Making of Quad

Making of Quadcopter

– G. Jayaram

Call me - Jay (aka Jayaram)

Identity - Mechanical Engineer

Work - Engineer at CAT Work Tools & Services, EDCI

Experience - 11 years includes...

2003 # Teaching CAD/CAM

2003 # Designing Couplers, MWL & LWL Buckets

2006 # Designing Hydraulic Excavator Buckets

2010 # Excavator Buckets– India Localization

2011 # Designing Blades, Nacelles – Wind Turbine

2012 # Designing Hydraulic Hammers

2014 # Hydraulic Hammers-India Localization

Hobbies - Browsing, Simple gadgets building, Cricket, Books, Music

Skill - Can Imagine to an extent of making new possibilities

Presenter intro!

ComponentsInspiration

Functionality

IntegrationGuidelines

Procurement

• Fond of RC cars, Helicopters and Quads

• Googled lot about the Flying technology

•Have you ever seen Bird’s eye view?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lswBDZuL-8w

•Inspired to go deep to find what's in Quad copters

Inspiration

RC Toys!

Components

1. Structural Frame - Strong & Light weight

Trust me!! this frame is too strong! If you don’t believe check

out this link below….

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5rjDVgJAVQ

Preferred to go with

Materials like PVC pipes,

Wood, Aluminium and

plastic /Nylon frames – Can

be done Innovatively

DJI NAZA / Hobby king F450 Frame kit

Components

Structural Frame - Configurations

Functionality

2. Flight Controller

Components

One of the Best Flight Controller – DJI

NAZA- Costly too

Cheapest Flight

controller – i86L

Flight controller

Functionality

Receives signals from Receiver and Drone

actions fulfilled only through Flight controller for

each and every movement – Heart of Drone

KK2.0 boardMultiWii board

Flight Controller – Brands/Board

BoardOpen

Source

Gyro

Stabilization

Self

Leveling

CareFr

ee

AltitudeH

old

PositionHo

ld

ReturnHo

me

Waypoint

NavigationPricing

AeroQuad 32 Yes Yes Yes Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on Medium

ArduCopter (APM 2.5) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Medium

AutoQuad v6.6 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes High

Crius All In One PRO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on Low

Crius MultiWii Lite Yes Yes Yes Low

Crius MultiWii SE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Low

DJI Naza Yes Yes Add-on Yes Add-on Add-on Medium

DJI Wookong Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Add-on High

Free Flight Yes Yes Low

FY-30A Yes Yes Medium

Gaui GU-344 Yes Medium

Hobbyking KK2.0 Yes Yes Yes Low

HoverflyPRO Yes Yes Add-on Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on High

HoverflySPORT Yes Add-on Medium

KKMulticopter Yes Yes Low

MikroKopter Flight-Ctrl Yes Yes Add-on Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on High

MultiWii PRO / MTK GPS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Low

MultiWii PRO 2.0 / MTK GPS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Low

OpenPilot CC3D Yes Yes Yes Low

Paris MultiwiiCopter Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on Medium

Quadrino ZoomFlight Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Medium

Rabbit Yes Yes Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on Low

SmartAP Autopilot Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes High

TMF Pro FH-X46 AQ50 Yes Yes Medium

UAVP/UAVX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Add-on Add-on Low

XAircraft FC1212-P Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on Add-on Add-on Medium

Zero UAV YS-X6 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes High

Flying

capabilities

Gyro Stabilization - the ability to easily keep

the copter stable and level under the pilot's

control. This is a standard feature of all flight

control boards.

Self Leveling - the ability to let

go of the pitch and roll stick on

the transmitter and have the

copter stay level.

Care Free- The pilot can control the

copter as if it is pointing in its original

direction as the orientation of the

copter changes.

Altitude Hold - the ability to hover

a certain distance from the ground

without having to manually adjust

the throttle.

Position Hold -

the ability to

hover at a

specific

location.

Return Home - the ability to

automatically return to the

point where the copter

initially took off.

Waypoint Navigation - the

ability to set specific points on a

map that copter will follow as

part of a flight plan.

Source : http://oddcopter.com/flight-

controllers/

Functionality

3. Electronic Speed Controllers

4. Motors

5. Propellers

Components

920 kV

8x4.5 &

10x4.5

• ESC basically drive tri-phase

• Sending a sequence of signals for rotation.

• Efficiency, power, longevity and light weight in comparison to traditional brushed motors.

• Reversing the motor's direction may also be accomplished by switching any two of the

three leads from the ESC to the motor.

Functionality

kV Ratings

kV rating of 4600 and 12V.

Then, 4600 * 12 = 55,200 RPMs. (Motor max RPM under no load. )

RPM reduces as the payload increases.

> <

Motor higher kV = More top end speed, less acceleration/torque.

< >

Motor lower kV = Less Speed, fast acceleration.

920 kV = 920 * 11.1 = 10212 rpm at no load

6. Receiver

7.Transmitter

8. Battery & Battery chargers

Components

Basically, 5 channel TX/RX would do ….

For Aileron, Elevation, Throttle, Rudder

& Gear

3S/ 4s Battery would do …

With 5000mah – 18 to 20

mins flight time

Traditional narrow-band RC systems 27, 35, 36, 40, 41 or 72MHz

regular AM or FM radio - sending out a signal that is picked up by the receiver and then sent to

the servos.

But manufacturers of spread spectrum (SS) radio systems – no interference issues with 2.4GHz

systems.

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). - the transmitter and receiver staying within a fixed

part of the 2.4GHz spectrum.

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) the transmitter and receiver constantly changing

their operating frequency within the allowed limits of the 2.4GHz band.

Futaba and Airtronics - FHSS,

Other systems - DSSS.

Futaba - FASST system = FHSS + DSSS

Functionality

http://www.rchelicopterfun.com/rc-lipo-batteries.html

3.7 volt battery = 1 cell x 3.7 volts (1S)

7.4 volt battery = 2 cells x 3.7 volts (2S)

11.1 volt battery = 3 cells x 3.7 volts (3S)

14.8 volt battery = 4 cells x 3.7 volts (4S)

18.5 volt battery = 5 cells x 3.7 volts (5S)

22.2 volt battery = 6 cells x 3.7 volts (6S)

29.6 volt battery = 8 cells x 3.7 volts (8S)

37.0 volt battery = 10 cells x 3.7 volts (10S)

44.4 volt battery = 12 cells x 3.7 volts (12S)

11.1V 5000mah. 3S 25C battery means (C is the Discharge rate) = 5000*25 = 125A,

Power= 11.1V * 125A = 1387.5W /4 (4 motors) = 346.875W/ motor

Well the faster the ions can flow from anode to cathode in a battery will indicate the

discharge rate. In the RC LiPo battery world it is called the “C” rating.

For Example:

1000 mAh, 20C = 20 * 1000 = 20,000 milliamps or 20 amps.

theoretical time 1000mAh = 333 mAh/minute (20000/60 = 333)

Completely exhausted in about 3 minutes with 20C discharge rate

Functionality

9. Bullet connector wires/pins

10. DJI LED Status / GPS compass

module

2mm connectors - up to 20 Amps 3.5mm connectors - up to 40Amps XT60 connectors - up to 35Amps 4mm connectors - up to 70 Amps 6mm connectors - up to 120 Amps8mm connectors - up to 200 Amps

Components

LED Status module indicates the status of flight with color codes of Red, Yellow and greenGPS module records the travel coordinates during flight and can be used for Return to home and Altitude hold options

11. Go Pro CameraComponents

• World’s Versatile fast motion capturing camera- 720p & 1080p• Compact and light weight •Non-Stop battery life of 2 hours•Can have FPV to laptop or TV thru WIFI compatibility – up to 300ft•Price approx.200$

Integration

Integration

Integration

GuidelinesWhen flying, the fast rotating propellers of FlameWheel450 will cause serious

damage and injury. Therefore, please fly with a high safety consciousness.

1. Keep flying multi-rotor away from objects, such as obstacles, human beings,

high-voltage lines and so on.

2. Do not get close to or even touch the working motors and propellers, which

will cause serious injury.

3. Do not over load the multi-rotor.

4. Check that the propellers and the motors are installed correctly and firmly

before flight.

5. Make sure the rotation direction of each propeller is correct

6. Check whether all parts of multi-rotor are in good condition before flight. Do

not fly with old or broken parts.

http://gigaom.com/2013/12/08/so-you-want-to-fly-drones-

heres-what-the-law-says/

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/3000-Chinese-radio-

planes-to-be-destroyed/articleshow/4839884.cms?referral=PM

Flying more than

27MHZ frequency

in banned in India

as per USAI

(Unmanned

Systems

Association of

India), UAVs are

required to submit

a specific request

to the Directorate

General of Civil

Aviation to allow

them to fly UAVs

in a specific area.

ProcurementWhere can you buy these components!

http://www.hobbyking.com/hobbyking/store/index.asp

http://www.helipal.com/

http://www.rotor.co.in/

http://www.redrockethobbies.com/quadcopter-rc-s/1085.htm

http://www.dhgate.com/wholesale/rc+quadcopter.html

http://www.snapdeal.com/products/kids-toys-electronic-toys

http://www.xheli.com/spycamheli.html

http://www.banggood.com/Wholesale-Syma-X1-Series-2_4G-4CH-

4-Aixs-RC-BumbleBee-UFO-Micro-Quadcopter-p-48760.html

http://www.hobbypartz.com/

Some more useful Informative Links!

http://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1774935

http://www.instructables.com/id/RC-Quadrotor-Helicopter/

http://witespyquad.gostorego.com/

http://www.hoverthings.com/ready-to-fly.html

http://flitetest.com/articles/rtf-quads-review

http://www.dji.com/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXjHYFEh9Wo

Pizza delivery in Mumbai thru quad