Male Reproductive Systems: For Discussion: True or False? 2. Sperm cells are considered by a man’s immune system as “non-self” and are attacked by a man’s.

Male Reproductive Systems: For Discussion: True or False?

2. Sperm cells are considered by a man’s immune system as “non-self” and are attacked by a man’s own white blood cells.

1. Sperm cells in the female reproductive tract are considered by a woman’s immune system to be “non-self” and are attacked by her phagocytic white blood cells.

3. A woman, in her reproductive lifetime, has the potential to produce about 500,000 eggs, but she will only ever use about 500.

True

True

True

4. The average man, in a single average ejaculation of semen, emits more reproductive cells than the average woman produces in her

reproductive lifetime. True, about 420 million per average ejaculate, he produces about 4 million/hour

5. Only one sperm may fertilize an egg in humans.

True

True

6. Only about 1 in 42,000 sperm, or 0.00238 % of the sperm in an average ejaculation reach the egg.

The Male Reproductive System -________ and __________ _______ _____ and__________ them, along with their ___________ _______, into the _______ ____________ _____-________ and ________ _____ ____ _________

Urinary bladder

Pubic bone

Ductus (vas)deferens

Urethra

Corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiusum

Glans penis

Prepuce (foreskin)

Ureter

Large intestine

Seminal vesicle

Ejaculatory duct

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s)gland

Anus

Epididymus

TestisScrotum

Penis

produces maintains spermcells transports

supporting fluidsfemale reproductive tractproduces secretes male sexhormones

The Male Reproductive System

I. Testes -_____ ________ ____ _______-_______ ______ and _____ ____ _________-_______ within the _________-_____ within the __________ _______, __________ by ___________ to _________ into the _________ ____ _______ before _____ through the ________ ______, led by the _____________, which ________ the ______ to the _______ of the ________

Ever hear of a“gubanatorialelection”? It’sfrom the Latinfor “steersman!”

Rx – Inguinal hernia -in about ___________ of ______, the _______ of ___________ that _______ through the _________ ______ _________ _____; _________ for a _____ of _________ to be _______ through the _________ ______ under ______ _________, like getting_________ in a ________ ______

vaginalprocess

male primary sex organsproduce sperm male sex hormoneshoused scrotumform abdominal cavity stimulatedtestosterone descend scrotum 1-2months birth inguinal canal

gubernaculum anchors testisbottom scrotum

one-fourth males pouchperitoneum moves inguinalcanal remains open allowing loop

intestine forced inguinalcanal great pressuredogpiled football game

I. Testes

Rx – Cryptorchidism -_______ of ____ or _____ of the ______ to ________ into the ________, which has an _______ ____________ of about _______ (_____)-________ ______ ____________, ______ (_______) is too _____ for _______ to ________-______-__________ _____ __________, _______ to _________-______ to __________ _____ of _________ _______

Rx – Inguinal hernia -if the _____ becomes ___________ in the ________ ______, the ______ _______ can be ____ ____, ________ a ____________ _______, in which the ______ will ____ without ________ ________ _________

loop constricted inguinalcanal blood supply cut offcreating strangulated herniatissue die prompt surgicaltreatment

failure one both testesdescend scrotum internaltemperature 34.4 ºC 94 ºFinternal body temperature 37 ºC98.6 ºF high sperm survivesperm producing cells degenerate leading

infertilityleads increased risk testicularcancer

I. Testes -structureA. Tunica albuginea -______, ______ ________ ________

___________ each ______ and ___________ the ______ of each ______ into about _____ ________

Tunica albuginea

tough white fibrous capsulesurrounding testissubdividing inside testis

250 lobules

I. Testes -structure

B. Seminiferous tubules -each _______ ________ ____ ______ ____________ ________, each about ___ ___ _____ (____ _____ _______), which ______ to _____ the ____ _____, which in turn _____ ______ that ______ into the ___________, which __________ into the _______ _______

Rete testis

Epididymus

Ductus deferens

-_____ within the ______ of the ____________ ________ called _____________ ______ by ________ when __________ by ___________ to _______ _______ _____________, which ______ by ________ to ________ ____________Seminiferous

tubules

SpermatozoaSpermatogonia

lobule contains 1-4 coiledseminiferous tubules70 cm long 210 total meters

unite form retetestis form ducts

empty epididymuscontinues ductus

deferens

cells wallsseminiferous tubulesspermatogonia divide mitosis

stimulated testosteroneproduce primary spermatocytes

divide meiosisproduce spermatozoa

I. Testes

B. Seminiferous tubules

Basement membrane

New Type Aspermatogonium

New Type Bspermatogonium

Tight junction

Primaryspermatocyte

Secondaryspermatocyte

Spermatid

Nucleus ofsustentacular cell

Sustentacularcells

Spermatozoa

The sustenacular cells andthe tight junctions betweenthem form the blood-testisbarrier, which preventsaccess to the sperm by thewhite blood cells, whichwould attack them as “non-self”

I. Testes

B. Seminiferous tubules

1. Spermatogenesis -________ of _______ within the ______ of the ____________ _______-__________ at ________, an _______ in ___________ ________ ________ of the ________ _____________

Primaryspermatocyte

2n=46

Meiosis IReduction division

Secondaryspermatocytes

n=23

n=23

n

n

n

n

Meiosis IIMitotic division

spermatids

Maturation

n

n

n

n

spermatozoa

creation spermwalls seminiferous tubulesbeginning puberty increase

testosterone triggers meiosisprimary spermatocyte

I. Testes

B. Seminiferous tubules

1. Spermatogenesis

During synapsis ofhomologous chromosomes

during Prophase I, crossingover occurs, resulting in new

genetic variation

-from ________ to ____ ____, a _____ can ________ about ____ ________ ______ per ____, ________ _______ ______ in ______ is ____ ________ ______ per ___, _____ than ___ _______ ______ per ___ = _________

puberty old age manproduce 100 million

sperm day average spermcount semen 120 millionsperm mL less 20million sperm mL infertility

I. Testes

B. Seminiferous tubules

1. Spermatogenesis

a. Sperm structure

Acrosome

NucleusHead

Midpiece

Tail (flagellum)

i. Head -_____ up of the _________, which ______ the ______ to _______ its ____ into the ____, and a ______ _________ _______, which _________ ___ ____________ in their _______ ______ (_________)

ii. Midpiece -________ ____________ to ________ _______ to ____ the ____

iii. Tail -a ______ __________

made acrosomeallows sperm digest way

egg highly compactednucleus contains 23chromosomes diffuse statechromatin

contains mitochondriaprovide energy lashtail

single flagellum

I. Testes

Rx – Testicular Cancer -________ for only about ____ of the ________ in ____ in the _____, ________ about ____ ______ _____ _____

-_____ ________ _____ of _______ in ______ ____, _____ ______, ______ from _________ ______ of ________

-______ with the ________ ________ (___________) of the _________ _______ and ________ and/or _____________ to ________ ____________

-______ _____ of the _____

-_________ is on the ____ for ___ _____, _________ is the ________ among ______ ____, _________ those of _____________ ________

accounts 1% cancersmen U.S. causing 390 deathseach year

most common type cancer youngmen ages 15-34 arises epithelialtissue tubules

treated surgical removalorchiectomy affected testicle

radiation chemotherapy preventreoccurrence

cured 95% time

incidence rise all menincidence highest white menespecially Scandinavian descent

I. Testes

C. Interstitial Cells -_____ of _______-___ between ____________ ________ in ______

-________ and _______ the _____ ____ _________ into the ____________

Interstitial cells

Seminiferous tubules

cells Leydiglie seminiferous tubulestestes

produce secrete male sexhormones bloodstream

Molecular Structureof Testosterone

II. Epididymides -_____ (____) ______ _______ _______ from ____ and ________ down the _____ of the _____-___________ with ______ inside ______, _______ the __________, ___________ _______ from _____________ ________

Epididymis

-______ of ___________ ________ _________ and other __________ that ________ ______ and _________ their __________, __________ __________ _____________ ______ ______ ______ the _______ of the ___________, _______ __________ ____________ during _________ of ________ _______ ______ into ______ ________

long 6 m coiled tubules emergetop descend back testescontinuous ducts testes receive

immature non-motile spermseminiferous tubules

cells epididymis secrete glycogensubstances support sperm

promote maturation rhythmicperistaltic contractions move spermdown length epididymis violentperistaltic contractions emissionorgasm propel sperm ductus deferens

Ductusdeferens

III. Ductus (Vas) Deferentia

Epididymis

-_________ ______ ___ ___ _____ ________ from the ______ ____ of the ___________ and through the _______ ______ to _____ with the _____ of the ________ ________ to _____ the ___________ _____

Ductusdeferens

Seminalvesicle

Ejaculatoryduct

-_________ together with the ______, ________, and _______ that _______ the ______ to _____ the _________ ______, which ______ are __________ from-________ __________ ____________ during _________ _______ ______ into ___________ _____ to ____ with the __________ of the ________ ________ and ________ ______ to ______ _______, which _____ the ________

muscular tubes 45 cm longleading lower endepididymis inguinalcanal fuse ductsseminal vesicles formejaculatory duct

sheathed veinsarteries nerves supply

testes form spermaticcord testes suspended

violent peristaltic contractionsemission propel sperm

ejaculatory duct mixsecretions seminal

vesicles prostate glandform semen fillsurethra

IV. Seminal Vesicles

Epididymis

Ductusdeferens

Seminalvesicle

Ejaculatoryduct

-________ during _________ to ________ a ________ _________ ______ to ________ _______ from becoming too ______ as it ________ through the ________

-________ ______ also ________ ________ to ________ _______ for the ______ as they ______ and _______________, which _________ _______ ____________ within the _______ ____________ _____, _______ in the __________ of _______ towards the _____ (can also _____ _______ ______)

contract emission secreteslightly alkaline fluid preventsemen acidictravels urethra

seminal fluid contains fructoseprovide energy spermswim prostaglandlinsstimulate muscle contractionsfemale reproductive tract aiding

movement sperm egghelp initiate labor

V. Prostate Gland

Epididymis

Ductusdeferens

Seminalvesicle

Ejaculatoryduct

-_________ to ________ a _____, ______ ________ _____ that ______ the _____ of _______, ____________ ______ ______ _________ _________ by the ______ that ________ their ________

-_________ _________ ________ of ______ and __________ the much more ______ ________ of the _______ to _______ ______

Prostategland

contracts secrete thin milkyalkaline fluid forms bulksemen neutralizing acidic wasteproducts produced sperminhibits motility

alkalinity enhances motility spermneutralizes acidic contents

vagina protect sperm

V. Prostate Gland

Rx – Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy -___________ of the ________ _____ in ____ of ___ _____ over ____ ___, and ____ of ___ _____ over ____ ___

-________ on ________ ______ to __________ _________ of ________ and ______ _________, which can _____ to _________, ________ _______ and _______ ________

-can also ________ ________ ______

enlargement prostate gland50% all men age 50

90% all men age 70

pressure bladder leadsincreased frequency urination

urine retentionlead infection bladderstones kidney disease

indicate prostate cancer

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18005.jpg

V. Prostate Gland

Rx – Prostate Cancer -______ ________ _______ in _____ after _____ _______, ________ _____ ______ per _____, _____ in _____ over ____ ___, ________ _______ _______ _______ per _____

-______ ________ in ________ __________ _____ than in __________ _____, _______ _________ perhaps ______ to a ____ _____ in _________ ___

-_______ by ________ ________ of ______ ________ and __________ ___________ _______ _______, and __________

http://health.allrefer.com/health/prostate-cancer-prostate-cancer.html

most common cancer men skincancer 235,000 new cases year70% men age 65 causing 27,000cancer deaths yearmore common African American men

Caucasian men genetic tendencylinked diet high saturated fat

treated surgical removal entireprostate sometimes surrounding lymphnodes radiation

VI. Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Gland

Epididymis

Ductusdeferens

Seminalvesicle

Ejaculatoryduct

-________ a ______ ________ of _______-_____ ______ in _________ to _______ ___________, which _______ the _______ of _____ _______ ______ to ___________ and _________ __________ for _______ ____________

Prostategland

Bulbourethralglands

secretes small amountmucus like fluid

response sexualstimulation cleanses

urethra urine residuesprior ejaculationprovides lubricationsexual intercourse

VII. Scrotum -_______ _______-________ and __________ ____________ at _______ (_____)-_______ _______ _________ to ________ _______ as _____ of the _______ _________ to ________ ________ ______ have to ______ during _________, _________ to _______ ______ to ________ them from _____ and to ________ them from _________ ________ in _________ to __________ of ______- ___- ______ ___________-_______ with ____ to ________ ______

VIII. Penis -_____ __________ ______-_______ ________, which ________ ______ and ______ to the ________ of the ______ -________ _______ _______, which _______ the ______ to become _________ with ______ so that it becomes ______ and can _________ _______

houses testesprotects regulates temperature 34.4 °C94 °Fdartos muscle contracts elevate testes

part sexual response shortendistance sperm travel emissioncontracts elevate testes protect

cold protect physicaldamage response activation ‘fightor flight’ mechanism

padded fat protect testes

male copulatory organhouses urethra conveys urine semen

outside bodycontains erectile tissues enable penis

engorged blooderect penetrate vagina

VIII. Penis

Corpusspongiosum

Corpuscavernosa

Penis

A. Erectile tissues -_______ __________ and _______ ___________

-____ with ______ in ________ to _______ ___________, as _______________ ______ _________ cause ________ ________ into ________ _______ to ______, __________ ______ _____ and at the ______ _____ _________ ______ _______ out of _______ _______ _____, _____________ of ______ ______ to ________

Corpus cavernosa Corpusspongiosum

fill blood response sexualstimulation parasympathetic nerveimpulses arteries leadingerectile tissues dilate increasingblood flow same timepressing veins leading erectiletissues flat accumulation bloodleads erection

VIII. Penis

Corpusspongiosum

Corpuscavernosa

Penis

B. Glans penis

Glanspenis

-_____-_______ ______ ____ of ______-_______ ________ _________ ________-________ by the _______-_____ ________ (________), which is ______ ________ at _____ by the _________ __________ of ____________

-_____-________, with ______ ________ _________ for _______ ___________

External urethral orifice

Prepuce

cone shaped distal end penishouses external urethral orifice

covered sheath like prepuceforeskin often removed birth

surgical procedure circumcision

thin skinned many sensoryreceptors sexual stimulation

VIII. Penis -during ________, the ________ of _________ ______ ______ with the __________ of the ________ _______, ________ ______, and _____________ ______, ______ the _______ with _______ of ______ __________ ________ ________ ______

-during __________, ________ ________ at the _____ of the _______ ________ of the ______ _________, _________ the _________ in the _______ ________, and ________ ______ from the ________ at a ______ of _______ (_______), ___________ ______ ____ up into the _______ _____ the _______

orgasm process emission mixessperm secretions seminal vesiclesprostate gland bulbourethral glands filling

urethra 2-5 mL semen containing240-600 million sperm

ejaculation skeletal muscles baseerectile columns penis contract

increasing pressure erectile tissuesforcing semen urethra speed

29 kph 18 mph depositing semen farvagina near cervix

VIII. Penis

Rx – Erectile Dysfunction -impotence, the inability of the penis to become erect or sustain an erection-usually a complicating factor of diabetes, paralysis, prostate surgery, or drug use-most often treated with therapy by drugs like Viagra®, which blocks the enzymatic break- down of the neurotransmitter cGMP, which relaxes the arteries leading into the erectile tissues, allowing them to dilate