie din 1606-1609 amitropolitului Anastasie Crimca.Biserica Mare (datând din 1609), \nform~ de nav~, uime[te prin bog~]iadecora]iei sculptate. Puternica incint~fortificat~, cu ziduri \nalte [i turnurimasive, a fost construit~ de domnitorulMiron Barnovschi \n 1627.
Silueta bisericii demonstreaz~ o cutotul alt~ vârst~ a arhitecturii religioase
\n Moldova. Caracteristic ile stiluluimoldovenesc sunt p~strate, dar apardiferen]e notabile fa]~ de bisericile desecol XVI; planul nu mai este triconc,dreptunghiul naosului este prelung [ise continu~ cu absida principal~ la est.Biserica prezint~ câteva elementespecifice, care nu se mai reg~sesc la niciun alt monument: brâul a[ezat la
jum~tatea \n~l]imii bisericii , caresubliniaz~ zvelte]ea construc]iei,folosirea pietrei brute, a pietrei netede[i a celei sculptate \n zone diferen]iateale paramentului.
It was built between 1606 and1609 by metropolitan bishop AnastasieCrimca. The big nave-shaped church(dating from 1609), has an amazingsculptural decoration. Ruler MironBarnovschi built these powerful fortifiedprecincts, with tall walls and massivetowers, in 1627.
The silhouette of the church pointsto an entirely different age of religiousarchitecture in Moldavia. Thecharacteristics of the Moldavian style arestill visible, but with notable differencesas to the 16th century monasteries. Thechurch design is no longer trefoiled, thenaos rectangle is long and continued bythe main apse to the east. The churchfeatures several specific elements not tobe found in any other monument: thegirdle at mid height, which furtheraccentuates the tallness of theconstruction, the use of raw stone, ofsmooth and sculpted stone in differentareas of the wall facing.
\ntregime din piatr~, are fa]adeleacoperite de o fastuoas~ decora]iesculptat~ ca o minu]ioas~ dantel~, ini]ialaurit~. Interiorul impresioneaz~ [i el prinbog~]ia decora]iei [i a concep]ieiarhitecturale. Avariat~ de-a lungulsecolelor de incendii [i cutremure,biserica a fost restaurat~ \n 1882-1890de arhitectul Lecomte de Nouy, care aadus l~ca[ului o serie de modific~ri.Biserica ad~poste[te moa[tele CuvioaseiParaschiva (aduse pentru prima dat~ la
13 iunie 1641) iar \n ni[ele sepulcrale seafl~ osemintele lui Dimitrie Cantemir,mare c~rturar [i domnitor al Moldovei(1710-1711) [i ale lui Alexandru IoanCuza, primul domnitor al PrincipatelorRomâne Unite (1859-1866).
Biserica m~n~stiriiO broderie de piatr~ sculptat~ acoper~
\n \ntregime cl~direa.
The church of the Monastery
An embroidery of sculpted stone covers
the building entirely.
Biserica m~n~stirii
Vedere dinspre nord.
The monastery church
View from the north.
The Holy Three Hierarchs is a gemof the Moldavian 17th century art. This isa foundation of Ruler Vasile Lupu, builtbetween 1635 and 1639. Between1641 and 1642, Russian painters LidorPopeev, Iakov Gavrilov, Deiko Iakovlev,and Pronka Nikitin, as well as Romanianartists finished the decoration of theHoly Three Hierarchs. In 1646, themonastery was dedicated to the Greekmonks on Mount Athos.
The church, a unique monument ofRomanian medieval art, is a masterpieceof architecture. Built entirely in stone, itsfa∆ades are covered with a majesticembroidery in stone, initially gilded. Theinterior is also impressive by its richdecoration and the architectural design.Damaged over the centuries byearthquakes and fires, the monumentwas restored between 1882 and 1890by architect Lecomte de Nouy, whomade several modifications to theconstruction. The church shelters therelics of the Holy Paraschiva (brought
here for the first time on June 13, 1641).In the sepulchral niches, there rest RulerDimitrie Cantemir, a great scholar Rulerwho ruled Moldavia between 1710 and1711, and of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, thefirst ruler of the United RomanianPrincipalities (1859-1866).
The Holy Three Hierarchs MonasteryM~n~stirea Sfin]ii Trei Ierarhi
It was built between 1668-1672 atRuler Gheorghe Duca’s initiative. Thetrilobate church, with turrets on thenaos and the pronaos, features on thefa∆ades simplified decorative elementsinspired from the Holy Three HierarchsChurch of Iasi. Two turrets on a starfoundation, specific for the Moldavianstyle, rise above the pronaos and thenaos. In point of architecture, theCetatuia is a sober copy of the HolyThree Hierarchs, founded by RulerVasile Lupu in 1639.
The painting of Cetatuia is special,its authors being Mihai, Gheorghe andDima of Janina, together with localartists who had also worked on theHoly Three Hierarchs. It is the lastimpressive complex of Moldavianmurals of the post-Byzantine tradition.The interior wall painting was altered inthe 18th and 19th centuries.
Protected by a strong girdle of tallwalls, with a stone tower, the religiouscompound also features a two-level
princely house, an ecumenical housewith a Gothic hall, a row of cells, and aTurkish bath.
77
A fost construit~ \n 1668-1672 dininitia]iva domnitorului Gheorghe Duca.Biserica, de plan trilobat, cu turle penaos [i pronaos, reia pe fa]ade, \nforme simplificate, unele motivedecorative ale bisericii Sfin]ii TreiIerarhi. Deasupra pronaosului [inaosului se ridic~ dou~ turle cu baz~ \nform~ de stea, specific~ stiluluimoldovenesc. Sub raport arhitectural,Cet~]uia este o copie sobr~ a M~n~stiriiSfin]ii Trei Ierarhi, ctitoria domnuluiVasile Lupu de la 1639.
Pictura de la Cet~]uia este ocrea]ie artistic~ deosebit~, avându-i caautori pe Mihai, Gheorghe [i Dima dinIanina, al~turi de pictori autohtonicare lucraser~ [i la Sfin]ii Trei Ierarhi.Acesta este ultimul mare ansamblu depictur~ mural~ din Moldova \n liniatradi]iilor postbizantine. Picturamural~ interioar~ a suferit interven]ii
\n secolele al XVIII-lea [i al XIX-lea.Protejat de o puternic~ centur~ de
ziduri \nalte, cu turn de piatr~,
complexul monastic mai cuprinde: casadomneasc~, cu dou~ niveluri, casaecumeneasc~, dotat~ cu o sal~ gotic~,corpul de chilii [i baia turceasc~.
A fost ctitorit~ de hatmanulGavriil, fratele lui Vasile Lupu, \n 1642-1644, [i \[i trage numele de la schitulconstruit de sihastrul Agapie, \n secolulal XIV-lea.
Construc]ia Bisericii Mari de laAgapia a \nceput la 16 octombrie 1642[i s-a \ncheiat la 3 septembrie 1644.Hatmanul Gavriil a apelat la arhitectulEnache Ctisi, n~scut [i crescut laConstantinopol. Biserica este construit~
\n plan triconc, pe temelie de piatr~brut~. Absidele au form~ semicircular~,cele centrale fiind \mbr~cate la exterior
\n rezalite dreptunghiulare. çn 1859-1862 s-au ad~ugat proscomidiarul,diaconiconul [i un nou pridvor, celvechi fiind integrat pronaosului. F~r~ aavea o arhitectur~ cu un stil specific,biserica este valoroas~ prin pictura ei,executat~ de Nicolae Grigorescu \n1858-1861.
A[ez~mântul a fost restaurat demai multe ori: \ntre 1848 [i 1858, cândbiserica a suferit mai multe
transform~ri, \n 1882 [i \n 1903, cânds-a re\nnoit toat~ incinta [i s-au f~cutcl~diri pentru ateliere. M~n~stirea are ocolec]ie de art~ [i obiecte biserice[ti.
Erected by War Minister Gavriil,brother of Ruler Vasile Lupu, between1642 and 1644, it gets its name fromthe skete constructed by recluseAgapie, in the 14th century.
The construction of the big churchof Agapia started on October 16, 1642and ended on September 3, 1644. Forthe purpose Minister Gavriil hiredarchitect Enache Citisi, born and raisedin Constantinople. The church has atrefoil structure, on a raw stonefoundation. The apses are semicircular,the central one being adorned byrectangular projections. A prothesis,and a diaconicon were later added, aswell as a new porch, the old one beingintegrated into the pronaos. While notin a specific style, the church is valuableby its painting, the work of NicolaeGrigorescu between 1858 and 1861.
The abode was restored severaltimes between 1848 and 1858, whenthe church underwent varioustransformations, in 1882, and in 1903,
when the entire precincts wererenewed, and workshops were set up.The church boasts a collection of artand religious items.
Incinta M~n~stirii Agapiav~zut~ dinspre sud-est
The precincts of the Agapia Monastery
seen from the southeast
Latura de vest a incintei:
st~re]ia [i chiliile
The western side of the precincts:
the abbey and the cells
Bolta naosului: Iisus Hri stos Pantocrator
Pictur~ mural~ de Nicolae Grigorescu.
The vault of the nave: Je sus Chr is t Pantocrator
A fost ctitorit~ \n anul 1602 dec~tre marele vornic Nestor Ureche(tat~l cronicarului Grigore Ureche),pe locul unui schit datând din secolulal XVI-lea.
Biserica m~n~stirii marcheaz~ odat~ important~ \n istoria arhitecturiidin Moldova prin influen]amunteneasc~ profund~ \n construc]iaedificiului. Ea reflect~ o puternic~influen]~ arhitectural~ munteneasc~,iar \n timp ea a fost augmentat~ cuun pridvor (secolul al XVIII-lea) [i un
diaconicon (secolul al XIX-lea). çn1850 a fost pictat~ \n \ntregime.Frumoasa incint~ fortificat~ este
\nt~rit~ cu turnuri, corpuri de cl~direpe patru laturi [i dou~ paraclise.Ansamblul a fost restaurat \ntre 1966[i 1976.
Justice Chief Nestor Ureche (fatherof chronicler Grigore Ureche) erected itin 1602 in the place of a skete datingto the 16th century.
The monastery church marks animportant date in the history ofMoldavian architecture owing to thecategorical Wallachian influencemanifest in the entire construction. Thechurch evinces a strong Wallachianinfluence. In time, a porch was added(the 18th century) as well as adiaconicon (the 19th century). In 1850, it
was entirely painted. Towers, four-sidesquare buildings, and two chapelsenhance the beautiful fortifiedprecincts. The ensemble was restoredbetween 1966 and 1976.
The Secu MonasteryM~n~stirea Secu
Biserica v~zut~ dinspre nord-vest În luneta de deasupra intr~rii, Sfântul
Ioan Botezatorul , patronul m~n~stirii.
The churc h seen fro m the nor thwe st
Above the entrance, St. John the
Baptist , the patron of the monastery.
Col]ul de nord-est a incintei, cu chiliile [i
paraclisul S fântu l Nico la e (1824)
The nor th e as ter n side of the preci nc t s, w it h the
Realizat la M~n~stirea Neam], compozi]ie perfect echilibrat~,
dominat~ de monumentalitate [i de o armonie extraordinar~ a
culorilor, figurilor, gesturilor [i propor]iilor. Epitaful lui Silvan
inaugureaz~ seria broderiilor monumentale, devenind un
model clasic al epitafelor moldovene[ti.
Silvan’s liturgical veil (1437)
Achieved at Neamt Monastery, the composition is perfectly
balanced, with an air of monumentality and a fantasticharmony of the colors, figures, gestures and proportions.
Silvan’s liturgical veil inaugurated the series of monumental
embroideries, remaining a classic of Moldavian liturgical cloths.91
Dvera Adormirii Maicii Domnului
(10 august 1510)
Aceea[i monumentalitate a epitafului moldovenesc, cu o
extraordinar~ [tiin]~ a compozi]iei, a echilibrului interior al
scenei, cu figuri monumentale [i gesturi rituale perfect
echilibrate.
Altar curtain featuring the Dormition of the Virgin
(10 August 1510)
The same monumentality as in all Moldavian liturgical veilblends here with an extraordinary science of the composition,
of poised scenes, gorgeous figures, and perfectly balanced
ritual gestures.
Broderia epocii lui ßtefan cel Mareeste la nivelul realiz~rilor picturii murale[i al manuscriselor miniate, stândm~rturie pentru existen]a unei [coli depictur~ cu tradi]ie \n Moldova. Printreepitafele, dverele, epitrahilelemoldovene[ti se g~sesc adev~ratecapodopere, unele dintre acesteademonstrând o des~vâr[it~ m~iestrie acompozi]iei [i a coloristicii.
The embroideries dating to thereign of Stephen the Great stand proudlynext to the illuminated manuscripts ofthe time, attesting to a school ofpainting of long tradition in Moldavia.There are genuine masterpieces amongthe Moldavian liturgical veils, the altarcurtains, and the stoles all of whichevince a perfect mastery of thecomposition and of the colors.