Managing Change and Innovation - Pearson Educationwps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/1473… · PPT file · Web view · 2006-06-05Title: Managing Change and Innovation Last modified

1Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc.

Chapter 13Managing Change and Innovation

2Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc.

What is Change? Alterations in people Alterations in structure Alterations in technology

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Categories of Change (Exhibit 13-1)

STRUCTUREAuthority relationshipsCoordinating mechanismsJob redesignSpans of control

PEOPLE

AttitudesExpectationsPerceptionsBehaviour

TECHNOLOGY

Work processesWork methodsEquipment

4Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc.

External Forces of Change Marketplace Government laws and regulations Technology Economic

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Internal Forces of Change Corporate strategy The workforce Technology and equipment Employee attitudes

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The “Calm Waters” Metaphor

Unfreezing Changing Refreezing

Lewin’s Three-Step Process

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Lack ofStability

The “White-Water Rapids”

Metaphor

Lack ofPredictability

VirtualChaos

ConstantChange

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Entrepreneurs and Change Context facing entrepreneurs is

dynamic change Opportunities and problems Entrepreneur acts as catalyst

9Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc.

Resistance to Change

Fear of losingsomething

of value

IndividualResistance

Belief that changeIs not good fororganization

Fear ofunknown

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Reducing Resistance to Change Education and communication Participation Facilitation and support Negotiation Manipulation and co-optation Coercion

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Organization Development

Planned, long-term, organization-wide change initiative that focuses

on values and beliefs

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Stressors

PersonalPersonalityFamilyFinances

OrganizationalTask demandsRole demandsInterpersonalStructureLeadershipSTRESS

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Ways to Reduce Stress

Proper match of employees to job Clear expectations Employee assistance programs Wellness programs

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What IsCreativity?

Combining new ideas in unique ways or making unusual connections

What IsInnovation?

Process of taking creative idea and making into a useful product, service, or method of operation

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CharacteristicsCharacteristicsof anof an

InnovativeInnovativeCultureCulture

AmbiguityAmbiguity

ExternalExternalControlsControls

ImpracticalImpractical

RiskRiskConflictConflict

OpenOpenSystemsSystems

Ends/MeansEnds/Means

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Entrepreneurs and Innovation Key characteristic Supportive culture Need to be able to do something with

ideas