Management: Definition and Overview. Management Definition: “The effective and efficient attainment of organizational goals through planning, organizing,

Management:Management:Definition and Definition and

OverviewOverview

Management Definition:Management Definition:

““The effective and efficient attainment of The effective and efficient attainment of organizational goals through planning, organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources.”organizational resources.”

In English: In English:

“ “The art of getting things done through The art of getting things done through people.”people.”

Functions of Management:Functions of Management:Plan, Organize, Lead, Plan, Organize, Lead,

ControlControl

Planning:Select goals

and ways to attain them

Organizing:Assign

responsibility for task

accomplishment

Controlling:Monitor activities

and make corrections

Leading:Use influence to motivate employees

Planning:Planning:

● ● Define Organizational GoalsDefine Organizational Goals

● ● Define Product or ServiceDefine Product or Service

● ● Market Research and AnalysisMarket Research and Analysis

● ● Determine Market NicheDetermine Market Niche

● ● Create Mission StatementCreate Mission Statement

Organizing:Organizing:

● ● Creating the Structure of the Creating the Structure of the OrganizationOrganization

● ● Determine Business EntityDetermine Business Entity

● ● Determine Business ModelDetermine Business Model

Leading:Leading:

● ● Communicating with and Communicating with and Motivating EmployeesMotivating Employees

● ● Team BuildingTeam Building

● ● Create Motivational Tools; Incentive Create Motivational Tools; Incentive ProgramsPrograms

Controlling:Controlling:

● ● Monitor Performance and Take Monitor Performance and Take Corrective ActionCorrective Action

● ● Performance FeedbackPerformance Feedback

● ● BenchmarkingBenchmarking

● ● ReengineeringReengineering

Management Personality Management Personality Traits:Traits:

● ● Conceptual – “Big Picture” DrivenConceptual – “Big Picture” Driven

● ● Human – Relational DrivenHuman – Relational Driven

● ● Technical – Details DrivenTechnical – Details Driven

Manager’s Workbook Manager’s Workbook QuizQuiz

Goal Setting and Goal Setting and PlanningPlanning

Goal – A Desired Future ResultGoal – A Desired Future Result

Plan – A Blueprint for Achieving Your Plan – A Blueprint for Achieving Your GoalGoal

PlanningPlanning

Mission Statement“What is our reason for being?”

Mission StatementMission Statement

““The Mission of Southwest Airlines is The Mission of Southwest Airlines is Dedication to the Highest Quality of Dedication to the Highest Quality of Customer Service, Delivered with a Customer Service, Delivered with a

Sense of Warmth, Friendliness, Sense of Warmth, Friendliness, Individual Pride and Company Individual Pride and Company

Spirit.”Spirit.”

PlanningPlanning

Mission Statement“What is our reason for being?”

Vision Statement“What do we want to become?”

Vision StatementVision Statement

““To Become the Largest Air-Carrier in To Become the Largest Air-Carrier in

The United States, in Terms of The United States, in Terms of

Passengers Carried.”Passengers Carried.”

PlanningPlanning

Upper Management1-5 Year Goals

Mission Statement“What is our reason for being?”

Vision Statement“What do we want to become?”

Strategic Planning“How will Org. Achieve Vision”

Strategic PlanStrategic Plan

To Continue Expansion and To Continue Expansion and Profitability by:Profitability by:

1)1) Keeping Costs and Fares LowKeeping Costs and Fares Low

2)2) Continuing Superior On-Time Continuing Superior On-Time Arrival RecordArrival Record

3)3) Providing Positively Outrageous Providing Positively Outrageous ServiceService

PlanningPlanning

Upper Management1-5 Year Goals

Middle Management6-24 Months

Mission Statement“What is our reason for being?”

Vision Statement“What do we want to become?”

Strategic Planning“How will Org. Achieve Vision”

Tactical Planning“Activities Needed to Achieve Vision”

Tactical PlanTactical Plan

● ● Turn Aircraft in 20 MinutesTurn Aircraft in 20 Minutes

● ● Serve Peanuts Instead of MealsServe Peanuts Instead of Meals

● ● Fly Into Smaller, Less Congested Fly Into Smaller, Less Congested CitiesCities

PlanningPlanning

Upper Management1-5 Year Goals

Middle Management6-24 Months

Front-Line Managers1-52 Weeks

Mission Statement“What is our reason for being?”

Vision Statement“What do we want to become?”

Strategic Planning“How will Org. Achieve Vision”

Tactical Planning“Activities Needed to Achieve Vision”

Operational Planning“Use of Resources to Achieve Vision”

Operational PlanOperational Plan

● ● Increase On-Time Performance to Increase On-Time Performance to 90%90%

● ● Lower Delayed Baggage to .5%Lower Delayed Baggage to .5%

● ● Increase Commendation/Complaint Increase Commendation/Complaint Ratio to 4:1Ratio to 4:1

SMART Goal SettingSMART Goal Setting

● ● Specific – “90% of Arrivals On-Time”Specific – “90% of Arrivals On-Time”

● ● Measurable – “Based on D.O.T. Measurable – “Based on D.O.T. Statistics”Statistics”

● ● Attainable – “We Only an Increase of Attainable – “We Only an Increase of 1.5%”1.5%”

● ● Results Oriented – “To Decrease Results Oriented – “To Decrease Boarding Times by 5 Minutes”Boarding Times by 5 Minutes”

● ● Target Dates – “In the Next 6 Target Dates – “In the Next 6 Months”Months”

A Brief History of A Brief History of ManagementManagement

Early Management:Early Management:

● ● Egyptians and MesopotamiansEgyptians and Mesopotamians

● ● Forced LaborForced Labor

● ● Harsh Repercussions for non-Harsh Repercussions for non-compliancecompliance

Classical ManagementClassical Management

● ● Started by the Industrial RevolutionStarted by the Industrial Revolution

● ● Geared Towards ManufacturingGeared Towards Manufacturing

Classical ManagementClassical Management

Max WeberMax Weber● ● Bureaucratic OrganizationsBureaucratic Organizations

● ● Positional AuthorityPositional Authority

● ● Charismatic AuthorityCharismatic Authority

● ● Merit Based Pay and RaisesMerit Based Pay and Raises

Classical ManagementClassical Management

Frederick TaylorFrederick Taylor● ● Shop ManagementShop Management published 1903 published 1903

● ● Believed Workers Ration Their Believed Workers Ration Their WorkWork

● ● One Right Way One Right Way

● ● Motion Studies – Bethlehem SteelMotion Studies – Bethlehem Steel

Classical ManagementClassical Management

Frank GilbrethFrank Gilbreth● “● “Father of Time Motion Studies”Father of Time Motion Studies”

● ● Filmed Elemental MotionsFilmed Elemental Motions

● ● Estimated Time FunctionsEstimated Time Functions

● ● Created Ergonomic ToolsCreated Ergonomic Tools

Modern ManagementModern Management

Henri FayolHenri Fayol● “● “Father of Modern Management”Father of Modern Management”

● ● Wrote Wrote General and Industrial General and Industrial ManagementManagement

● ● Created Five Functions of a Manager:Created Five Functions of a Manager:

Plan, Organize, Command, Plan, Organize, Command, Coordinate, ControlCoordinate, Control

Modern ManagementModern Management

Mary Parker FollettMary Parker Follett● ● Universal Goal Universal Goal

● ● Universal Principle Universal Principle

● ● Law of SituationLaw of Situation

Hawthorne StudiesHawthorne Studies

Harvard Business SchoolHarvard Business School● ● Hawthorne EffectHawthorne Effect

● ● Illumination StudyIllumination Study

● ● Group DynamicsGroup Dynamics

Chester BarnardChester Barnard● ● Wrote Wrote Functions of the ExecutiveFunctions of the Executive

● ● Acceptance TheoryAcceptance Theory

● ● Zone of IndifferenceZone of Indifference

Abraham MaslowAbraham Maslow● ● Hierarchy of Needs TheoryHierarchy of Needs Theory

● ● All Humans Have same Basic All Humans Have same Basic Needs:Needs:

Physiological, Safety, Social, Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, Self-ActualizationEsteem, Self-Actualization

Theory XTheory X

● ● Average Human Dislikes WorkAverage Human Dislikes Work

● ● People Must be Coerced, Controlled People Must be Coerced, Controlled and Threatened to Workand Threatened to Work

● ● Average Human Wants to be Average Human Wants to be DirectedDirected

Theory YTheory Y

● ● Average Human Does Not Dislike Average Human Does Not Dislike WorkWork

● ● People Will Exercise Self-DirectionPeople Will Exercise Self-Direction

● ● Average Human Seeks Average Human Seeks ResponsibilityResponsibility

● ● Workers have a High Degree of Workers have a High Degree of Imagination and Problem Solving Imagination and Problem Solving CapabilitiesCapabilities

Human Resources SchoolHuman Resources School

● ● Focused on Leadership and Focused on Leadership and MotivationMotivation

● ● Employees are Creative and Employees are Creative and CompetentCompetent

● ● Employees Want Meaningful WorkEmployees Want Meaningful Work

● ● Employees Want to Participate in Employees Want to Participate in LeadershipLeadership

● ● Employees are an Untapped ResourceEmployees are an Untapped Resource

Systems TheorySystems Theory

● ● All Parts of Organization are All Parts of Organization are ConnectedConnected

● ● Seeks SynergySeeks Synergy

Contingency ViewContingency View

● ● Fit Structure of Organization to Fit Structure of Organization to Outside EventsOutside Events

● ● Situational LeadershipSituational Leadership

● ● Flexible Guidelines for LeadersFlexible Guidelines for Leaders

Total Quality Management - Total Quality Management - TQMTQM

● ● Employee InvolvementEmployee Involvement

● ● Focus on CustomerFocus on Customer

● ● BenchmarkingBenchmarking

● ● Continuous ImprovementContinuous Improvement