Male reproductive system Anatomy and physiology Kristina Njerš Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat.

Male reproductive systemMale reproductive system

Anatomy and physiologyAnatomy and physiology

Kristina NjeršKristina NjeršMentor: A. Žmegač HorvatMentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

Male reproducitve Male reproducitve system,anatomy(MRSA)system,anatomy(MRSA)

TestisTestis,,

ScrotScrotumum

EpididyEpididymismis

Vas Vas (ductus)(ductus)deferensdeferens

Seminal Seminal vesiclevesicle

Prostate Prostate glandgland

UrethUrethrara

Bulbourethral Bulbourethral (Cowper`s) (Cowper`s)

glandgland

PenisPenis

EjaculatorEjaculatory ducty duct

Functions of the MRS:Functions of the MRS:

1. Production, retention and 1. Production, retention and transport of sementransport of semen

2. Production and secretion of 2. Production and secretion of testosteronetestosterone

3. Ejaculation - sperm 3. Ejaculation - sperm discharge during intercoursedischarge during intercourse

TestisTestis - - in scrotum (27 degrees C)in scrotum (27 degrees C) -seminiferous tubules - germ cells - -seminiferous tubules - germ cells -

spermatogenesisspermatogenesis -Sertoli cells-Sertoli cells -interstitial cells - Leydig cells - -interstitial cells - Leydig cells -

testosteronetestosterone

Spermatogenesis (3 major Spermatogenesis (3 major parts)parts)mitosismitosis- - the multiplication of the multiplication of

spermatogoniaspermatogonia

meiosismeiosis- - reduction of reduction of chromosome number from chromosome number from diploid to haploiddiploid to haploid

spermiogenesisspermiogenesis --transformation of transformation of spermatid into the spermatid into the spermatozoonspermatozoon

Spermatozoa or sperms are Spermatozoa or sperms are first produced at puberty,first produced at puberty,

spermatogenic activity is spermatogenic activity is maintained into old agemaintained into old age

Spermatozoon(sperm cell)Spermatozoon(sperm cell)

The headThe headAcrosomeAcrosome - -

enzyme activityenzyme activity

The tailThe tailMitochondria - Mitochondria -

motilitymotility

secretory and secretory and structural support to structural support to the germ cellsthe germ cells

(spermatogenesis)(spermatogenesis)

create a blood-testis create a blood-testis barrierbarrier

Sertoli cellsSertoli cells

Endocrinology of male Endocrinology of male reproductionreproduction

Epididymis Epididymis - upon lateral edge of posterior border - upon lateral edge of posterior border of the testisof the testis

- caput, corpus, cauda- caput, corpus, cauda - spermatozoa conduit and reservoir- spermatozoa conduit and reservoir - spematozoon gets motilily and - spematozoon gets motilily and

fertilizing capacityfertilizing capacity

Vas deferensVas deferens - in the spermatic cord - in the spermatic cord - scrotal, inguinal, retroperitoneal - scrotal, inguinal, retroperitoneal

portionsportions - peristaltic contractions during - peristaltic contractions during

ejaculationejaculation

Spermatic cordSpermatic cord - connective tissue sheath - connective tissue sheath - contains - ductus deferens,- contains - ductus deferens, - testicular blood vessels- testicular blood vessels - nerves- nerves

Seminal vesiclesSeminal vesicles - posterior to the urinary - posterior to the urinary bladderbladder

- alkaline secretion - enhances - alkaline secretion - enhances spermatozoic mobilityspermatozoic mobility

- energy source (fructose)- energy source (fructose) - most of the volume of ejaculated - most of the volume of ejaculated semensemen

Ejaculatory ductEjaculatory duct - - ductus deferensductus deferens + + seminalseminal vesiclevesicle duct duct

Prostate glandProstate gland - encircles - encircles upper end of urethra upper end of urethra - muscular gland - smooth muscle - muscular gland - smooth muscle

contracts during ejaculationcontracts during ejaculation- secretion - helps motlity of sperm- secretion - helps motlity of sperm

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper`s)Bulbourethral glands (Cowper`s) - below the - below the prostate prostate

- secretion - empty into - secretion - empty into urethraurethra

SemenSemen-combination of fluid and -combination of fluid and spermatozoa (spermatozoa (<<1%)1%)

- root- root

- body- body

- 3 circular-shaped - 3 circular-shaped chamberschambers

- sponge-like erectile - sponge-like erectile tissuetissue

- vascular sinuses- vascular sinuses

- vasodilatation - - vasodilatation - erectionerection

- glans penis- glans penis

- foreskin (prepuce)- foreskin (prepuce)

- circumcision- circumcision

- nerve endings- nerve endings

PenisPenis

Thank you! Thank you!