Managing Green Datacenters Powered by Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Intelligent Design of Efficient Architectures Laboratory (IDEAL) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Presented by Chao Li ICAC Jun 20, 2014 Chao Li, Rui Wang, Tao Li, Depei Qian, Jingling Yuan
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Managing Green Datacenters Powered by Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Intelligent Design of Efficient Architectures Laboratory (IDEAL)Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Florida
Presented by Chao LiICAC
Jun 20, 2014
Chao Li, Rui Wang, Tao Li, Depei Qian, Jingling Yuan
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Power is a Big Issue in the Cloud Era
• Current global server market– 30 GW power demand– Doubles every 5 years [2]
Power Budget
2010
2015
2020
Everything is in the Cloud
Ever-increasing user data
Endless data processing
More servers are needed!
[1] http://oraclestorageguy.typepad.com/
2] Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency, EPA, 2007
05
101520253035
Zett
aB
yte
s
Impending Data Explosion
Structured Unstructued
[1]
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×30
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[1] C. Belady, Projecting Annual New Datacenter Construction Market Size, Global Foundation Services, 2011
[2] DCD Industry Census 2012: Energy, http://www.dcd-intelligence.com/
Many IT Companies start tointegrate non-conventional
clean energy solutions
Solar Panels Wind Turbines
Micro-TurbinesBio-mass
Fuel Cells
Batteries
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Limitations of Prior Work
• Load management and supply management are decoupled– Must combine load management and supply management
• Only focus on certain specific type of renewable energy– Need to look at hybrid renewable energy systems.
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Outline
Background: Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Data Centers
2. GreenWorks: A Framework for Multi-Source Powered System
1.
3. Multi-Source Driven Power Management for Data Centers
4. Evaluation and Discussion
MinuteskT (k+1)T
Sp
ee
dP
ow
er
Minutes
Load Power with
GreenWorks
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Hybrid Energy Systems
• Baseload Power Supply– Biomass, gas turbine, etc.– Stable and controllable
Wind turbine
Gas turbine
Fuel cells
Solar panel
Energy storage
Utility
Power interface
Circuit breaker
Microgrid
Biomass energy
Central Controller
Diesel Generator
Server
Cluster
Transformer
ATS
UPS
• Intermittent Power Supply– Solar, wind, etc.– Time-varying output
• Backup Power Supply– Various batteries– Immediate response
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Energy Balance Challenge
• Demand/Supply power mismatch problem– Requires fine-grained load and supply management
0 5 10 150
500
1000
1500
Time (hour)
Po
we
r (K
W)
Coarse-grained variation
0 60 120 180 2400
500
1000
Time (min)
Po
we
r (K
W)
moment-to-moment oscillation
• Cannot simply rely on any single type of power supply– Intermittent green power: cannot guarantee power output– Baseload power: too slow to follow the fluctuation– Battery: limited lifetime and capacity– Over-provisioning power to overcome the above issue?
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GreenWorks: An Overview
• A synergy of various power supplies, as well as computing loads
• Factors that affect energy utilization– Inverter energy loss and battery round-trip energy loss– GreenWorks maintains almost the same energy utilization
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Battery Lifetime
• Provides better battery utilization– The lifetime of GreenWorks battery is very close to its
designated lifetime.
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UPS Autonomy Time (Backup Time)
• On average, the stored energy level is 78% of rated capacity– Boosting: 70%. Shedding: 88%.
• Ensures a rated backup time for 20% of the time.– Better than Boosting but worse than Shedding.
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
UPS Autonomy Time
Em
pir
ica
l C
DF
Shedding
Boosting
GreenWorks
Under-use
Over-use
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Conclusions
• Renewable energy powered computing system design should not ignore the attributes of power supply
• Be very careful when boosting (e.g., over-clocking), maintaining (e.g., use batteries), or shedding (e.g., shutdown servers) the loads in data centers powered by hybrid renewable energy systems.
• A cross-layer and cross-component data center power management scheme could provide us much better design tradeoffs.