Management of Fracture Acetabulum in Geriatric Age Group Hazem Abdel-Azeem, M.D Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Cairo University
Dec 14, 2014
Management of Fracture Acetabulum in
Geriatric Age Group
Hazem Abdel-Azeem, M.DProfessor of Orthopaedic SurgeryCairo University
In most Arab countries, life expectancy has increased in the past two decades.
- In 1980-1985, the average life expectancy was 58 years for men and 61.3 years for women.
- Currently, it is 71 for females & 73for females
• Distribution of the Arab population by broad age groups, 1980-2050
Literature ReviewLetournel Classification
In geriatric consider the presence of comminution in each type
In all, 235 patients were > 60 years of age and the remaining 1074 were < 60 years. The
incidence of elderly patients with acetabular fractures increased by 2.4-fold between the
first half of the study period and the second half (10% (62) vs 24% (174), p < 0.001).
Matta et al…2010
Fractures are characterised by
• Displacement of the anterior column(64% )• Separate quadrilateral-plate component
(50.8% )• Roof impaction (40%) in the anterior
fractures, and• Comminution (44%) • Marginal impaction (38%) in posterior-wall
fractures.
Epidemiology : Hip region injuries incidence in elderlies
• In elderly, the incidence of proximal femur, pelvic and acetabular fracture has been expressed by the ratio 60:10:1
• Therefore, the fractures of the Acetabulum may be missed due to directed attention towards other hip fractures
60
10
1
Low energy trauma cases are commonly misdiagnosed initially as fracture of fracture neck femur
• Some times fracture neck femur and femoral neck are combined
Study Series : 62 hips in 61 cases
• Cases 51 males 10 females• Age avarage 68 years ( Yougest 55,Oldest 72)• Bone quality
– Normal or osteopaenic 23 cases– Osteoporotic 28 cases– Severely osteoporotic 10 cases
Mechanism of Injury
• Moderate or low energy injuries in osteoporosis ( fall on to the greater trochanter) n= 30 cases
• High energy trauma as in normal bone n=32
• Study :– Clinical examination , fitness for surgery– Imaging Radiography and CT studies– Classification– Densitometry when needed– Duplex for the leg vessels ( A & V ) when needed– Operative or conservative– End of follow up is either fracture healing or THR
Radiological study
• AP• Rt & Lt obliques• CT scan• 3 D reconstruction
Recorded types are– Isolated :
• Ant wall 3 • Ant col without comminution 6• Ant col with comminution 10• Post wall without comminution 7• Post wall with comminution 5• Post col without comminution 4• Post col with comminution 2• Transverse fr 1
Cases Classification :
– Combined :• T fracture 0• Transverse with pos wall 0• Ant with post hemitransverse 12• Post col with post wall without comminution 2• Post col with post wall with comminution 2• Associated both col without comminution 4 • Associated both col with comminution 4
Anterior column with Quadrilateral plate comminution
Radiological study
Recorded problems : – Articular impaction 6– Dislocation of the hip 13– Comminuted Anterior or
posterior-wall fractures 17– Injury to the femoral head 7– Presence of OA 16
Treatment Goals
• To obtain painless mobile stable life lasting hip
• To get ambulant patient with less pain as soon as possible
• To avoid 2nd go surgery• To avoid recumbancy complications
For the sake of treatment line choice and preoperative planning
The items of bone quality and hip clinical and
radiological conditions has to be considered :
• Cases of normal bone Quality
• Cases of associated hip osteoarthrosis
• Cases of poor bone quality (osteoporosis & osteomalacia )
• Cases with intra articular traumatic insult :– depressed fracture or– Pipkin’s fracture
Bone Quality : Hip join clinical condition :
• Cases of normal bone Quality
• Cases of associated hip osteoarthrosis
• Cases of poor bone quality (osteoporosis & osteomalacia )
• Cases with intra articular traumatic insult :– depressed fracture or– Pipkin’s fracture
Bone Quality : Hip join clinical condition :
Conservative Treatment
Indications• All non displaced
fractures• Minimally displaced (less
than 2 mm)• Displaced low anterior
column, low transverse or low T- fracture
• Unfit patients
Conservative Treatment
• In all studies also in ours; poor results have been recorded in at least 30% of patients treated conservatively...!!!
Operative treatment
Indications• Displaced fractures• Unstable fractures• Associated traumatic
insult to the femoral head• Associated proximal
femoral fracture• Depressed fragment• Associated osteoarthritis
Surgical Treatment Options
In young adult
• Anatomic Reduction And Internal Fixation
In geriatric age
• Three Possibilities are there1st - To achieve anatomical
reduction and internal fixation
IF NOT
2nd - Acute THR
IF NOT
3rd – Delayed THR
Considering the first option :
Considering the first option :
Reconstruction of the acetabulum anatomically by open reduction and internal fixation
Geriatric Pt does not differ from young
Obstacles are Comminution and Osteoporotic bad quality bone
Cases of good bone quality shoes no problem in ORIF
Anterior column Trasverse fracture
But cases of low bone quality :
• Low energy trauma (with poor bone stock)
• Anterior wall is Comminuted
+ quadrilateral plate involvement
ORIF is possible
But cases of low bone quality :
OR
Bone fragments manipulation and fixation may be difficult
Other difficulties are - unrecognition of fracture
patterns - severe comminution - depressed fractures - erosion of articular surfaces- associated Pipkin's fracture - or fractures of the proximal
femur
Intraoperative Technical Consideration we a Adopted :
• Use only one approach• Minimize the operative
time (less than 4 hrs)• Use 4.5 plates and
4.5/6.5 screws• Use plates and don’t
rely on lag screws alone• Handle the vessels with
care ( It breaks)
Option 2 THR
• Is used when reconstruction by ORIF is impossible or unsuccessful
• Also in associated :– Pipkin's fracture– Hip AO– Head insult
Option 2 THR
• Open reduction& int fixation primiraly
• Anatomical reduction is not needed
• Internal fixation should be by plate and screws
• Column screw is inadequate
• Wrong to use the metal back of the acetabular cup as circular plate to fix the fracture
Anterior plating then THR
Association with Pipkin's
Fracture acetabulum with hip OA
ACUTE BIL FR ACETABULUM CASE : Male 68 ys
Option 3 Delayed THR
• Is considered a salvage of unsatisfactory result after conservative treatment
• Segmental and cavitary acetabular defects usually result after neglected acetabular fractures and should be grafted
Option 3 Delayed THR
• However , leaving the patient in bed or traction followed by late arthroplasty may lead to significant complications as well as failure of arthroplasty
Reconstruction rings
In conclusion
• Treatment of acetabular fracture in geriatric age group posses challenges that are not always seen in the younger age group
• Letournel classification is used in this study• Letournel classical types were not always produced as
he described , some comminution was commonly there • This is due to the fact that the fracture pattern discussed
by Letournel require strong force to be exerted on a relatively normal bone, this pattern changes when moderate or minor force acts on an osteoporotic bone
Conclusion
• Displaced acetabular fractures + good bone stock → ORIF
• Acute THR depends on rigid fixation to build a solid base for placement of the total hip– None anatomic reduction is needed– Never use the prosthetic shell as a “hemispherical
plate”– Always use the traditional plates and screws to
have a good bone stock
Conclusion• Late arthroplasty is used for failed treatment
cases , the acetabulum must be reduced ,fixed and grafted before cup application
Thank you