Making stem cells from skin! Luis Williams
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Making stem cells from skin!
Luis Williams
Different kinds of stem cellsAdult stem cells:
Make a few cells of one tissue type
Embryonic Stem (ES) cells:
Pluripotent: able to make many cell types
Different kinds of stem cellsEmbryonic Stem (ES) cells:
Pluripotent: able to make many cell types
induced Pluripotent
Stem (iPS) cells:
Pluripotent: able to make many cell types
Source: A person’s adult cells
Source: Embryo
Reprogramming
1. Why create pluripotent stem cells from adult cells?- Cell replacement therapy
Skin cells iPS cells
Reprogramming
Outline
2. Why could this idea work?- Cell identity and Cloning
3. How is this process put to work?- Example from my own PhD research project
1. Why create pluripotent stem cells from adult cells?
Cell replacement therapy using pluripotent stem cells:
Stem Cells Brain Cells
(Nervous System)
Transplantation
Patient
X
X
Possible Donors
Patient
Cell/Organ transplantation:
MATCH!
Cell replacement therapy using embryonic stem (ES) cells:
Patients (Diverse Group)
ES Cells
(Limited diversity)
Brain Cells
MATCH!
X XX X X X X
Patients (Diverse Group)
1. Why create pluripotent stem cells from adult cells?
• Create pluripotent stem cells directly from the patients’ own cells.
X XX X X X X
Patients (Diverse Group)
1. Why create pluripotent stem cells from adult cells?
• Create pluripotent stem cells directly from the patients’ own cells.
X XX X X X X
Patients (Diverse Group)
1. Why create pluripotent stem cells from adult cells?
• Create pluripotent stem cells directly from the patients’ own cells.
2. Why could this idea (reprogramming) work?
Can we really reset (reprogram) an adult cell to a pluripotent state?
Skin cellsStem cells
Reprogramming
2. Why could this idea (reprogramming) work?
Development
Skin cellsStem cells
Reprogramming
2. Why could this idea (reprogramming) work?
http://www.time.com/time/
Skin cellsStem cells
Reprogramming
1997: Cloning of Dolly the Sheep!
2. Why could this idea (reprogramming) work?
http://www.time.com/time/
Cell Identity: What makes a cell type different from others?
Egg
Sperm Cell
+Fertilized
Egg Entire Organism(~100-1000s of
different cell types)
Cells contain instructions (DNA/genes) in the nucleus
DNA (genes)
Nucleus
A single human cell
DNA/genes: Instructions to make colors
DNA/genes: Instructions to make colors
Proteins: actual colors (carry out functions)
DNA/genes: Instructions to make colors
Proteins: can TURN ON/OFF instructions
ORANGE
Cells that produce tears
Cells that produce acid
- Different cells have all the same instructions.
- Different cells read (TURN ON/OFF) different sets of instructions
Cell Identity: What makes a cell type different from others?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye
≠
Cell Identity: What makes a cell type different from others?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye
≠
Is it possible to “reprogram” an adult cell to a pluripotent state?
?
Skin Cells [Adult cells]
Egg and ES Cells [Pluripotent]
Different instructions are ON/OFF in Pluripotent Cells vs. Adult Cells
YES!
http://www.time.com/time/
Adult Cell
I . Took adult cell
Adult Cell
Egg
II. Transferadult nucleus
An adult cell can be “reprogrammed” to a pluripotent state
Egg without nucleus
(instructions)
Egg with adult nucleus
(instructions)
An adult cell can be “reprogrammed” to a pluripotent state
Egg with adult nucleus(instructions)
An adult cell can be “reprogrammed” to a pluripotent state
Egg with adult nucleus that now has been “reprogrammed” [PLURIPOTENT]
Egg with adult nucleus(instructions)
Adult CellAdult CellREPROGRAMMING
An adult cell can be “reprogrammed” to a pluripotent state
Egg with adult nucleus now reprogrammed
[PLURIPOTENT]http://www.asscr.org
DOLLY
Why Dolly?
DOLLY
http://www.time.com/time/
Dolly Partonhttp://www.topnews.in
3. How is the reprogramming process put to work to create human iPS Cells?
Skin cells iPS cells
Reprogramming
Adult Skin cell induced Pluripotent Stem Cell
3. How is the reprogramming process put to work to create human iPS Cells?
Adult Skin cell
YELLOW-ON!!!
GREEN-ON!!!
iPS Cell~ 1-2 months
Skin cells iPS cellsPatient withNeuron Disease
Reprogramming
Neurons
My Research Project:
In Summary:embryo ES cells
iPS cellsA person’sadult cells
All cell typesof the body
Reprogramming
Thank you!
…Questions?
Related Documents
