making the difference programme Creating a Sustainable South Africa module 9: This module relates to the following Outcomes for the Learning Areas: Natural Science • Learning outcome 1: Scientific Investigations • Learning outcome 2: Constructing Science Knowledge • Learning outcome 3: Science, Society and the Environment For the educator: This module focuses on Sustainability Education and aims to provide educators with a resource, which will facilitate meaningful teaching and learning in the classroom. It takes a closer look at how the environment, society and the economy are interlinked and how our every day actions impact on the environment. It aims to provide practical solutions to the growing crisis of living unsustainably. By the end of this module, learners will be able to: • Understand what Sustainability is. • Understand that all forms of life are linked and therefore impact directly on each other. • Understand the impact that society and the economy have on the environment. • Understand that we have to change the way we view the world in order to ensure our future and that of future generations. • Implement the practical solutions provided in the module. fundraising initiative
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making the difference programme
Creating a Sustainable South Africamodule 9:
This module relates to the following Outcomes for the Learning Areas:Natural Science• Learningoutcome1:ScientificInvestigations• Learningoutcome2:ConstructingScienceKnowledge• Learningoutcome3:Science,SocietyandtheEnvironment
7. Family Involvement –allchangebeginsathome.Childrenlearntheirattitudesandbehaviourfromtheirrolemodels.Asadults,wemustbethechangewewanttoseeintheworld.Wecannotexpectfuturegenerationsnottothinkaswethink,ornottoactasweactourselves.
8. Personal Responsibility –everyindividual,childoradult,impactsontheworldateverymoment.Ourchoicesdeterminewhetherthoseimpactsarepositiveornegative.Whenweareresponsibleforlookingafterourselves,eachotherandtheEarth,weareabletomakechoicesthathavepositiveimpact.
Wehopethatyouenjoyusingthisresource.
Module9:PG4|making the difference programme January2008CopyrightWoolworths(Pty)Ltdfundraising initiative
Definition of sustainabilitySincetheearly1970’smanydifferentinternationalconferencesandmeetingshavebeenheldtodiscusstheworld’senvironmentalcrisisandtheurgentmovetowardssustainableliving.Overtheyears,scientists,conservationists,economists,governmentleadersandmanyotherexpertshavecomeupwitharangeofdefinitionsofsustainability.
… the ability to provide for the needs of the world’s current population without damaging the ability of future generations to provide for themselves… -WorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment.OurCommonFuture.1987
The way a worldview changesAlinear,unsustainableview,acknowledgingnorelationshipsandinterconnections,regardingtheeconomyasadominantsystem:
January2008CopyrightWoolworths(Pty)Ltd making the difference programme|Module9:PG9fundraising initiative
Educator Notes
People cut down too many trees because: • Peopleusetoomuchwoodtomakeproductssuchaspaper,tissues,toiletpaper,furnitureandtools. Wealsousewoodforfire(energyandheat).• PeoplewanttoclearforestedareastousethelandforgrazingcattleorforplantingSoya.• Peopledon’tplantenoughtreestoreplacethosetheyhavecutdown.
Trees are important because: • Theycleantheairbytakingincarbondioxideandreleasingoxygen,whichanimalsandpeopleneed. Theterminologyresources,globalwarminganddeforestationcanbeused,butnotasarequirement forassessment.
1.5 the impact of water shortage
Learning Area: Natural SciencesLO 1 : Scientific Investigations.AS 1 : Plans investigations.AS 2 : Conducts investigations and collects data.AS 3 : Evaluates data and communicates findings.
January2008CopyrightWoolworths(Pty)Ltd making the difference programme|Module9:PG15fundraising initiative
Educator Notes
What does Planet Earth give us?• Itprovidesorganismswiththeresourcestheyneedtolivei.e.sun,air,water,soilandfood.• Itkeepseverythinginadelicatebalancewiththecyclesofbirthanddeath,therebypreventingover-populationandover-useofresources.Examplesoftheseare:
What do we give Planet Earth in return?Inoneshortword:WASTE• Ourmodernhumanwayoflifegeneratesatremendousamountofwaste.• Ourwastenegativelyaffectstheair,soil,waterandtheclimate.• Wehavetoremindourselvesthatnomatterhowadvancedandtechnologicalwemayhavebecome,westillneedlotsofcleanairandcleanwater,fertilesoil,plantsandanimals.
What is the Ecological Footprint?Explaintothelearnershowweallleavefootprintsinthesandwhenwalkingalongthebeach.Drawattentiontothefactthattherearemanydifferentsizesoffootprintsinthesand.Inthesameway,weleaveanimaginaryfootprintonourenvironment.Themoreresourcesweuseandthemorewastewegenerate,thebiggerourfootprintwillbe.Weshouldallstrivetohavethesmallestpossiblefootprint.
January2008CopyrightWoolworths(Pty)Ltd making the difference programme|Module9:PG17fundraising initiative
Youwillneedabin-bagfullof‘rubbish’–forsuggesteditemsseeWaste List below.Theeducatorwillneedlabelsofreduce,re-use,repair,refill,refuse,recycle.(Educator to make flashcards)
(Please note: ‘Recycling’ is often used incorrectly. Recycling an object means it is ‘broken down’ to return it to its material state so that it can then be re-manufactured. So, for example, if you are re-addressing an already used envelope, this is re-using because the item has not been ‘broken down’. But when our glass bottles are collected they are recycled because they are re-processed and re-manufactured.)
Module9:PG18|making the difference programme January2008CopyrightWoolworths(Pty)Ltdfundraising initiative
Case Study 1Woolworths, sustainability & the environment
Selling Only Badger-Friendly Honey Helps to Protect SA’s Biodiversity
The importance of conserving the Honey Badger Someyearsago,theindiscriminatekillingoftheHoneyBadger(Mellivoracapensis)bybeefarmerscametolight.TheHoneyBadgerisrelativelysmallpredatorwithavarieddietthatincludesrodents,reptiles,scorpions,spidersandthelarvaeofbees.Asatoppredatorinmanyofitsranges,theHoneyBadgerplaysanimportantroleinmaintainingahealthybalanceinanecosystem.
Do you know this animal? ThisattractiveandintrepidmammalissparselydistributedfromSouthAfrica,throughAfricatotheMiddleEast.InthiscountryitislistedintheRedDataBookofMammalsasavulnerablespecies,indicatingthattheymaybecomeendangeredinthenearfutureiftheyarenotproperlyprotected.Despiteareputationforbeingsurprisinglyfierce,theHoneyBadgerisactuallyshy,reclusiveandmostlynocturnal.Theyarefoundinvarioushabitats,oftenoutsideofprotectedconservationareas.HoneyBadgersarenaturallyattractedtobeehives,seekingoutthenutritiouslarvaeofbees,ratherthantheactualhoney.
Conflict with beekeepers BeekeepersplayavitalroleintheSouthAfricanfarmingeconomy,andnotjustforthehoneythattheyproduce.Beesarealsospecificallyfarmedsothattheywillpollinateorchards,andtheyarethus,veryimportanttotheSouthAfricanfruit-growingindustry.TheHoneyBadger’snaturallikingforbeelarvaebringsthemintoconflictwithbeekeepersastheycancausesubstantialdamageandlosstothefarmers.IthasbeencommonpracticeforbeekeeperstoindiscriminatelysettrapsordeliberatelypoisontheHoneyBadger,contributingtoitsvulnerablestatusasaspecies.
A better solution Woolworthsbegantoworkcloselywithconservationorganisationsanditwasdiscoveredthattherearebettersolutionstothisconflict-suchasraisingthehivesoutofreachofHoneyBadger.Woolworthsinitiatedaprojecttoraiseawareness,todevelopaBadger-FriendlycodeofpracticeandactivelyencouragebeekeeperstousealternativemethodstoprotecttheirhivesthatdidnotimpactnegativelyontheHoneyBadgerpopulationinSouthAfrica.
1. What is a society?Inclass,yousometimesworkindividually(workingalone),inpairsoringroups.Asocietyisalargegroupofpeoplelivingtogetherinsuchawaythatthewell-beingofallindividualsisensured.Ifwehavehappyindividuals,we’llhavehappyfamilies,happycommunities,happycities,societiesandcountries. Isn’tyourclassnormallyhappywhenyoureducatorishappy?Educatorsarehappywhentheclassunderstandstheworkordidwellinatest.Ifyoumakeyoureducatorunhappybybehavingbadlyforexample,youwillbedisciplined,whichwillinturnmakeyouunhappy.Our happiness is also affected by others and we often rely on others for our happiness.
2. What is human well-being?Youcouldintroducethisconceptbyaskinglearnerswhattheynormallyanswerwhensomeoneasksthem,“Howareyou?”(WELL,thankyou)Humanwell-beingrequirescleanair,cleanwater,safefoodandgoodhealth.Humansalsorequiresafehomeswithsupportivefamiliesandplentyofopportunitiestolearn,towork,tohavefunandtorelatewellwithotherpeople.
3. Can people transform their societies?Yes,theycan.Becausepeoplecreatetheirownsocietiesandkeepthemworking,theyareabletochangethemiftheyareunsustainable,bychangingtheirattitudesandbehaviours.Sustainablesocietiesarecharacterisedbythevalues,attitudesandbehaviourofmostofthepeople.
section 3 sustainability and society
3.1 society and human well-being
Module9:PG20|making the difference programme January2008CopyrightWoolworths(Pty)Ltdfundraising initiative
3.2 food and you
3.3 the impact of our food choices on the environment
Inthisexercise,learnerswillexplorethemanyingredientsthatgointotheirfavouritefoods.Thelearnersworkinsmallgroups.Thislessonwillrequirethreedifferentsized“FoodandYou”FootprintCut-outsforeachgroup.(Refertoworksheet4) The cut-outs will be used as follows:1. FoodandYouSmallFootprint-Foritemsrequiringfewerresources,producinglesswaste,andrequiringlessproduction.
For example - hot chips: potatoes,tomatoes(inthetomatosauce),oil,salt,pepper(potatoesandtomatoesarefarmedusingsoil,water,sunshine,people,fertilisers,farmmachines,trucks,petrolandpackaging).
Module9:PG22|making the difference programme January2008CopyrightWoolworths(Pty)Ltdfundraising initiative
Case Study 2Woolworths, sustainability & society
More and More Organic Choices – Good for You and Good for the Environment
Organic farming is a good way to farmWoolworthsrecognisesorganicfarmingasvitalinpromotingandsupportingsustainableagricultureforthebenefitoffuturegenerations.Organicfarmingsubscribestothehigherprinciplesofbuildingsoilfertility,minimisingpollutionanddamagetotheenvironment,workingwithratherthanagainstnaturalsystemsandrespectinganimalwelfare.Organicproduceisfreefromgeneticmodificationandgrownwithouttheuseofsyntheticfertilisersorpesticidesaccordingtothegloballyaccepteddefinitionoforganic.Organicgrowersmakeuseofapprovednaturalrepellentsandcompost,aswellastechniquessuchascompanionplantingandcroprotation.
Organic food is good food you can trust Woolworthsoffersconsumersayear-roundsupplyoforganicfoodsincludingfreshproduce,nuts,chocolates,milk,eggs,cheese,winesandjuicesaswellasorganicgrocerieslikepastaandpeanutbutter.Theyareallcertifiedorganicbyindependentauditors.Organicproduce,ofcourse,isfreeofgrowthhormones,syntheticpesticides,herbicidesandantibiotics.Whenitcomestoprocessedorganicfood,ifitsaysorganiconthelabel,itmeans95%oftheingredientsofagriculturalorigin(e.g.strawberries,wheat,olives,etc.)arecertifiedorganic.Whilecertainapprovednon-organicingredients(suchassalt)maybeadded,nosyntheticflavoursorcoloursmaybeused.
Certified Organic in South Africa Wemakeiteasyforconsumerstofindcertifiedorganicproductsonourshelvesbyclearlylabellingourcertifiedorganicproductswithourdistinctiveorganiclogo.WeadheretoInternationalOrganicStandardsandbuyfromorganicfarmerswhoareannuallyauditedandcertifiedbyindependentbodiesbecausetheymeetgloballyacceptedorganicrequirements.ThecertificationnumberorlogooforganiccertifyingauthoritiessuchasEcocertorAfriscoalsoappearsonthelabelofanorganicproductastheconsumer’sguaranteethatwhenwesayorganic,wemeanorganic.
1. Dividethelearnersintogroups.2. Eachgroupmustchooseateamleader,whoreportsback.3. Posethefollowingquestions: a.Arepeopleinyourcommunityworkingmoreandearninglessoraremostpeoplewelloff? b. Istherelessormorepovertyandhomelesspeopleinyourcommunity? c. Isitharderoreasierforpeopletofindhomestheycanafford? d.Doyoulikelivinginyourcommunity?Explain. e.Wherewouldyouliketoliveoneday? f. Doyouthinkthatyouwillbeabletoaffordit? g.Whatkindofjobdoyouthinkyouwouldneedtohavetoliveinthatcommunity?4. Writetheanswersofthelearnersontheboardanddiscusstheiranswers.
4.2. sustainable agriculture
Lesson Format
ExplaintothelearnerswhatSustainableagricultureis.
section 4 sustainability and the economy
Module9:PG24|making the difference programme January2008CopyrightWoolworths(Pty)Ltdfundraising initiative
Case Study 3Woolworths, sustainability & the economyThe Madumbi Farmers –Woolworths organic suppliers break barriers to trade
Access to a premium market AcollaborationbetweentheEzemveloFarmersOrganisation,DrJamesHartzellofAssegaiOrganicsandDrAlbertModioftheUniversityofKwa-ZuluNatalhasresultedinmorethan200farmerssupplyingWoolworthswithorganicmadumbis,sweetpotatoes,babypotatoesandgreenbeans.
From subsistence to agribusiness TheEzemvelofarmersliveonsmallholdingsscatteredoverthegreenhillsandvalleysnearUmbumbulu,onKwa-ZuluNatal’ssouthcoast.Whilethecommunityisnotgeographicallyremote,thepeoplehavebeenisolatedfromfirst-worldlife.Theyhavehadnoaccesstorunningwaterorelectricity.Parentshavebattledtopayevennominalfeesfortheirchildrentoattendschool.Thecommunityhasbeeneatingwhattheycangrow,cookedoverfiresinsmokyhuts.Untilnow,thefarmershavehadnoideathattheirlandcouldbeaneconomicassetandthatgrowingmorethantheyeatcouldtapthemintotheeconomy.
First certified organic group of subsistence farmers Theprojectstartedin2001with28originalmembers,andquicklyexpanded.DrHartzellandDrModiworkedcloselywiththefarmerstoimprovefarmingmethodsandundertakecroptrials.Theyassistedwithputtinginplacetheprocessesrequiredforthefarmerstoqualifyfororganiccertificationandestablishedthechannelforthemtosupplytheirproducetothedevelopedmarket.TheKwa-ZuluNatalDepartmentofEconomicDevelopmentandTourismprovidedfundingforinfrastructuresuchasfencing.AFRISCO,aninternationalorganiccertificationagency,agreedtowaivethecertificationfeeforthefirstyear.TheEzemveloFarmersOrganisationbecametheirfirstcertifiedgroupofsubsistencefarmersinSouthAfrica.
2. Thegame: a. Thegameisplayedbyeachlearnerthrowingthediceinturn,movingontotheboardaccordingtothenumber
onthedice. b. Playersreadthesquaretheylandonandthenmoveeitherforwardorbackaccordingtotheinstructions. c. Thenextlearnerthenthrowsthediceandmovesaccordingly,andsoon,untilthelearnersinturnreachthe
“End”square.
January2008CopyrightWoolworths(Pty)Ltd making the difference programme|Module9:PG27fundraising initiative
worksheet 1theeffectsoflivingunsustainably
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The following graph represents the population and natural vegetation in a specific area. Answer the following questions:
1. What kind of breakfast do you have in the mornings? a. Porridgeandfruit b. Baconandeggsorcafébreakfast
2. How do you get to school and back? a.WithMomorDaddrivingandyouastheonlypassenger. b.Walking,cyclingorliftclubs.
3. What type of food do you generally eat? a.Foodthatisproducedinyourowncommunityorinyourowngarden. b.Foodthathastravelledmanythousandsofkilometres,fromthefarmsandfactorieswhereitwasproduced, totheshopsinyourneighbourhood.
4. If you have one sweet wrapper in your hand, do you… a.throwitontheground? b.throwitinadustbin?
5. What happens to your litter at home? Do you …. a.throwyourlitterinadustbin? b.recycleandre-useyourlitter?
6. How do we save energy in our classroom? By … a.switchingthelightsoffwhenweleave. b.installingenergy-savinglightbulbsandswitchingthelightsoffwhenweleave.
7. Describe the packed lunch you bring to school? a.MomorDadmadeandpackedinacontainerIcanre-useeveryday. b.Inpackaging,whichIwillhavetothrowawayonceIhaveeatenmylunch.
8. What type of electricity is provided at school? a.Ourschoolcanonlypayforcoal-basedelectricity. b.Ourschoolcangetpowerbyinstallingsolarpanelsontheroofs.
9. Which meal would you prefer? a. Asaladmadefromthevegetablesyou’vegrownathome. b. takeawaymealfromafastfoodshop.
10. If you are not watching TV, you… a.switchtheTVto‘standby’. b.switchofftheTVandswitchofftheplug.
worksheet 3ecologicalfootprintquizquestions
Module9:PG30|making the difference programme January2008CopyrightWoolworths(Pty)Ltdfundraising initiative
7. Answer: a Eatingfoodpreparedathomeandusingthesamere-usablecontainersallweekismuchbetterthaneatingpackagedfoodboughtatashop;thepackagingresultsinlotsofwaste.
8. Answer: b SouthAfricagetsplentyofsunshine!–yourschoolcansavemoneyandreducepollutionbygettingpowerforlighting,heating,computersandotherappliancesbyinstallingsolarpanelsonroofs.
9. Answer: a Foodthatyouhavegrownorganicallyathomeisfreeandhealthyfood.Ontheotherhand,fastfoodsareunhealthyandmoreexpensive–theyalsousealotofresourcestoproduceandgeneratealotofwaste.