MammoGrid European federated mammogram database implemented on a GRID infrastructure presented by Salvator Roberto Amendolia / CERN on behalf of the MammoGrid Consortium HealthGrid Forum Brussels, 20 th September, 2002
Dec 27, 2015
MammoGridEuropean federated
mammogram database implemented on a GRID
infrastructure
presented by Salvator Roberto Amendolia / CERN
on behalf of the MammoGrid ConsortiumHealthGrid Forum
Brussels, 20th September, 2002
20 September 2002 HealthGrid Forum - Brussels MammoGrid Project 2
MammoGrid Consortium• CERN (Technical Coordinator)
– Vitamib (France) - subcontractor Finance/Admin
• Mirada Solutions (UK) – Medical Image Analysis S/W• Univ of Oxford (UK) – Medical Vision Laboratory• Univ of Pisa (I) – Medical Physics section• Univ oF Sassari (I) – Maths & Physics Dept• Univ West of England (UK) – Computing Research• Univ of Cambridge (UK) – Addenbrookes Hospital• Univ Hospital of Udine (I) – Inst of Diagnostic Imaging
– Ospedale Valdese Torino (I) - Breast Screening Unit - subcontr.
– Zybert Computing Ltd. (UK) - Subcontractor for GRIDserver
Project kick-off meeting CERN 18th-19th September 2002
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MammoGrid Objectives1. To evaluate current Grids technologies and determine
the requirements for Grid-compliance in a pan-European mammography database.
2. To implement the MammoGrid database, using novel Grid-compliant and Federated-Database technologies that will provide improved access to distributed data and will allow rapid deployment of software packages to operate on locally stored information.
3. To deploy enhanced versions of a standardization system that enables comparison of mammograms in terms of intrinsic tissue properties independently of scanner settings, and to explore its place in the context of medical image formats (DICOM).
4. To develop software tools to automatically extract image information that can be used to perform quality controls on the acquisition process of participating centres (e.g. average brightness, contrast).
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MammoGrid Objectives (cont.)
5. To develop software tools to automatically extract tissue information that can be used to perform clinical studies (e.g. breast density, presence, number and location of micro-calcifications) in order to increase the performance of breast cancer screening programs.
6. To use the annotated information and the images in the database to benchmark the performance of the software described in points 3, 4 and 5.
7. To exploit the MammoGrid database and the algorithms to propose initial pan-European quality controls on mammographic acquisition and ultimately to provide a benchmarking system to third party algorithms.
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Mammography Diagnosis and GRID.
GRID opens up the possibility of addressing important clinical needs in radiology:
- Data sharing among clinicians for second review diagnosis.
- Image Based epidemiological studies- Computer Aided Quality Control in Acquisition and Diagnosis- Validation of Computer Aided Diagnosis Systems
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A GRID INFRASTRUCTURE IS IDEALA GRID INFRASTRUCTURE IS IDEALThe databases to statistically validate image based clinical hypothesis are:
Populated by large number of cases Contain large files (1 mammogram
10Mb+) Geographically distributed repositories Heterogenous database formats Need to be accessible to co-workers
Development and validation of medical image analysis solutions demands:
Computationally expensive simulations. Repeated runs for optimal parameter tuning. Statistical test rigs. Remote execution and maintenance
Services (e.g. security) must be system-resident, invisible, generic
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Mammo GRID Philosophy• Project concentrates on applying emerging GRID technology rather
on developing it.• It plans to implement a ‘lightweight’ (but fully functional) GRID and
study its usage in hospitals• It will draw heavily on other Grids projects e.g. DataGrid• It will deliver a prototype federated database of mammograms in
hospitals in the UK and Italy• It will investigate :
– the role of Grids-based meta-data for resolving queries– the use of standardised mammogram to resolve image and
population variability – Health data security using a novel ‘Grid box’– the infrastructure needed for CADe
• It will provide rapid feedback from the Hospital community• And should inform the next generation of HealthGrids developments
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HEP vs Mammogrid
• Similarities– Large number of big files – Files can be sensibly organized in directory tree– Need to replicate and move file copies between sites– Need to execute commands on the node which hosts
data locally
• Difficulties– Complexity of co-working in medical environment– Lack of trained IT personnel – Confidentiality
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Problem • Typical next generation HEP experiment
– Large scale simulation & reconstruction effort– Heavily distributed processing and event storage
• ~1000 scientists in ~100 of institutions– Complex analyses of distributed data– Large files (one event up to 2GB)
10^9 files/year (x n, n>2)2 PB/year
• Experiment lifetime – 20-25 years
• GRID – Widely accepted as a solution
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The challenge in HEP
Can we provide, building on top of available public domain and open source components and standards, a functional distributed computing infrastructure to the community of our users which will remain operational even if underlying technologies keep changing?
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One HEP solution• AliEn framework
– Lightweight, simplified but fully functional GRID implementation
– Distributed file catalogue with support for replication– Strong (certificate) based authentication – Resource broker – Possibility to submit and execute commands in the system
• It makes extensive use of Open Source components and the latest internet standards (SOAP, Web services, OpenSSL, OpenLDAP, Globus, MySQL, perl, CPAN)
• AliEn provides coherent interface and shields user from rapid changes in underlying technology
• On mid to long term, ALICE experiment remains committed to integrate AliEn with DataGRID solutions as they become available
• Given the worldwide nature of ALICE computing, AliEn will be interfaced to other GRID solutions (U.S., Asia, Japan..)
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AliEn and Open Source
Benefits of development based on OpenSource components are more than obvious…
1%
99%
AliEn
Open SourceModules
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Some AliEn featuresAuthentication module which supports various authentication methods (including Globus/GSI)Distributed file catalogue built on top of RDBMS with user interface that mimics the file system Secure file transport and replication ServiceTask queue which holds commands to be executed in the system (commands, inputs and outputs are all registered in catalogue)Computing and Storage elementsMetadata catalogue Monitoring frameworkC/C++/perl APIWeb portal
EDG compatible authentication and JDL
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GRID of GRIDs
AliEn User Interface
AliEn stackiVDGL stack EDG stack
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Federated System SolutionHospital Italy
Healthcare Institute
University Database
Hospital UK
Shared meta-data
Analysis-specific data
•Knowledge is stored alongside data•Active (meta-)objects manage various versions of data and algorithms•Small network bandwidth required
Clinician’s Workstations
QueryResult
LocalQuery
LocalAnalysis
LocalAnalysis
LocalAnalysis
LocalAnalysis
Massively distributed dataAND distributed analyses
GRIDLocalQuery
LocalQuery
LocalQuery
20 September 2002 HealthGrid Forum - Brussels MammoGrid Project 16
MammoGrid Workpackages• WP 1 Project Management• WP 2 User Requirements Specifications• WP 3 Information System Architecture and Grid
Compliance• WP 4 Local Node Implementation• WP 5 Integration Environment• WP 6 Standardisation Software• WP 7 Acquisition Control Software for a Grid deployment
scenario.• WP 8 Software for CAD Diagnosis and QC in a Grid deployment
scenario.• WP 9 Pilot Study 1: Breast Density Measurements in a Grid
deployment Scenario• WP10 Pilot Study 2: CAD for Quality Control in a Grid deployment
scenario
• WP11 Dissemination & Exploitation
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MammoGrid Implementation
Use case/validation
UserReq’s
& Specs
GRID/DBinfrastructure
H/Wlocal node implem.
StandardisationS/W.
Application S/W
Dissemination & Exploitation
Project Management
WP 2CERN/UWE
Hospitals
WP 3 - CERN/UWE
WP 4 - Mirada
WP 6 - Mirada
Integrationtest bed
WP 5 - CERN
WP 7&8 - Oxford,Pisa/Sassari
WP 9&10Cambridge
Udine
WP 11 - All
WP 1 - CERN (Vitamib)
spec
ific
atio
ns
Info
rmat
ion
infr
astr
uctu
re
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Main Deliverables/milestones
• User Requirements Specification and Technical System Specification (months 3, 6)
• Prototype GRID-compliant database and information infrastructure (first release m. 18, final rel. m. 36)
• Packaged medical imaging workstation with interface to GRID, secure GRID box, (month 12)
• Grid compliant SMF software (month 12)• Application software (CADe etc.) (months 12, 24,
36) • Clinical Trial results (month 24, 36)
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Dissemination & Clustering• “GRID related” dissemination efforts
– CERN/UWE members of Global Grid Forum, GGF and of the Object Management Group, OMG
– CERN already in GRIDSTART for dissemination and closely working with DataGrid. UWE to join.
– Pursue relationship with EU funded GRID projects (e.g. CROSSGRID, BIOGRID, GEMSS)
– Develop relationship with NDMA project (USA)
• “Clinical dissemination”– Advisory Group (Oxford, Torino, IMIM & GEIE-LINC) to give
visibility to future MammoGrid partners.
• “Medical Image Analysis dissemination”– Academic dissemination through targeted conferences and
journals in computer science & medical informatics
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Exploitation• Mirada
– Establish SMF as a standard for breast density measurement.– Establish SMF as a standard for mammogram data exchange.– Prototype SMF based review workstation for CADiagnosis.
• CERN/UWE – Study the spinning-out of GRID/database technologies to address
needs in healthcare
• Oxford– Develop patentable technologies for medical image analysis
products.– Transfer of technology agreement with Mirada.
• Pisa/Sassari– Develop patentable technologies for medical image analysis
products.
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MammoGrid Added ValuePrevious EC projects MammoGrid
• Distributed network of medical images DB (Medimedia)
• GroupWare collaborative platform (Horizon)
• Remote consultation/diagnostic, (Europath)
• Case-by-case security implementations
• Point-to-point connectivity on the Web
• Multiple federated mammogram databases
• Clinicians tele- and co-working in new and innovative groupings (‘virtual organisations’)
• Distributed and ubiquitous analysis and diagnosis
• Security handled by services’ on the Grid’
• Massive connectivity and datasets with massive available compute power
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eDiamond (UK) and GP-CALMA (I)
• similar approach, one UK based, one Italy based, one Europe wide
• synergy!!• Different areas of application
• Teaching & CPD eDiamond• Tele-diagnosis GP-CALMA• Quality control MammoGrid• Epidemiology MammoGrid• Algorithm development: data mining
eDiamond• CADe development GP-CALMA
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GRID - which one?• One year ago GRID projects were still in their infancy
• Globus Toolkit™ – Open source toolkit for building GRID infrastructure and
applications– APIs, SDKs, and tools which implement Grid protocols & services
• Components Globus Toolkit™ are used in many current GRID (including EU DataGrid) projects but…– toolkit is only a toolkit– someone has to do integration work
• Emerging new technologies and standards– Web services, W3 standard protocols..– B2B solution, not specifically designed to support massive
distributed computing
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“Web Services”• Geneva, May 2001:
– Instead of using Globus toolkit or waiting for DataGRID to deliver re-packaged version of Globus, we decided to try different path and use Web Services and related standards as a backbone of our GRID implementation
• Web Services - components– WSDL: Web Services Description Language
• Interface Definition Language for Web services– SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol
• XML-based RPC protocol; common WSDL target– UDDI: Universal Desc., Discovery, & Integration
• Directory for Web services
GGF in Toronto, February 2002 : Web Services declared as a key element of new OGSA (Open Grid Services Architecture) initiative
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AliEn Open Source Components
• SASL/OpenSSL/OpenCA as authentication protocol• Globus/GSS as an implementation of authentication
compatible with other Grid projects• ClassAds language for job description (compatible with
EU DataGrid) • OpenLDAP for configuration management• Apache for Web Portal• MySQL as relational database backend
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Conclusions on AliEn
• After just one year of development with limited resources, AliEn has become a lightweight, simplified but fully functional GRID implementation
• Adding AliEn interface between our application and external GRID infrastructure – Allows us early prototyping of GRID technology– Enables massive distributed production– Protects users from rapid changes in technology
• It makes extensive use of Open Source components and the latest internet standards (SOAP, OpenSSL, OpenLDAP, Globus, MySQL,
• These components and modules are interchangeable and easily replaceable by other (possibly non-OpenSource) components offering the same functionality
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(…)
mamogrid.cern.ch
Region#1 Region#2 Region#3
Hospital#1 Hospital#2
Town#1 Town#2 Town#3
Hospital#1 Hopsital#2 Hospital#3
User
It is possible to define an abstract interface (API to be used by Mirada Workstation) for which we will provide an implementation based on AliEn.
If there is clear benefit for our project, we could consider using
WebSphere as UDDI service
DB2 as relational DB backend
However, this has not been planned and would require additional effort.
In our current picture, GridBox will act as adapter between GRID (services) and Mirada Workstation