IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange (study tour) USA, April 16 – 26 2007 Managing transboundary Risks Managing transboundary Risks in in the Iullemeden Aquifer the Iullemeden Aquifer System System IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange (study tour) on Good Practices in Ground Water Resources Assessment, Management, and Public Participation USA, April 16-26th, 2006 USA, April 16-26th, 2006
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Managing Transboundary Risks in the Iullemeden Aquifer System (Dodo)
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IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
Managing transboundary Managing transboundary Risks inRisks in
the Iullemeden Aquifer the Iullemeden Aquifer System System
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange (study tour)
on Good Practices in Ground Water Resources Assessment, Management, and Public Participation
USA, April 16-26th, 2006USA, April 16-26th, 2006
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
GEOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
•Countries : Mali, Niger, Nigeria
Aquifers :• Cretaceous Intercalary
Continental• Tertiary Terminal
Continental• > 2000 billion m3
Niger river :• 30 billion m3 per
year
Area : 525 000 km²•Mali : 31000 km² (6%)•Niger : 434000 km² (83%)•Nigeria : 60000 km² (11%).
Population :• 15 million
(2000)• 28 million
(2025)
IAS OVERVIEW
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
NATURAL RESOURCES
Non renewable Groundwater > 2000 billion m3
Surface water (Niger river) : 30 billion m3/y
« W » National parc (Niger Republic)
160 billion m3/y to Atlantic ocean
Fisheries > 200 species
Livestock > 4 million cattle
Irrigation land > 300 000 ha
Renewable Groundwater > 2 billion m3
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
SHARED IAS ISSUES•Increased water demand because of growing population : 15 millions in 2000, double in 2025
•Climate Change/Variability Droughts,
Floods•Decreased groundwater recharge rate
•Land degradation 100 000 ha/year
•Silting : river, lake, pools flood
•Deforestation > 1 million ton firewood
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
SHARED IAS ISSUES
• Lack of exchange information between countries sharing and exploiting the same resource
• Lack of cooperation on aquifers although existing basins Authorities in the region : NBA, LGA, etc…
• Aquifers only studied in the limits of the national borders
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
Within the goal of sustainable :
•environmental protection and sub-regional and national development
•cooperative framework for joint management of risk and uncertainty
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
To establish the capacity, to identify, reduce and mitigate transboundary risks from changing land and water use and from climate change in the shared Iullemeden Aquifer System
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
PROJECT OUTCOMES
•Joint mechanisms for identification of transboundary risk issues in the IAS;
•A joint development and conservation strategy for the IAS;
•A joint tripartite legal and institutional cooperative framework for the IAS;
•Joint programmes for awareness, participation and inter-governmental communication.
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
IAS PROJECT COMPONENTS
•Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis ;
•Strengthening the State of knowledge of IAS;
•Awareness, Participation, Capacity Building;
•Consultative Mechanism;
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
STEERING COMMITTEE
(Periodic control and Evaluation)
Countries : Partners :
DNH - Mali - UNEP/GEF
DRE/MHE/LCD - Niger - IAEA - ESA - IRD
DHH/FWRM - Nigeria - FAO - IGRAC - GTZ
STEERING COMMITTEE
(Periodic control and Evaluation)
Countries : Partners :
DNH - Mali - UNEP/GEF
DRE/MHE/LCD - Niger - IAEA - ESA - IRD
DHH/FWRM - Nigeria - FAO - IGRAC - GTZ
IAS Project
- OSS : Implementing Agency
- UNESCO : Scientific supervision
IAS Project
- OSS : Implementing Agency
- UNESCO : Scientific supervision
National Teams
National Coordinator
National Focal Point
National Coordination Committee
National Teams
National Coordinator
National Focal Point
National Coordination Committee
Scientific Audit
Scientific Evaluation
Validation of final reports
Scientific Audit
Scientific Evaluation
Validation of final reports
Experts
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
Consultative Mechanism
Recharge
Modelling
Remote Sensing
Experts
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
Consultative Mechanism
Recharge
Modelling
Remote Sensing
PROJECT STRUCTURE
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
•TDA (Mali, Niger and Nigeria) 3 major transboundary risks :
ACHIEVEMENTS SO FAR :
• Common digitalized maps (Topography & Geology) for a further risks analysis;
• Land cover maps, DEM, Water balance;
• Database (>17000 boreholes), GIS, Model;
• Legal and consultative mechanism;
1. Modification of Water availability
2. Degradation of Water Quality,3. Climate Change/Variability
(impacts);
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
PARTIAL CAUSAL CHAIN ANALYSIS
IMMEDIATE CAUSES
TRANSBOUNDARYISSUES
UNDERLYING
CAUSESIMPACTS
ROOT CAUSES
Climatic changes, (reduced rainfall and runoff)Recurrent droughtsReduced connexion between surface water and groundwater because of silting, sand dunes established
Groundwater resources scarcity
Increase in water demand (growth population, mining and agricultural activities)Inadequate water infrastructure
Reduced groundwater rechargeDecline of artesian water pressureReduced renewable groundwater resourceAlternative water resources
Increasing populationDeficient political and legal practical frameworkInadequate basin awarenessInsufficient knowledge and participation in sustainable water resource managementLack of consultative mechanism in groundwater resources management although several Basin AuthoritiesDeficiency in application of lawLack of exchange of information
High concentration of fluoride, nitrates
Groundwater quality degradation
Pollution by urban, industrial and mining activitiesAgricultural activities (pesticides, manures)Land use and inadequate change in land use
Soil SalinisationLess production in agricultureDiseasesAlternative water resources
IAEA/GEF IW Learn /USGS Exchange
(study tour)USA,
April 16 – 26 2007
TRANSBOUNDARY ISSUES & MANIFESTATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
EFFECTS & SYMPTOMSTRANSBOUNDARY MANIFESTATIONS
STRATEGIC ACTIONS
Groundwater resources scarcity
Increase of percentage of population without access of drinking waterLess agriculture (reduced area under irrigation)Transfer water (big towns, mining areas)
Transboundary migration of the population increasing water demand in the new habitatIncrease potential conflicts between farmers and pastoralists using the same water point (well, dug well, boreholes)
Sustainable and jointly development of water resourcesOperational consultative mechanism of water resource management (exchange data, groundwater exploitation modelling, ) to alert water scarcity
Groundwater quality degradation Change option in water
demand (fluoride)Less production of agricultureSanitation issues (diseases)More importation of foodChange option of water use
Transport pollutions with effects on human population, ecosystem.Transport of diseases
Prevention and control of risk pollution“Pollutant-Payer”, taxesOperational legal framework