Y-D 1 | Page Management Information Systems Dr. Mohamed Gaber Why study information systems? It can help all kinds of businesses improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their business processes, managerial decision making & work group collaboration, thus, strengthening their competitive positions on a rapidly changing market plan. Internet based systems have become a necessary ingredient for business success in today`s dynamic global environment. I.T is playing an expanding role in business. What`s an Information System? Any organized combination of people, hardware, software communications, networks or Data resources that stores, retrieves, transform and disseminates information in any organization. Information systems Vs Information Technology INFORMATION SYSTEMS: All components and resources necessary to deliver information and information processing functions to the organization INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Various hardware components necessary for the system to operate Computer Hardware technology: Includes micro computers, mid-size servers, large mainframe systems, the input, the outputs & the storage devices that support them Computer software technology: Including operating system software’s, web browsers, software productivity suites and software for business applications like customer relationship management and supply chain. Telecommuni cations network technology: Including telecommunications media, processors and software needed to provide wire based and wireless access and support for the internet and private internet based networks. Data resource management technology: Including database management system software for the developing, access, and maintenance of the database of an organizati on
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Management Information moh Gaber & Dr.amr B. El-Tawel)
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8/8/2019 Management Information moh Gaber & Dr.amr B. El-Tawel)
Why study information systems?It can help all kinds of businesses improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their
business processes, managerial decision making & work group collaboration, thus,strengthening their competitive positions on a rapidly changing market plan.
Internet based systems have become a necessary ingredient for business success intoday`s dynamic global environment.
I.T is playing an expanding role in business.
What`s an Information System?Any organized combination of people, hardware, software communications, networks
or Data resources that stores, retrieves, transform and disseminates information in anyorganization.
Information systems Vs Information Technology
INFORMATION SYSTEMS:All components and resources necessary to deliver information and information
processing functions to the organization
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY:Various hardware components necessary for the system to operate
Computer Hardware technology:Includes micro computers, mid-size servers, large mainframe systems, the
input, the outputs & the storage devices that support them
Computer software technology:Including operating system software’s, web browsers, software productivity
suites and software for business applications like customer relationship managementand supply chain.
Telecommunications network technology:Including telecommunications media, processors and software needed to
provide wire based and wireless access and support for the internet and privateinternet based networks.
Data resource management technology:Including database management system software for the developing, access,
and maintenance of the database of an organization
8/8/2019 Management Information moh Gaber & Dr.amr B. El-Tawel)
Classifications of I.S by Scope Functional business systems.
o Support function Strategic Information Systems
o Support processes that provide a firm with strategic products, services &capabilities for competitive advantage.
Cross-functional Information Systemso Integrated combinations of I.S
Measures of success Efficiency
o Minimize costso Minimize timeo Minimize the use of Information Resources
Effectiveness
o Supports an organization business strategieso Enables its business processo Enhance it organizational structureo Increase the customer business value of the enterprise
support strategics forcompetitiveadvantages
support businessdecision making
support businessprocess and operation
8/8/2019 Management Information moh Gaber & Dr.amr B. El-Tawel)
What is a Computer?All computers are systems of Input, Processing, Output, Storage and Control
Components
Types of Computer Systems Micro computer systems
o Personal Computers, network computers, technical Workstations, personaldigital assistants, Information appliances,…etc
Midrange systemso Network servers, minicomputers, web servers, multi systems,…etc
Mainframe systemso Enterprise systems, super servers, transaction processors, supercomputers,
etc
Microcomputer systems Personal computer(PC) – Microcomputer for use by an individual
Professional Workstations – a powerful, networked PC for business professionals Laptop – small, portable PC
Network server –more powerful microcomputers that coordinatetelecommunications and resource sharing in small local area networks and internetand intranet websites
Computer Terminals –depend on servers for software, storage and processingpower
Network Computers –low-cost, sealed microcomputers with no or minimal disk
storage that are linked to the network Information appliance –hand-held microcomputer devices
Pc features o Business Pro o Multimedia heavy o New comer
Midrange Systems
Definition:Primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle the large-
scale processing of many business applications
Mainframe Systems
Definition:Large, fast, and powerful computer systems
Supercomputer systems
Definition:Extremely powerful computer systems specifically designed for scientific, engineering, andbusiness applications requiring extremely high speeds for massive numeric computations
8/8/2019 Management Information moh Gaber & Dr.amr B. El-Tawel)
Hardware organized by system functions Input devices –convert data into electronic form for direct entry or through a
telecommunications network into a computer system Processing components –primarily the central processing unit (CPU)
o Arithmetic-logic Unit (ALU) –perform arithmetic and logic functions required
to execute software instructions Output devices –convert electronic information produced by the computer system
into human-intelligible form for presentation to end users Storage devices –store data and software instructions needed for processing Control components –primarily the CPU`s Control Unit which interprets software
instructions and transmits directions that control the activities of other components ofthe computer system
Computer processing speeds Millisecond –thousandth of a second
Microsecond –millionth of a second Nanosecond –billionth of a second Picoseconds –trillionth of a second
Computer clock speeds MIPS –million instructions per second Megahertz (MHz) –millions of cycles per second
Gigahertz (GHz) –billions of cycles per second
Throughput
Definition:Ability of microprocessors to perform useful computation or data processing assignmentsduring a given period of time
Depends on: Buses –size of circuitry paths that interconnect microprocessor components Registers –that process instructions Cache –high speed memory
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Pointing devices Electronic Mouse –moving mouse on pad moves cursor on screen. Pressing
buttons on mouse activates activities represented by selected icons. Trackball –stationary device with a roller ball on top used to move cursor on screen Pointing stick –small button-like device which moves cursor in direction of pressure
placed on stick Touch pad –small rectangular touch-sensitive surface which moves the cursor in the
direction of finger moves on the pad
Touch screen –video display screen that emits a grid of infrared beams, soundwaves, or a slight electric current that is broken when the screen is touched
Pen-based Computing
Definition:Pressure-sensitive layer index slate-like liquid crystal display screen and software
that digitizes handwriting, hand printing, and hand drawing
Speech recognition systems Discrete –user must pause between each spoken word
Continuous –software can recognize conversationally-paced speech
Optical scanning
Definition:Devices that read text or graphics and convert them into digital input for your
computer
Optical character recognition (OCR)
Definition:The machine identification of printed characters through the use of light-sensitive devices
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Output technologies Video Output Printed Output Voice responses
Video Output Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) –similar to vacuum tubes in television Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) –electronic visual displays that form characters
by applying an electrical charge to selected silicon crystals
Printed Output Inkjet Printers –spray ink onto the page Laser Printers –use an electrostatic process similar to photocopying machine
Binary Representation
Definition:Data are processed and stored in a computer system through the presence or
absence of electronic or magnetic signals in the computer`s circuitry or in the media it uses
Bit vs. Byte Bit –binary digit, which can have a value of either zero or one Byte –basic grouping of bits that the computer operates as a single unit, typically
System softwareManages and supports operations of computer systems and networks
System management programsPrograms that manage the hardware, software, network and data resources of
computer systems during the execution of various information processing jobs of end users
System development programsPrograms that help users develop information system programs and procedures and
prepare user programs for computer processing
Operating system
Definition
An integrated system of programs that manages the operations of the CPU, controlsthe input/output and storage resources and activities of the computer system, and providesvarious support services as the computer executes the application programs of users
User interfaceThe part of the operating system that allows you to communicate with it so you canload programs, access files and accomplish other tasks
Types of user interfaces Command-Driven Menu-Driven Graphical User Interfaces
Managing the use
of Hardware
resources
Managing the
accomplishment
of tasks
Managing data
and program
files
Providing a
variety of
support services
UserInterface
ResourceManagement
TaskManagement
FileManagement
Utilities andother
Funtions
Operating System Functions
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