Managing Disease Risk. HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Overview Importance of animal agriculture Biological.

Managing Disease Risk

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Overview

• Importance of animal agriculture • Biological risk management• Routes of transmission• Prevention practices• Summary

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Animal AgricultureIowa 2006

• #1 pork, eggs– 17.2 million pigs– 51.6 million chickens (layers)

• #2 red meat– 6.5 billion pounds– 3.9 million cattle

• Cash receipts– Turkeys - $123 million– Dairy cows - $530 million– Sheep, lambs - $22.2 million

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Food Production Changes

• Number of farms decreasing• Animal numbers rising on some farms• Opportunities

– Increasing intensity/specialization – Efficient food source: U.S. and world

• Challenges– Disease control and eradication– Devastating economic effects

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Minimizing Disease Spread

• Occupation may require farm visits• As a farm visitor, recognize and

minimize the risk of introducing a disease

• Farms becoming more concerned about who/what is entering– Visitors, employees, animal traffic

• Ask and follow farm biosecurity plan

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Biological Risk Management (BRM)

• Overall process of awareness education, evaluation, and management

• Designed to improve disease control – Foreign and domestic diseases

• Provide tools to minimize risk

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Biological Risk Management (BRM)

• Disease risk cannot be totally eliminated– Animal, its environment– Decrease exposure to

disease agents• Minimize threat to

animals and humans• No one-size-fits-all answer

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Routes of Transmission

• Apply to all infectious agents• Animal must be exposed to

develop disease• Understand different routes of

transmission = Gain control• Risk areas must be identified

– Design protocols to minimize exposure

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Routes of Transmission• Spread of disease agents

– Animal animal– Animal human

“zoonotic”• Different modes

of transmission– Oral– Vector-borne– Zoonotic

– Aerosol– Direct contact– Fomite

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Environmental Contamination

• Disease organism in environment– Survive in soil, organic material

• Animals and humans can acquire agent(s) through:– Inhalation (aerosol)– Direct contact– Fomites– Oral consumption – Vectors

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Preventing Entry

• Some animal viruses can be carried by fomites– Truck tires, wheel wells, undercarriage,

footwear, clothing• Walking/driving through animal areas• Pick up viruses/bacteria• Deposit on the road, next farm• Proper cleaning and disinfection is

important

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Preventing Entry

• Park in designated area• Carry equipment

to the site– Inspect equipment

before leaving vehicle• Wash contaminated

objects on farm • Follow posted protocols,

biosecurity plans

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Preventing Spread

• Limit contact with animals• Wear protective clothing, footwear• Between animal groups and

prior to leaving operation– Change soiled

protective clothing– Wash, disinfect

soiled footwear– Clean, disinfect soiled equipment

• Leave trash on farm

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Preventing Zoonosis

• Protective outer clothing– Coveralls, water-resistant barriers– Footwear

• Overshoes that can be cleaned, disinfected

• Disposable– Gloves

• Sick, unknown health status animals

• Remove soiled items before leaving• Wash hands

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Zoonotic Disease• Livestock producers work

with animals daily– Most have immunity

to various diseases• Immunocompromised

population more vulnerable to zoonoses– Young and old– Chemotherapy– Diabetes

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Summary

• Animal agriculture in Iowa is important

• All diseases are transmitted by a few common routes

• Disease risk can be managed• Awareness education is essential• You play a critical role!

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Acknowledgments

Development of this presentationwas funded by a grant from the

Iowa Homeland Securityand Emergency Management and

the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship to the

Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University.

Contributing Authors: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Danelle Bickett-Weddle, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Gayle Brown, DVM, PhD