MALDIVES NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Final NSDS Workshop 10 th to 12 th September 2009 AIT C f C Th il d f & AIT Conference Center, Thailand Ministry of Housing, Transport & Environment
MALDIVES NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLEFOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Final NSDS Workshop
10th to 12th September 2009
AIT C f C Th il d
f &
AIT Conference Center, Thailand
Ministry of Housing, Transport & Environment
NSDS GoalsNSDS Goals
Adapt to Climate ChangeAdapt to Climate ChangeProtect Coral ReefsAchieve Carbon Neutrality in EnergyAchieve Carbon Neutrality in EnergyEnsure Food SecurityE C b N t l T t S tEnsure Carbon Neutral Transport SystemProtect Public HealthAchieve full Employment & Ensure Social Security
Adapt to Climate ChangeAdapt to Climate Change
Objectives TargetsObjectiveso Make the inhabited islands
resilient against the threats posed by global CC
Targets
• Build coastal defence for Male’ International Airport
posed by global CCo Protect Critical Infrastructure
from sea induced hazards & predicted CC impacts
& Gan International Airport
• Develop coastal defences around 10 islandspredicted CC impacts
o Provide innovative coastal protection for selected islands & Tourist Resorts
around 10 islands
• Train 40 coastal engineers
islands & Tourist Resortso Strengthen capacity in all
dimensions for CZM
Adapt to Climate Change
Status & TrendsSixth small islandsOver 80% of the land area is less than 1m above mean high tide levelhigh tide levelOver 44% of settlement lives within 100 m of coastline97% of islands report erosion casesMost of the critical infrastructures located within 100m of coastlineAdaption measures need an urgency Historical events shows such failuresfailures
Protect Coral ReefsProtect Coral Reefs
Objectives TargetsObjectiveso Minimize human stress on
coral Reefs of Maldiveso Develop policy & legal
Targets
o Give protected status to five percent of the coral reef o Develop policy & legal
framework to protect & manage coral reefs
o Develop the capacity of
areas
o Ban reclamation of reef areas and fish breedingp p y
national organizations and communities to manage coral reef environment.I th k l d b
areas and fish breeding grounds
o Ban export of reef fish o Increase the knowledge base
and understanding of the natural processes in coral reefs.
p
Protect Coral ReefsProtect Coral ReefsStatus & Trends
Seventh largest reefs Two Worlds largest natural atollsOne of the richest biodiversityyUSD $1 billion is the present investment on tourist resortsCountry second industry Fishery depends on coral reefs20% of population depend on FisheriesDirect impacts on Food securityTourism sector & reef fishing depends on coral reefCoral bleachingCoral bleaching Reefs appear to be growing outwards laterally & filling up insideReef heath severely effected by humans
Achieve Carbon Neutrality in Energy
Objectives TargetsObjectiveso Make Energy Supply secure &
Affordableo Reverse the increasing dependency on
di l d l t i it ti i
Targets o Become carbon neutral in the
energy sector by 2020% f h ldiesel powered electricity generation in
the Maldives & limit CCo Provide for reliable delivery of energy &
guard against energy emergencieso Invest in advanced energy technologies
o Ensure 50% of the electricity is from renewable sources by 2015A hi 50% d i bo Invest in advanced energy technologies
that will enable Carbon Neutrality & improve energy efficiency
o Acquire & demonstrate sound water technologies suitable to small coral
o Achieve a 50% reduction by 2015 in energy sector GHG compared to 2000 levelsR h i f 7 5% f fi l
gisland environment o Reach a saving of 7.5% of final
energy consumption over 10 years until 2020 through efficiencyefficiency
Achieve Carbon Neutrality in EnergyEnergy
Status & TrendsStatus & TrendsExtreme dependency on imported fossil fuelsTotal of 299157 MT of fossil fuel and a total of CIF value Rf 2.6 billionElectric sector a main consumerConsumption of 14 5 million litersConsumption of 14.5 million litersFluctuations of global oil prices had great influences in MaldivesGHG of 665,000 tons of carbondioxie equivalents according to GHG inventory
Ensure Food SecurityEnsure Food Security
Objectives TargetsObjectivesEnsure that all people, at all times, have physical access to sufficient safe & nutritious food
TargetsBy 2010 develop a national food security strategyIncrease investment insufficient , safe & nutritious food
to meet their direct needsEnsure that people have affordable & economic access to
Increase investment in agricultureBy 2010, double the area of land allocated for agriculture
nutritious & safe food to meet their food preferences for tan active & healthy lifestyleI i ifi tl th
gin 2005By 2010, double the production of fruits 7
t bl f 2004 l lImprove significantly the nutritional status of children in the Maldives
vegetables from 2004 levelsEstablish food storage facilities in seven regions of the MaldivesMaldives
Ensure Food SecurityEnsure Food Security
Status & TrendsEconomist alarming bells on world severe crises on food shortageCritical decrease in staple food like Wheat, rice etcMaldives depends on pimported food items a total of Rf. 633.4 million Poor child nutrition is a key challengeMain challenges are highlighted in Economic Plan
Carbon Neutral Transport tSystem
Objectives TargetsObjectiveso Ensure that transport system meet
society’s economic, social & environmental needs whilst minimizing their undesirable impacts on the
Targetso Establish an integrated public
passenger transport service by 2010their undesirable impacts on the
economy, society & environmento Reduce significantly transport to Male’
from the different islandso Reduce significantly transport sector
o Halve road transport deaths by 2015 compared to 2005
o Reduce CO2 emissions from light vehicles – the average car fleeto Reduce significantly transport sector
GHGo Reduce pollutant emission from
transport to levels that minimize effects on human health & the environment
vehicles – the average car fleet should achieve CO2 emissions of 140g/km by 2015
o By 2015 not less than 10% of t t f l h ld i t fo Achieve a balanced shift towards
environment friendly transport modes to bring about a sustainable transport & mobility
transport fuel should consist of bio fuels, as an indicative target, considering raising their proportion to 20% by 2020
Carbon Neutral Transport SystemSystem
Status & TrendsAir Transport
• 02 International Airports• 03 Regional Airports• Maldivian• Trans Maldivians Airways (TMA)• Maldivian Air Taxi (MAT)
Sea Transport• 03 International sea ports in December 2005• Efficient intra &inter atoll transport not in action• Ferry services provided by MTCC
Land Transport• An issue in capital city
Protect Public HealthProtect Public Health
Objectives TargetsObjectiveso Curb the increase in lifestyle related &
chronic diseases, particularly among socio‐economically disadvantaged groups and areas
Targetso Increase access to safe water to
95% of the population by 2015.o Reduce percentage of femalesgroups and areas.
o Reduce health inequalities within and between atolls by addressing the wider determinants of health and appropriate health promotion and disease
o Reduce percentage of females who consume tobacco to less than 10% by 2015.
o Increase percentage of adultspprevention strategies.
o Reduce drug addiction and substance abuse and provide appropriate treatment facilities I t l h lth d t kl
o Increase percentage of adults with BMI between 18.5 – 24.9 to 65% by 2015.
o Reduce percentage of o Improve mental health and tackle
suicide risks.o Reduce environmental pollution and
adverse health impacts.
underweight children under five years to 20% by 2015.
o Increase contraceptive prevalence rate to 65% by 2015prevalence rate to 65% by 2015.
Protect Public Health
Status & TrendsHealth has improve significantly over two decadesNotable achievements in the control of communicable diseasesdiseasesMaldives well within the leprosy elimination target set by WHOGeography add a challenges to provide health care for all715 doctors are trained and most of them are expatriatesCommunicable diseases are now changing in to non communicable diseasescommunicable diseases
Achieve full Employment & tensure Social Security
Objectives TargetsObjectiveso Take steps that will make a decisive impact on
the reduction of the number of people living in poverty and those at risk of poverty.
Targetso Reduce early school leaving to
10% o Ensure that at least 85% of 22o Significantly increase the labour market
participation of women and youth
o Increase the labour market participation of disabled and socially vulnerable persons
D l ti l f i l b li
o Ensure that at least 85% of 22 year olds should have completed upper secondary education.
o By the end of 2010 every youngo Develop a national foreign labour policy, accompanied by policies to strengthen integration of labour and their families, taking into account also the economic dimension of foreign labour.
o By the end of 2010 every young person who has left school and is unemployed should be offered a job, apprenticeship, additional t i i th l bilito Harmonize and modernise social protection in
view of demographic changes.
o Ensuring a high level of social cohesion at national level as well as respect for diversity.
training or other employability measure within six months
o Increase female labour force participation rate to 65%participation rate to 65%
Achieve full Employment & ensure Social Securityensure Social Security
Status & TrendsStatus & TrendsDevelopment in Maldives cases shift of employment from traditional sectors to modernized sectors
Self employments are also emerging
No labour market surveys and information on employment
According to censes 2006 18,605 person is l dunemployed
Maldives have around 80,839 expatiates working in different sectorsdifferent sectors
Existing Policies & StrategiesExisting Policies & Strategies
National Adaptation Programme of Acton (NAPA)(NAPA)Seventh National Development Plan (NDP7)Third National Environment Action Plan (NEAPIII)First National Communication of the Maldives to UNFCCCNational Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)National Energy PolicyNational Energy PolicyScience and Technology Master PlanTechnology Needs Assessment (TNA)Agriculture Master PlanDraft Transport Master PlanDraft Transport Master PlanMale’ International Airport Master PlanHealth Master PlanStrategic Economic PlanTourism Master PlanTourism Master Plan