Maldives Presentation - Muawiyath Shareef

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Maldives experience on energy storage for an Island

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION• National profile• Energy sector• Government Policies• RE Resources & Potential Technologies• SREP, Investment Plan• Case study, island of Adh. Mandhoo, Maldives• Barriers and challenges

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National Profile:

• Maldives consists of 1,190 islands

• 199 Inhabited islands

• Total land mass of the country is about 300km2

• Size of the islands range b/w (0.2 – 5km2)

• Total population of Maldives is 330,000 plus

• Main economic activities are Tourism & Fishing

• No proven non renewable energy sources

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Energy sector

Entirely depend on imported fossil fuel in meeting energy demand.

Fuel import bill is 16% of GDP equivalent to US$ 0.24 billion (2010)

Total primary energy consumption,2009 ‐ 340,311 toe

24% Male’, 42% 100 Resorts , 21% 200 Islands and 13% Transport.

Total GHG emissions in 2009 was 1,030,157 tons of CO2 equivalent

Large amount of imported diesel is used for electricity generation

and transportation

Almost 42% of the diesel oil is used for electricity production at

tourist resorts

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Total Installed Capacity 240MW

62 MW

Greater Male’

120MW

Resorts

55MW

Other Islands

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Government Policies

• Provide a continuous, reliable and affordable energy supply to all

islands.

Reduce fossil fuel and promote RE.

• Promote energy conservation & efficiency without hindering the

quality of the services provided.

Promote energy efficiency in electricity production,

distribution and usage.

Conduct a public awareness campaign to promote

energy efficient products and practices.

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Government Policies, Cont…

• Enhance national energy security by promoting renewable &

environmentally sound sources of energy.

Introduce and demonstrate sustainable solar and wind

energy applications.

• Strengthen the institutional framework of

the energy sector.

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RE Sources & Potential Technologies

Solar

• Maldives is located in the Equator and receives abundant solar

energy.

• Maldives Receives about 400 Million MW of Solar Energy Per

Annum.

• Average Sunny Days Per Annum – 280 – 300 Sunny Days

• Daily Average Global Irradiation in Maldives is

4.5 6 kWh/m2/day‐

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RE Sources & Potential Technologies, Cont…

Existing technology usage

• Solar PV

– Power generation (pilot systems, resorts)

– Telecommunications

– Navigation lights

• Solar Thermal

– Water heating (Resorts and hotels)

• Wind

– Power generation (pilot systems)

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Installed & Ongoing RE Projects

In Male’, The Capital

• Project for Clean Energy Promotion in Male’ (Ongoing)

• 775kWp Solar roof top PV , (10 sites)

• Grid connected feeding in

• Govt. owned, operated by STELCO

• Grant Aid ($11million)– Japan

Island of Thinadhoo

• Clean Energy for Climate Mitigation (CECM) Project

• 300kWp Solar roof top PV (Grid connected feeding in)

• Govt. owned, operated by FENAKA

• Grant Aid, Multi-donor, Climate Change Trust Fund (MCCTF)

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Installed & Ongoing RE Projects

In 6 islands Male’ atoll.

• Project for 6 island RE promotion (Ongoing)

• 644kW Solar roof top PV

• Without storage

• Grid connected feeding in

• Installed by private company (REM)

• Power buys by STELCO under a power purchasing

agreement

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Scaling-up Renewable Energy Program (SREP) IP

30 different islands’ power project

• 15 islands Power system rehabilitation.

• Upgrade to reduce generation & distribution losses.

• 15 power system healthy islands feed 30% RE

• 5MW (3MW Solar PV and 2MW wind)

• Without storage

• Grid connected feeding in

• Installed by private company(s)

• Power buys by FENAKA under a power purchasing

agreement

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Scaling-up Renewable Energy Program (SREP) IP, Cont.

10 small different islands’ power project

• 100% power by RE

• Approximately 2MW

• With storage

• Installed by private company(s)

• Power buys by FENAKA under a power purchasing

agreement

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Case study, Adh. Mandhoo, Maldives (Population 330) in 2004

Storage technology.

PV Capacity: 12kWp

Battery capacity: 108kWh

With inverter

Location.

Adh Mandhoo, Maldives

Electricity system type.

Diesel/Solar/ Battery

System size.

Diesel Generator: 22kW x 2

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Consumption & Load pattern• Daily peak load, 194kWh• With 10% network loss, 68900kWh / yearOperation• Hybrid PV- Diesel system• PV- Battery or Diesel generator with manual Change-over

• 07:00 to 17:30 Solar, battery start feeding through inverter

• Solar radiation increases PV gradually takes over load

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Points to consider for investors.

• Maldives has abundance of sunshine throughout the year.

• Annual nation electricity growth demand 8%

• Solar (with storage) is competitive with current sources of electricity

• Minimizes CO2 considerably

• Latest bid for 15 islands Solar PV, 24 parties bought prequalification

document and 14 parties submitted it, mostly international parties

that proves existing investor confidence.

Thank you