Management Information System by Ravi Kumudesh

Management Information

System

Ravi KumudeshBSc / MSc / Dip(MLT) /PG Dip(SMgt)[email protected] / slsmls.org

Why Do People Need Information?

▫Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment

▫Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control

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Data vs. Information

▫Data A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a

picture Represents something in the real world The raw materials in the production of

information

▫Information Data that have meaning within a context Data in relationships Data after manipulation

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Data Manipulation

▫Example: customer survey Reading through data collected from a customer

survey with questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not very helpful.

When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.

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Generating Information▫Computer-based ISs take data as raw material,

process it, and produce information as output.

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Information in Contextslsmls.org

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What Is a System?▫System: A set of components that work

together to achieve a common goal

▫Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal

▫Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other systems

▫Open system: System that interfaces with other systems

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Data, Information and Systems

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Information and Managers

▫Systems thinking

Creates a framework for problem solving and decision making.

Keeps managers focused on overall goals and operations of business.

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Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy

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The Benefits of HumanComputer Synergy▫Synergy

When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately

▫Allows human thought to be translated into efficient processing of large amounts of data

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Components of an information system

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The Four Stages of Data Processing▫ Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.

▫Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.

▫Output: Information is displayed or presented.

▫Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.

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Why Study IS?

•Information Systems Careers▫ Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning

(ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.

•Knowledge Workers▫ Managers and non-managers▫ Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how

to use information technology.

•Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy▫Key to full participation in western society

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Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side

•Consumer Privacy▫Organizations collect (and sometimes sell)

huge amounts of data on individuals.

•Employee Privacy▫IT supports remote monitoring of employees,

violating privacy and creating stress.

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Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side •Freedom of Speech

▫ IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.

•IT Professionalism▫ No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--

unlike other professions.

•Social Inequality▫ Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC;

less than 3% have Internet access.

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Relationship of Systems to One Another

The Four Major Types of Information Systems

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Management Information Systems (MIS) An MIS provides managers with information and

support for effective decision making, and provides feedback on daily operations

Output, or reports, are usually generated through accumulation of transaction processing data

Each MIS is an integrated collection of subsystems, which are typically organized along functional lines within an organization

What is MIS?

1) Right Information

2) To the right person

3) At the right place

4) At the right time

5) In the right form

6) At the right cost

MIS Characteristics

• Provides reports with fixed and standard formats▫Hard-copy and soft-copy reports

• Uses internal data stored in the computer system

• End users can develop custom reports• Requires formal requests from users

1) Provides reports with fixed and standard formats - Hard-copy

and soft-copy reports

2) Uses internal data stored in the computer system

3) End users can develop custom reports

4) Requires formal requests from users

MIS Characteristics

The MIS definition

1) The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for providing the information to support the operations, the management and the decision making function in the organization.

2) The MIS is defined as a system based on the database of the organization evolved for the purpose of providing information to the people in the organization.

Information Chart

Various types of MIS

Transaction processing systems :

Decision support systems (DSS)

Executive information systems (EIS)

Marketing information systems

Office automation systems (OAS)

School management information systems (MIS)

Participation for MIS

INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to Enterprise Applications

MIS Outputs•Scheduled reports

Produced periodically, or on a schedule (daily, weekly, monthly)

•Key-indicator report Summarizes the previous day’s critical activities Typically available at the beginning of each day

•Demand report Gives certain information at a manager’s request

•Exception report Automatically produced when a situation is unusual or

requires management action

MIS - Competitive Advantage

•Provides support to managers as they work to achieve corporate goals

•Enables managers to compare results to established company goals and identify problem areas and opportunities for improvement

MIS and Web Technology

• Data may be made available from management information systems on a company’s intranet

• Employees can use browsers and their PC to gain access to the data

Inputs to Marketing MIS

• Strategic plan and corporate policies• The TPS• External sources:

▫The competition▫The market

Marketing MIS Subsystems and Outputs

• Marketing research• Product development• Promotion and advertising• Product pricing

Human Resource MIS

•Concerned with all of the activities related to employees and potential employees of the organization

Inputs to the Human Resource MIS

• Strategic plan or corporate policies

• The TPS:▫Payroll data▫Order processing data▫Personnel data

• External sources

Human Resource MIS Subsystems and Outputs

• Human resource planning• Personnel selection and recruiting• Training and skills inventory• Scheduling and job placement• Wage and salary administration

Other MISs• Accounting MISs

▫Provides aggregated information on accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and other applications.

• Geographic information systems (GISs)▫Enables managers to pair pre-drawn

maps or map outlines with tabular data to describe aspects of a particular geographic region.

Advantages Highlight their strengths and weaknesses The identification of these aspects improve their

business processes and operations. Giving an overall picture and acting as a

communication and planning tool. Align business processes according to the needs of

the customers. Perform direct marketing and promotion activities. Predicted by the analysis of sales and revenue reports

Need of MISInformation that needs to be recorded and studied includes relevant information of the department for planning process as well as specific information to know whether one involved in SWM services is performing his duty well, adequate vehicles are given to the SWM Dept. by the workshop, the vehicles give their optimum output, the repairing and maintenance of vehicles and equipment at the workshop is properly done, the vehicles carrying the waste to the disposal site are optimally utilised, the processing plants are performing well, landfill sites are well managed etc.

The first thing each morning the chief executive should see is whether anything unusual or unsatisfactory has happened needing immediate remedial measures. A list of items is given below on which the data should be collected and kept on record for planning purposes and a few proformae are designed for monitoring the activities done by various sections of SWM department as under which may be utilised by the local bodies with suitable modifications.

ConclusionMIS differ from regular information systems because the primary objectives of these systems are to analyze other systems dealing with the operational activities in the organization. In this way, MIS is a subset of the overall planning and control activities covering the application of humans, technologies, and procedures of the organization. Within the field of scientific management, MIS is most of ten tailored to the automation or support of human decision making.

As organizations grow, MIS allows information to move between functional areas and departments instantly, reducing the need for face-to-face communications among employees, thus increasing the responsiveness of the organization.

Types of Information Systems

Thank you !

Sri Lanka Society for Medical Laboratory Science

slsmls.org / [email protected] / +94773077717

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