Making IA Real Planning an Information Architecture Strategy Chiara Fox Internet Librarian 2001 November 6, 2001
Making IA RealPlanning an Information
Architecture Strategy
Chiara Fox
Internet Librarian 2001
November 6, 2001
What We’ll Cover
What Is Information Architecture?
Know What You Have
Get a Second Opinion
User Test, User Test, User Test
Bring It All Together
What is Information Architecture?
Information architecture is the art and science of structuring and organizing information systems to help people achieve their goals.
Content
BusinessContext
UsersIA
An Ecological Approach
portal
local subsites(HR, Engineering, R&D…)
Object XName:Product Category:Topic:Stale Date:Author:Security:
IA From Top to Bottom
Top-Down
portal
strategy
hierarchy
primary path
Bottom-Up
sub-site
objects
metadata
multiple paths
Components of IA
Organization
Navigation (including search)
Labeling
Organization
The grouping of like content together
Provides a way to browse the structure of the site
Exact Schemes Chronological Geographical Alphabetical
Ambiguous Schemes Subject Audience Task
Navigation
Global
Local
Contextual
Where am I?
Wh
at's
ne
arb
y?
What's related towhat's here?
Global Navigation
Lo
cal N
avi
ga
tion
Content is here,with contextual
navigationembedded or
separate.
Supplemental
Search
Labeling
The interface to the organization scheme - the names of the different categories
Appears in the words in the navigation systems
One of the most important aspects and one of the most difficult to do.
Needs to reflect the content and the user - must be written in the users’ language
Websites Need an IA Strategy
Users
Website
Websites grow organically
Need to plan before you build a new site or redesign a current site
Strategy begins with research
Know What You Have
Content Analysis and Audit
Content Map
Classification Scheme Analysis
Search and Server Log Analysis
BusinessContext
UsersIA
Content
Content Analysis & Audit
Take a representative sample of the content on your site
Look for patterns and relationships among the content What is similar What is different Possible attributes Identify ROT
You will need to do a complete content audit before implementation to document the site for migration
Content Audit Example
Content Map Example
Site 1
Site 2
Classification Scheme Analysis
Compile listing of all classifications used on the site Product names Industries
Look for similarities and differences
Can schemes be collapsed?
Do you need a new scheme?
Classification Scheme Analysis Example
Official NameMain Products
PageIndustry Solutions
PageCustomers, by
IndustryIndustry User
groups
GovernmentFederal Government
Federal Government
US Federal Government
Public Sector Public Sector Public Sector Public SectorGovernment Public SectorFederal User Network
Financial Services Financial Financial Services Financial Services Financial ServicesFinancial Services (UK)
High TechnologyHigh Technology/ Electronics High Tech
High Technology/ Electronics
DistributionWholesale Distribution
Wholesale Distribution
Wholesale Distribution
Search & Server Log Analysis
Take a sampling of the logs – a few hours or days depending upon site traffic
Search Logs Determine top 100 terms users are searching for What terms are yielding no results? How do these terms relate to your content?
Server Logs Determine most accessed pages Click-stream analysis - what path are users taking through
the site
Get a Second Opinion
Interview opinion leaders & stakeholders
Discuss the goals and direction for the site
Get buy in & support from top management
Content UsersIA
BusinessContext
Users complain that they can’t find things on the site.
Everyone has different ideas about what the site should do.
Hard to cross-sell products and services since they are so separate.
Takes too long for the pages to load, especially on a modem.
“Points of Pain” Exercise
Exercise to determine which problems with the website are related to information architecture
Good to do with stakeholders rather than executives
User Test, User Test, User Test
Exploratory user testing
10 representative users is usually enough
One-on-One testing, not focus groups
Ideally do it more than once Content
IA
BusinessContext
Users
Card Sorting & Affinity Diagrams
Card Sorting Great for understanding how users would like to see the
content organized Open sort vs. closed sort
Affinity Diagramming Way to analyze what the users told you in the card sorting
Affinity Diagram Example
Task Analysis & Mental Model
Task Analysis More traditional usability study Have the user try to do something on the site Can use prototypes to test design
Paper prototypes are great so users don’t get hung up on design
Users’ Mental Model Determine what discrete tasks the user is trying to
accomplish by coming to your site Match the content of your site to the mental model
Mental Model Example
Find Out High-LevelInformation
Find Vendors
Find Vendors
Read VendorMarketingMaterials
DistrustMarketingMaterial
AttendConferences
InteractiveDiagram
Super Demo
Product Tour
Landing Page(for events)
Events
PartnerProfiles
OnlineSeminars
Product One-Sheets
Feature/Benefit
Descriptions
ComponentsDescriptions
FeatureStories
Refine Requirements
RefineRequirements
Based onResearch
Get Proposals
WriteRequests for
Proposals
ReadProposals
Submit anRFP?
About theCompany
Mental Model
Content Map
Bring It All Together
Use the information you have gathered to create a structure that: Enables users to complete their tasks Supports the goals of the organization Can grow and adapt as needs change
Remember you are: Determining content areas Designing navigational systems Applying clear and descriptive labels Improving search
Blueprint Example
Wireframe Example
Metadata Schemes
Definition Metadata is structured data which describes the
characteristics of a resource. It shares many similar characteristics to the cataloguing that takes place in libraries, museums and archives.
Chris Taylor, University of Queensland
Purposes Document surrogate (abstract, title) Maintenance attributes (date, author) Facilitates retrieval (subject, audience)
Relevant to
…person
…product
…process
Subject Keywords
Review Date
Architectural Placement
Title
Attribute Name
ManualText – Controlled
Vocab
Engineers, Semiconductor,
Fabrication Process
Descriptive
ManualText – Controlled
Vocab
Dry Etch Technology;
Transistor
Descriptive
AutomaticDate01-01-2002 8:00AM GMTWorkflow
ManualText -Controlled
Vocab
My X-Zone, Product
Catalog
Workflow
ManualFree TextMy X-ZoneIdentity
Tagging ProcessValue TypeExamplesType of Attribute
Metadata Schema Example
Levels of Control
Simple Complex
SynonymRings
AuthorityFiles
ThesauriClassificationSchemes
Equivalence Hierarchical Associative
(Vocabularies)
(Relationships)
Ways to Leverage
User Interface Generate browsable indexes (site-wide, sub-site,
specialized authority files) Enable field-specific searching (filters, zones, sorting) Support personalization (language, location)
Behind the Scenes Enable efficient content management Dynamically generate pages
Controlled Vocabulary in XML
<SVTerm UID="SVCS::8099"> <label>Document Management Systems</label> <alt>Document Delivery Systems</alt> <alt>Document Management</alt> <alt>Document Delivery</alt> <parent UREF="SVCS::80"/> <child UREF="SVCS::8099129"/> <child UREF="SVCS::8099130"/> <child UREF="SVCS::8099131"/> <child UREF="SVCS::8099132"/> <child UREF="SVCS::8099133"/></SVTerm>
Rapid Implementation Methodology
Enterprise Document Archive
Next Step: Implementation
Make it happen
Work closely with other teams Graphic Design IT Department Content Contributors
Not easy but well worth the effort
How To Learn More
Argus Center for Information Architecture Website http://argus-acia.com IA Guide http://argus-acia.com/ia_guide/
ASIS&T SIG-IA Website http://www.asis.org/SIG/SIGIA/ Email discussion list
Books Information Architecture for the World Wide Web by Lou
Rosenfeld and Peter Morville Practical Information Architecture by Eric Reiss Web Navigation by Jennifer Fleming
Thank You
Chiara Fox
Information Architect
Presentation available at http://www.geocities.com/chiarafox
PeopleSoft http://www.peoplesoft.com